虎杖鞣质的降血糖作用研究

研究了虎杖鞣质对小鼠的降血糖作用。虎杖鞣质经提取纯化后 ,以 10 0mg/ (kg·d)的剂量 ,连续灌胃 8d ,四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠血糖含量降低至 6 85mmol/L ,表明虎杖鞣质具有良好的降血糖活性。     

中药提取物中α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的筛选

目的：从中药中筛选α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。方法：采用α-葡萄糖苷酶、淀粉酶以及蔗糖酶活性测定方法,对126种经水煮醇沉提取的常用中药进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性筛选。结果：在0．28mg／ml反应体系下,24种中药提取物显著抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性;在0．1mg／ml反应体系下,5种中药提取物抑制α-淀粉酶活性。大黄、山茱萸、赤芍、五倍子对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶以及转化酶活性均有抑制作用,与阳性药物拜唐苹比较,这4种中药抑制α-淀粉酶的活性较低,但抑制α-葡萄糖计酶和转化酶的活性明显强于拜唐苹。结论：某些中药提取物能显著抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性,如果对其进一步分离、纯化并提取活性部位,可望获得抑制活性更强的中药α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。     

石韦不同极性萃取物体外降血糖活性研究北大核心CSCD

为进一步明确石韦对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制作用机制,该研究以石韦95%乙醇提取物的不同极性萃取物为试材,阿卡波糖为阳性对照,采用pNPG法(p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside,pNPG)、DNS法(3,5-dinitro salicylic acid,DNS)考察石韦不同极性萃取物的α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,并采用酶促动力学方法与Lineweaver-Burk曲线分析最强活性萃取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用类型,以期为石韦的进一步开发利用提供科学依据。结果表明:石韦水萃取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制作用最强,其IC_(50)值分别为(4.71±0.72)μg·mL^(-1)、IC_(50)=(48.40±0.32)μg·mL^(-1),并显著强于其他萃取物(P<0.05),且对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用比阿卡波糖强,对α-淀粉酶抑制作用弱于阿卡波糖。阿卡波糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制作用的IC_(50)值分别为(2857.36±1.35)μg·mL^(-1)和(16.41±0.63)μg·mL^(-1)。酶促动力学显示水萃取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶为可逆性抑制,Lineweaver-Burk曲线显示为竞争性抑制。综上结果表明,石韦水萃取物具有较好的α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,是一种胃肠道副作用小、天然α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂来源。     

橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用研究CSCD

探索橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。采用40%乙醇和纤维素酶组合提取,石油醚、乙酸乙酯依次萃取分离,获得橡实粗提物、石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、萃余水相。通过测定酶抑制作用,研究各极性萃取物的体外降糖活性,并利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和分子对接实验验证各提取物可能的活性成分。结果表明:橡实不同极性萃取物对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶均有明显的抑制作用,其中乙酸乙酯相抑制效果最佳,其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶IC_(50)分别为1.590±0.073 mg/g、3.927±0.019(×10^(-3) mg/g);通过HPLC含量测定发现乙酸乙酯相中6种活性成含量最高,鞣花酸含量为500.75±6.93 mg/g,高于其他组分10~50倍;分子对接结果表明只有鞣花酸与α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶有良好的结合活性。以上结果表明,鞣花酸可能是橡实乙酸乙酯萃取物抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的主要活性成分。     

血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制研究

为了研究血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制,用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型,以血糖、糖耐量为指标研究血竭超临界提取物的降糖作用。通过测定体外α-葡萄糖苷酶的活力,观察血竭超临界提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果发现血竭超临界提取物对正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显降低作用,能改善小鼠对蔗糖的耐受力,能降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖水平,能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。表明血竭超临界提取物对糖尿病小鼠有较好的降糖作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用可能是其降血糖的机制之一。     

桦褐孔菌活性物质的提取工艺及体外抗糖尿病活性

对桦褐孔菌活性物质的提取工艺及其体外抗糖尿病活性进行研究。桦褐孔菌子实体用乙醇浸提后,乙醇粗提物用不同有机溶剂萃取,醇提残渣再以热水浸提,用标准曲线法测定活性组分中活性成分的含量,并检测活性物质对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除效果以及对关键糖代谢酶α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果表明:4种活性组分(乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相、水相和粗多糖)对羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)都有较强的清除作用,其中乙酸乙酯组分的活性最高,乙醇粗提物萃取组分对α-淀粉酶有抑制活性,而粗多糖对α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制作用;桦褐孔菌具有抗氧化和抗糖尿病活性,其活性与活性物质种类及其含量具有相关性。     

过氧化氢法改性羊肚菌多糖研究

为提高羊肚菌多糖体外降血糖能力,本试验在筛选羊肚菌多糖改性方法的基础上,以α-淀粉酶抑制率为参数,运用单因素试验结合响应面分析法建立了羊肚菌多糖改性产物对α-淀粉酶抑制率的多元二次回归方程模型,优化了羊肚菌多糖过氧化氢氧化降解工艺条件。试验表明料液比为1∶8.55、pH为7.09、温度为47.8℃、时间为3.02 h的条件下的改性效果最好,在该条件下重复测定三次所得羊肚菌多糖过氧化氢氧化改性产物的α-淀粉酶抑制率为16.30%±1.22%,与模型预测结果的相对误差为0.11%,是改性前的17.16倍。同时,蔗糖酶抑制率为78.13%±5.09%,麦芽糖酶抑制率为16.48%±3.27%,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率为21.40%±3.81%,分别比改性前提高了1.07倍、1.64倍、1.22倍。与常用的降糖药阿卡波糖相比,羊肚菌多糖改性产物的α-淀粉酶抑制率、麦芽糖酶抑制率、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率分别提高了1.44、1.63和1.88倍,蔗糖酶抑制率与阿卡波糖差异不显著(P0.05)。羊肚菌多糖经过氧化氢氧化改性的产物呈现明显的多糖红外吸收特征,对糖苷酶抑制效果显著提升,提高了其体外降血糖能力。     

鹰嘴豆种子发芽和成熟过程中α-淀粉酶抑制剂的活性研究

以5种不同来源的α-淀粉酶为检测试剂,对鹰嘴豆种胚芽和子叶α-淀粉酶抑制剂在发芽和成熟过程中的抑制活性进行测定。结果表明:α-淀粉酶抑制剂主要存在于胚芽中; 发芽过程中,发芽1 d后,胚芽提取液对AOA的抑制活性降为9.9%,而对HSA、PPA和PA的抑制活性都检测不到。子叶提取液对AOA和HSA的抑制活性分别降为21.5%和28.3%,而对BSA和PPA则检测不到活性。发芽4 d后,无论是子叶还是胚芽提取液对5种来源的α-淀粉酶都检测不到抑制活性; 种子成熟过程中,子叶和胚芽提取液对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性均随种子成熟度的提高而提高,30 d时达到最大,且胚芽提取液对HSA、PA的抑制活性较高,分别为48.9%和47.5%。     

富硒菊花提取物的抗氧化活性及其对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活力的影响

本研究比较了富硒菊花与普通菊花的抗氧化活性与α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用。富硒菊花甲醇提取物清除ABTS·+、DPPH·、OH自由基的EC50分别为0.078 5、0.068 0、0.346 9 mg/mL,普通菊花分别为0.128 9、0.121 2、0.313 3 mg/mL。富硒菊花提取物的总还原力与ABTS·+、DPPH·自由基清除能力一定强于普通菊花。富硒菊花提取物抑制α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶的IC50分别为2.190 9、4.123 9 mg/mL,普通菊花分别为3.449 5、10.696 3 mg/mL。富硒菊花提取物的抗氧化活性以及α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率呈现出一定的剂量依赖性,量效关系拟合方程具有较高的拟合度。富硒菊花的抗氧化活性与α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用普遍优于普通菊花,这可能与其中所含的多酚、黄酮类化合物有关。本研究为富硒菊花资源的科学开发和综合利用提供了参考。     

杨桃根水提取物化学成分及生物活性的研究

为探究杨桃根中具备降血糖功能的活性成分,采用色谱分离方法从其水提取物中分离得到9个化合物,应用波谱技术对它们的化学结构进行了鉴定,分别命名为prismaconnatoside(1),tarennanosides A(2),(+)-catechin(3),fernandoside(4),7a-[(β-glucopyranosyl) oxy]-lyoniresinol(5),(+)-lyoniresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(6),(-)-lyon-iresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7),(-)-5’-methoxy-isolariciresinol 3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8)和正辛烷(9)。其中化合物1,2,4,5均为首次从杨桃中分离得到,化合物3为首次从杨桃根中分离得到。对部分单体化合物进行了体外α-葡萄糖苷酶和DPP-IV酶抑制活性测试,化合物1具有较强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.