癌基因表达与膜分子侧向运动和cAMP转运的相关性(环核苷酸对癌细胞作用)

Ehrlich癌细胞在cAMP诱导下,于接种后5-7天癌基因c-myc、c-fos、c-H-ras、c-sis的表达强烈被抑制.与此同时癌细胞膜对cAMP转运增强.膜蛋白分子扩散系数[D]值下降,均以接种后7天最为显著P<0.01.可动分子百分比提高.这反映出癌细胞的分化变异.但至接种后9天,上述癌基因重新表达,膜蛋白分子扩散系数上升,cAMP转运下降,这可能是导致接种后11天癌细胞增殖急剧上升,细胞内cAMP水平下降的原因.说明Ehrlich细胞在去恶化及恶化过程中,癌基因表达变异.膜蛋白分子运动和癌细胞多种表型之间密切相关.     

3'''',5''''-cAMP对艾氏腹水癌细胞膜功能的作用(cAMP的转运和膜蛋白分子的侧向运动)

本工作用外源性cAMP加氨茶碱处理艾氏腹水癌小鼠,于不同瘤龄期观察到癌细胞膜对cAMP的转运功能和膜内蛋白质分子侧向扩散运动的变化、以及膜内可动性蛋白质分子的百分比的改变。这些表型变化均在接种后5—7天最为显著。接种后第7天,实验组癌细胞膜对cAMP的转运加强,而膜内蛋白质分子侧向扩散运动??减慢,抑制率达72.8%,二者P值均小于0.01。而接种后第9天,实验组与对照组之间二者变化均无统计学差异。这些变化表现了癌细胞膜的功能状态的变化。进一步阐明了我们过去工作——3’,5’-cAMP对体内艾氏腹水癌细胞作用机理,接种后第9天癌细胞内cAMP水平升高不是外源性cAMP的积累,而是内源性的代谢结果;阐明了接种后第5天cAMP-PDE活性下降的动因。同时我们也进一步看到膜功能、膜结构和胞质内cAMP水平及其二酯酶活性等变化的动力学关系,以及它们和癌细胞增殖抑制之间的相互关系。从而说明这些变化在癌细胞“逆转”中的意义与其内在联系。     

cAMP对癌细胞增殖周期的影响和膜表面ConA受体分布相关性

用流式光度计、放射自显影和荧光标记等方法研究了体内艾氏腹水癌(EAC)细胞经cA-MP诱导后,在其增殖过程中细胞周期和细胞膜表面ConA受体复合物分布之间的相关性。结果表明:接种后5—9天实验组S期细胞增加45.3％,同时ConA受体复合物分布呈帽状的比率和LI(~3H-TdR掺入)均大于对照组。但G_2+M期细胞的比率及MI却小于对照组,后者呈断续簇状分布的细胞比率大于实验组。至接种后11天,实验组细胞继续簇状分布的比率急剧增加,达6.18倍。这时S期细胞比率和LI均下降,而G_2+M期细胞反而大于对照组。     

癌细胞运动与迁移的分子机制

癌细胞运动和迁移的分子机制远较我们想象的复杂,癌细胞的运动和迁移性和接触性刺激相应答的细胞膜突起形成所启动的多步骤过程的结果.人们普遍想相信,片状伪足在驱动癌细胞迁移中起着主要作用,它通过附着在基底膜上而产生拉动细胞体向前的力量.近来的研究证明,切丝蛋白是癌细胞运动和迁移的一个重要调节因子, 切丝蛋白的局部激活可以诱导片状伪足的形成,并设定细胞运动方向.此外,成束蛋白.Arp2/3复合物、Cdc42、LIM激酶和黏着斑激酶常常协同调节癌细胞的运动和迁移.虽然调节癌细胞运动和迁移的信号通路和分子机制尚未完全阐明,但现有的资料清楚地表明,抑制癌细胞的迁移性将可能成为抑制恶性肿瘤生长和扩散的一个有用的策略.     

在膜蛋白分子侧向运动中细胞骨架的作用

本实验采用体外培养的人胃癌细胞,利用免疫荧光技术和FRAP技术研究细胞骨架和膜表面ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动.实验分成5组:①用CB处理细胞5小时;②CB处理5小时后,除去药物,换正常培养液培养1小时;③用秋水仙素处理5小时;④秋水仙素处理细胞5小时后,除去药物,换正常培养液培养2小时;⑤对照组.经CB处理细胞后,胞质微丝减少或消失,但是膜ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动增加〔D〕=1.05×10~(-1)cm~2/sec,当除去CB后,微丝重新出现,膜ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动又减慢〔D〕=0.81×10~(-1)cm~2/sec,与对照组相似.而无论是用秋水仙素处理细胞,还是撤药后微管收复,都不能看到膜表面ConA受体复合物侧向扩散运动的变化.以上结果表明:影响膜表面ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动主要在于微丝的作动.     

反义RNA对人胃癌细胞生长抑制及恶性表型的阻断作用

ｒａｓ原癌基因的点突变是人胃癌发生发展的重要机理之一。利用能表达ｃ－Ｈ－ｒａｓ癌基因反义ＲＮＡ的质粒,导入人胃癌细胞系ＢＧＣ－８２３,研究了ｒａｓ癌基因反义ＲＮＡ对人胃癌细胞生长及恶性表型的作用,结果表明,ｃ－Ｈ－ｒａｓ反义ＲＮＡ可引起ＢＧＣ－８２３生长速率及形态的变化,在半固体培养基中细胞集落形成能力减弱,部分也抑制了ＢＧＣ－８２３在裸鼠体内的致瘤性。ｃ－Ｈ－ｒａｓ反义ＲＮＡ对其ＲＮＡ的过量表达     

温度及膜中蛋白质含量与膜粘度和膜中分子排列方向的关系

本实验用闪光诱导的瞬间二向色性方法测量了不同温度以及不同蛋白质含量下菌紫质分子在脂质囊泡膜中的旋转扩散运动.根据旋转扩散运动得到了温度和蛋白质含量与膜粘度以及分子在膜中排列方向的关系.温度和蛋白质的含量都影响膜的粘度,但并不影响蛋白质分子在膜中的排列方向.     

肿瘤发生发展的分子机理(3)

生长因子基因的异常表达可以刺激细胞增殖一般情况下,编码生长因子的基因几乎都不太可能成为癌基因,只有sis基因例外。编码PDGF蛋白的癌基因sis可以使表达PDGF受体的自体细胞增殖,这种自身刺激作用被称为细胞生长的自分泌诱导作用。     

光合膜膜脂的结构、特性与分子组装

本文就叶绿体光合膜中主要膜脂的分子结构及其特性和在膜中的分子组装进行了综述,并指出了目前膜脂研究的趋势和存在的问题     

光合膜膜脂的结构、特性与分子组装

本文就叶绿体光合膜中主要膜脂的分子结构及其特性和在膜中的分子组装进行了综述,并指出了目前膜脂研究的趋势和存在的问题。     

A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE CYCLING AND RESTING STATES IN ASCITES TUMOR CELLS

Growth deceleration of an Ehrlich ascites tumor with increasing mass is associated with a prolongation of the cell cycle and a decline in the growth fraction. These effects are reversed upon transfer of cells from an older tumor into a new host. Studies were made to locate the stages at which a cell cycle could be suspended or resumed. Transplantation caused a prompt rise in both mitotic and flash H³TdR labeling indices. When all the cells in cycle including mitoses were prelabeled with H³TdR in older tumors, the fraction of labeled mitoses did not decline for a considerable period after transplantation into new hosts. This suggests that the early rise in mitoses is not due to a flow of resting (G_o) cells from a G² store (G²-G^o transition). It appears rather to be a reflection of a lag of the mitotic process relative to other stages during the initial readjustment of the cycle. A prompt rise in flash H₃TdR indices in the transplants suggested cell entry into S from either a suspended G_I (G₁-G_o transition) or a suspended S (S-G_o transition). These possibilities were examined by relating micro-spectrophotometric estimates of DNA to the cell cycle stage as revealed by H³TdR autoradiography. Since G_o cells had DNA values corresponding to G_I, it was concluded that decycling or recycling could occur only after mitosis and before DNA synthesis.     

AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF THE MORPHOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE INTRACYTOPLASMIC "VIRUS-LIKE" PARTICLES OF EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS

Electron microscope studies of eight different sublines of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells which had not, as far as could be determined, come in contact with any known virus, revealed dense particles measuring approximately 55 to 70 mµ in diameter, both within and attached to the wall of cytoplasmic vesicles identified as the endoplasmic reticulum. All tumor sublines contained significant numbers of particles and revealed no qualitative or quantitative differences in particle morphology or distribution. It is concluded that these structures are a constant morphological component of the Ehrlich ascites tumor and that they probably do not represent contaminating virus. Their morphology and distribution are described, and the possible interpretations of their significance are discussed.     

THE ISOLATION OF LYSOSOMES FROM EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS FOLLOWING PRETREATMENT OF MICE WITH TRITON WR-1339

A method is described for obtaining highly purified lysosomes from Ehrlich ascites tumo cells grown in mice injected with Triton WR-1339. The isolated particles show a high specific activity for aryl sulfatase, representing an 80–90-fold purification over the homogenate, and a 15–18% yield of the total enzyme activity. Mitochondrial and microsomal marker enzymes are present in negligible amounts (0.2% of the activity of the homogenate). The biochemical evidence for a rather high degree of homogeneity of the fraction is supported by the electron microscopic examination of the purified lysosomes. The intracellular localizations of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, NADH-cytochrome c reductase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in Ehrlich ascites cells are also reported, the first two being present in highest concentration in the combined mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction and the third in the microsomal fraction.     

定量研究细胞表面蛋白质分子与其配位体(抗体)之间的动态结合

以定量方法确定细胞表面蛋白质分子的动态行为,可深入了介细胞的生命活动。 本文研究FITC—11—4—1Fab和11—4—1Fab同时与细胞表面糖蛋白分子进行竞争性抑制结合,测定一定时间内FITC—11—4—1Fab与Clld细胞表面糖蛋白分子的专一性结合的机率,这有助于了介细胞表面糖蛋白分子的结构和运动。 用荧光分光光度计定量的测量FITC—11—4—1Fab和11—4—1Fab对Clld细胞表面糖蛋白分子进行竞争性抑制结合后所发出的相对荧光强度,再经过计算得知每一Clld细胞表面所能确切结合的FITC—11—4—1Fab分子的真正数目。 实验结果证明FITC—11—4—1Fab的浓度增大,则每一Clld细胞表面糖蛋白分子真正能结合的FITC—11—4—1Fab数目也增多。     

FEULGEN HYDROLYSIS OF NORMAL CELLS AND MOUSE ASCITES TUMOR CELLS

The effect of HCl hydrolysis on the dye content (Feulgen reaction) of normal cells and mouse ascites tumor cells was examined by means of cytophotometric measurements. After 11 min of hydrolysis, 16-day-old tumor cells showed a hypotetraploid DNA line with doubling peaks. The DNA values were in the ratios of 1:2:4:8 during all the tested hydrolysis times (3 to 21 min). The size of the nucleus and the DNA concentration did not influence the hydrolysis and the dye content. However, the time of the hydrolysis considerably influenced the dye content of normal and tumor cells. The course of the curves obtained by plotting dye absorption against hydrolysis time showed an inflection of the curve at 9 min' hydrolysis time in tumor cells, whereas the inflection occurred at 8 min in mitotic cells. These inflections were statistically significant. The DNA stem-line¹ for tumor cells shifted during different hydrolysis times when compared to normal cells. The possibility is discussed of two types of DNA which differed in their acid sensitivity and which yielded atypical hydrolysis curves.     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物的表达与毛囊细胞增殖关系的研究

为了研究毛囊外根鞘(outer root sheath,ORS)细胞尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(urokinase plasmino-gen activator,uPA)的表达与其细胞周期的关系,并探讨uPA对毛囊生长的调控作用,本文应用流式细胞仪对不同代龄的ORS细胞的细胞周期进行了 检测,并用免疫细胞化学和RT-PCR手段对相应代龄ORS细胞的uPA mRNA及蛋白质的表达进行了检测。结果显示,原代ORS细胞增殖旺盛,而3代ORS细胞增殖水平显著下降,增殖旺盛的ORS细胞uPA mRNA及蛋白表达较强,而增殖缓慢的ORS细胞uPA mRNA及蛋白的表达明显下降或不表达。说明ORS细胞的增殖水平与其uPA mRNA及蛋白的表达密切相关,uPA在毛囊生长早期的表达可以促进毛囊细胞增殖,利于毛囊发育。     

CTx促进远端视神经切断后视网膜节细胞轴突再生与c-Jun表达的关系

目的探讨霍乱毒素(CTx)促进成年金黄地鼠视神经远端切断后视网膜节细胞(RGCs)轴突再生与c-Jun的表达关系。方法远端切断视神经并对接一段自体坐骨神经,玻璃体内注射CTx及/或植入小段坐骨神经分支(SN)。动物随机分为AG CTx组;AG SN组;AG SN CTx组,各组动物分别存活4W,用荧光金(FG)逆行标记和c-Jun免疫荧光组织化学双标法观察轴突再生的RGCs内c-Jun表达情况。结果再生RGCs内有c-Jun蛋白表达,玻璃体内给予CTx或植入SN组RGCs表达c-Jun的再生RGCs分别为35·8±9·57和32·2±7·25个,约占其再生总数的94%及90%,两组相比无显著性差异(P>0·05);CTx与SN联用组c-Jun阳性再生的RGCs为150·2±43·92个,占再生总数的97%,与前两组相比,均有显著性差异(P<0·05)。结论视神经远端切断后约90%以上的再生RGCs有c-Jun表达,提示c-Jun表达与视神经远端受损后节细胞轴突再生密切相关,CTx及外周神经对RGCs轴突再生及c-Jun表达有协同促进作用。     

INFLUENCE OF GLUTARALDEHYDE AND/OR OSMIUM TETROXIDE ON CELL VOLUME, ION CONTENT, MECHANICAL STABILITY, AND MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY OF EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS

Effects of fixation with glutaraldehyde (GA), glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide (GA-OsO₄), and osmium tetroxide (OsO₄) on ion and ATP content, cell volume, vital dye staining, and stability to mechanical and thermal stress were studied in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC). Among variables investigated were fixation time, fixative concentration, temperature, osmolality of the fixative agent and buffer, total osmolality of the fixative solution, osmolality of the postfixation buffer, and time of postfixation treatment in buffer (Sutherland, R. M., et al. 1967. J. Cell Physiol. 69:185.). Rapid loss of potassium, exchangeable magnesium, and ATP, and increase of vital dye uptake and electrical conductivity occurred with all fixatives studied. These changes were virtually immediate with GA-OsO₄ or OsO₄ but slower with GA (in the latter case they were dependent on fixative temperature and concentration) (Foot, N. C. 1950. In McClung's Handbook of Microscopical Technique. 3rd edition. 564.). Total fixative osmolality had a marked effect on cell volume with OsO₄ but little or no effect with GA or GA-OsO₄. Osmolality of the buffer had a marked effect on cell volume with OsO₄, whereas with GA or GA-OsO₄ it was only significant at very hypotonic buffer osmolalities. Concentration of GA had no effect on cell volume. Osmolality of the postfixation buffer had little effect on cell volume, and duration of fixation or postfixation treatment had no effect with all fixatives. Freezing and thawing or centrifugal stress (up to 100,000 g) had little or no effect on cell volume after all fixatives studied. Mechanical stress obtained by sonication showed that OsO₄ alone produced poor stabilization and that GA fixation alone produced the greatest stabilization. The results indicate that rapid membrane permeability changes of EATC follow fixative action. The results are consistent with known greater stabilizing effects of GA on model protein systems since cells were also rendered relatively stable to osmotic stress during fixation, an effect not noted with OsO₄. After fixation with GA and/or OsO₄ cells were stable to osmotic, thermal, or mechanical stress; this is inconsistent with several earlier reports that GA-fixed cells retain their osmotic properties.     

心衰时心肌收缩蛋白分子基因表达和心肌收缩力的相互关系

目的和方法：本文通过ＤＯＣＡ硅胶管皮下埋入法建立大鼠心力衰竭模型,比较正常与心衰大鼠心肌收缩力的变化。采用ＲＮＡｓｌｏｔｂｌｏｔ杂交从基因转录水平检测正常与心衰大鼠心肌组织中心肌收缩蛋白分子基因αｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ与αＭＨＣ表达的变化。结果：（１）心衰大鼠心肌收缩力较正常大鼠明显降低;（２）心衰大鼠与正常大鼠相比,心肌收缩蛋白分子基因αｃａｒｄｉａｃａｃｔｉｎ表达水平未见有统计学意义的变化,而αＭＨＣ表达水平呈显著降低（下降２１．３０％,Ｐ＜０．０５）;（３）αＭＨＣｍＲＮＡ的含量与心肌收缩力的大小存在线性正相关（ｒ＝０．４１４３,ｎ＝４３,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：αＭＨＣ基因表达水平的下降是心衰时心肌收缩力减退的主要分子基础之一,且与心肌收缩力的大小存在线性正相关