水稻乙醛脱氢酶基因的克隆及其在不育系中的表达

从水稻中分离了乙醛脱氢酶基因 (Osaldh)的全长cDNA ,序列分析显示OsaldhcDNA含有一个完整的编码 5 49个氨基酸的开放阅读框 ,其编码蛋白OSALDH的N端为预期的线粒体前导肽 ,中部具有醛类脱氢酶基因家族的酶催化活性中心 ,OSALDH与玉米、烟草、人类的线粒体乙醛脱氢酶同源性分别高达 87%、77%、5 9%。Northern分析显示 ,幼根中Osaldh的表达水平高于幼苗、幼穗 ,不育品种幼穗中Osaldh的转录水平普遍高于对应的可育恢复系。植物线粒体乙醛脱氢酶的功能及其与雄性不育的关系值得进一步研究     

大肠杆菌表达的重组人GM-CSF的纯化

本文对重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM-CSF)高效表达克隆pZW.GM的表达产物进行纯化,并对纯化的人GM-CSF进行了N端氨基酸序列分析。人GM-CSF基因表达产物在大肠肝菌中以不溶性包涵体形式存在,经超声破菌、包涵体抽提、凝胶过滤层析、复性、离子交换一系列纯化步骤,终产物纯度达99％,按蛋白总量计算回收率达10％,比活性达1×10~7u/mg蛋白质。通过测定纯化人GM-CSF的N端16个氨基酸序列,与由其DNA序列推导的氨基酸序列完全一致。     

重组人白细胞介素4的纯化及N端氨基酸序列分析

本文对重组人白细胞介素4高效表达克隆pBV220/hIL-4a的表达产物进行了纯化,升对纯化的人IL-4进行了N端氨基酸序列分析。人IL-4基因表达产物在大肠杆菌中以不溶性包涵体形式存在,经过超声破菌、包涵体抽提、复性浓缩、离子交換和凝胶过滤层析一系列纯化步骤,终产物纯度达98％以上,按蛋白总量计算回收率为14％,比活性达2×10~6单位/mg蛋白。通过测定纯化人IL-4的N端16个氮基酸序列,与由其DNA序列推导的氨基酸序列完全一致。本文为重组人IL-4的批量生产奠定了基础。     

豇豆几丁质酶N端序列测定及与其它植物的比较

通过自动 Edman降解程序 ,测定了经诱导、纯化的豇豆几丁质酶 N端 1 0个氨基酸的序列 ,并将该序列与其它植物几丁质酶 N端相应部分的氨基酸序列进行了比较分析。结果表明 ,该豇豆 ( Vigna sesquipedalis)几丁质酶 N端 1 0个氨基酸的序列为 EQCGSQAGGA,与 类几丁质酶同一部分同感序列同源性高达 1 0 0 % ;而与 、 及 类几丁质酶的相应序列均无同源性。结合考虑此酶的等电点 ( 8.3)及分子量 ( 33k D) ,可推测该豇豆几丁质酶属于 类几丁质酶。其 N端序列的高度保守性提示 ,该段序列可作为 类几丁质酶的一段主要特征序列 ,并可据其合成核酸探针 ,以分离、克隆其它 类几丁质酶编码基因。     

大肠杆菌表达的重组人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的纯化

对重组人粒细胞一巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(rhGM—csF)高效表达克隆pzw．GM的表达产物进行了纯化,并对纯化的人GM—CSF进行了N端氨基酸序列分析。人GM—CSF基因表达产物在大肠杆菌中以不溶性包涵体形式存在,经过超声破菌、包涵体抽提、凝胶过滤层析、复性、离子交换一系列纯化步骤,终产物纯度达99％,按蛋白总量计算回收率达10％,比活性达1×10⁷／mg蛋白质。通过测定纯化人GM—csF的N端l 6个氨基酸序列,与由其DNA序列推导的氮基酸序列完全一致,为大批量重组人GM—CSF的生产创造了条件。     

麻疯树核糖体失活蛋白基因的克隆和表达

麻疯树(Jatropha curcas L.)核糖体失活蛋白(curcin)是存在于麻疯树种子中的一种毒性较强的蛋白,它与蓖麻毒蛋白和相思子毒蛋白的性质相似,属Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白.从麻疯树种子中分离得到一种分子量为28.2 kD的蛋白质,其对无细胞系统中蛋白质合成的抑制活性较强,IC50为(0.19±0.01)nmol/L,具有RNA N-糖苷酶活性.依据curcin的N端部分氨基酸设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR和5'-RACE技术从未成熟种子总RNA中克隆到curcin全长cDNA序列.该cDNA全长由1 173个碱基组成,包含一个编码293个氨基酸的前体蛋白,前42个氨基酸为信号肽.推测的多肽序列与测定的蛋白质N端序列相同,与多种己发表的Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白和Ⅱ型核糖体失活蛋白的A链有一定的同源性.将curcin的编码区与表达载体pQE-30相连后,转入大肠杆菌(Escherichia coil)M15菌株中得到了有效的表达.将表达的融合蛋白纯化后发现,它具有抑制无细胞系统蛋白质合成的能力.     

大鼠电子传递黄素蛋白-泛醌氧化还原酶cDNA的克隆、功能表达和细胞定位

从大鼠肝线粒体纯化得到一个内膜结合蛋白, 经蛋白酶水解发现丰度最高的两个肽段含有相同的一个14肽序列. BLAST同源搜索找到了与这个14肽对应的大鼠基因组DNA. 利用RACE的方法得到一个完整开放阅读框的cDNA, 编码含616个氨基酸残基的蛋白质序列. 克隆得到的大鼠cDNA与人的ETF-QO具有很高的同源性. 通过序列比较发现克隆得到的cDNA对应大鼠ETF-QO的蛋白前体ETF-QOp, 而从大鼠肝线粒体纯化得到的内膜结合蛋白则是ETF-QO. 构建的pYES/ETF-QO在酵母中的表达产物富集于线粒体组分, 并具有ETF-QO的氧化-还原活性, 因此获得了ETF-QO在酵母中的功能表达, 表明ETF-QOp N端32肽是线粒体的引导肽, 且FAD及[4Fe-4S]被正确地组装. ETF-QO在大鼠的心、肝、肾表达较高, 而在脾与肺却很低. 在动物细胞中表达了ETF-QOp的GFP融合蛋白, 它在细胞内与线粒体的特异染料呈共定位.     

蓖麻蚕线粒体基因组细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅲ的序列及其分子进化分析

测定了蓖麻蚕Samia cynthia ricini线粒体基因组(mtDNA)含完整的细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅲ(COX3)、tRNA-Gly和部分的NADH亚基Ⅲ(ND3)基因的DNA片段序列。COX3基因编码框包含789个核苷酸,编码262个氨基酸的蛋白质。通过同源性比较,发现COX3基因的3′端比5′端要保守,其编码的蛋白在C端有两个保守序列存在。COX3的下游为66 bp的tRNA-Gly基因。蓖麻蚕的COX3与家蚕COX3同源性最高,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别是80.2%和85.6%。根据COX3氨基酸序列进行了12种无脊椎动物的分子进化树分析,认为在采用线粒体基因序列进行分子进化分析时,应该综合考虑物种的繁殖模式及生态特点。     

真菌细胞色素P450在大肠杆菌中的表达

【背景】真菌细胞色素P450蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达水平低甚至不表达,近期研究发现通过对该类蛋白氨基端(N端)氨基酸序列的修饰可优化其表达水平。【目的】在大肠杆菌系统中表达预测功能为P450酶的焦曲霉094102菌株的Au8002蛋白,为真菌P450蛋白在大肠杆菌表达系统中的N端氨基酸序列修饰策略提供有效依据。【方法】对野生型P450蛋白Au8002的氨基酸序列进行分析,对其N端序列进行了3种序列修饰,并在诱导蛋白表达时添加P450生物合成前体5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA),研究N端氨基酸序列修饰策略及前体添加对真菌P450在大肠杆菌中蛋白表达的影响。【结果】SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测结果显示,对目的蛋白进行的3种氨基酸序列修饰均使Au8002蛋白获得了表达,前体5-ALA的添加提高了目的蛋白表达量。其中对目的蛋白进行N端全长截短时可部分增加其可溶性,同时也验证了其特征性的CO结合能力。【结论】对预测为P450酶的菌株094102蛋白Au8002氨基端(N端)氨基酸序列的修饰有效解决了其在大肠杆菌内不表达的难题,实现了其可溶性表达;另一方面P450生物合成前体5-ALA的添加也能有效提高该类蛋白的表达水平,上述策略对改善其它该类蛋白在大肠杆菌内的表达水平具有借鉴意义。     

小麦返白系胆色素原脱氨酶纯化及编码cDNA序列分析

以小麦(Triticum aestivum)返白系F772为材料,通过粗提、加热处理、硫酸铵分级沉淀和凝胶柱层析等方法,对胆色素原脱氨酶（PBGD）进行了提取纯化,纯化倍数为1092,得率为15%.纯化的PBGD约为37 kD.对其部分生化性质的研究表明：高浓度的NH+4对酶活性有强烈的抑制,光照处理可以使酶活性降低.对纯化后的PBGD N末端氨基酸序列进行了测定.根据N端序列设计简并引物,获得了PBGD的cDNA全部编码区序列.它编码一个351个氨基酸的前体蛋白,有一个叶绿体导肽的序列.通过比较小麦PBGD与来自与其他物种的同源蛋白表明,有些氨基酸残基非常保守.     

Cloning, sequence analysis and heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris of a gene encoding a thermostable cellobiose dehydrogenase from Myriococcum thermophilum

We cloned and expressed a gene encoding a thermostable cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from the thermophilic ascomycete Myriococcum thermophilum. The 2904 bp long open reading frame contained six introns located either close to the 5′- or 3′-end of the ORF. The corresponding cDNA of 2487 bp was cloned into the expression vector pPICZαB to achieve inducible heterologous expression and secretion of the recombinant flavocytochrome in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Transformants were selected on media with normal and 10-fold increased zeocin concentration, and selected clones were tested for inducible extracellular production of the recombinant oxidoreductase. The maximally obtained volumetric activity was 0.25 U/ml in YPM (rich) medium and 2.15 U/ml in production stage (minimal) medium in a fed-batch fermentation. Recombinant CDH was purified in two consecutive chromatographic steps leading to a final specific activity of up to 7.4 U/mg protein at 40 °C. Kinetic properties of the recombinant CDH were characterized and the temperature optimum for the recombinant CDH was determined at 63 °C. Certain properties of the sequence of MtCDH are discussed in context with thermal and proteolytic stability.     

Characterization of Three Novel Human Cadherin Genes (CDH7, CDH19, and CDH20) Clustered on Chromosome 18q22–q23 and with High Homology to Chicken Cadherin-7

Full-length coding sequences of two novel human cadherin cDNAs were obtained by sequence analysis of several EST clones and 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) products. Exons for a third cDNA sequence were identified in a public-domain human genomic sequence, and the coding sequence was completed by 3′ RACE. One of the sequences (CDH7L1, HGMW-approved gene symbol CDH7) is so similar to chicken cadherin-7 gene that we consider it to be the human orthologue. In contrast, the published partial sequence of human cadherin-7 is identical to our second cadherin sequence (CDH7L2), for which we propose CDH19 as the new name. The third sequence (CDH7L3, HGMW-approved gene symbol CDH20) is almost identical to the mouse “cadherin-7” cDNA. According to phylogenetic analysis, this mouse cadherin-7 and its here presented human homologue are most likely the orthologues of Xenopus F-cadherin. These novel human genes, CDH7, CDH19, and CDH20, are localized on chromosome 18q22–q23, distal of both the gene CDH2 (18q11) encoding N-cadherin and the locus of the six desmosomal cadherin genes (18q12). Based on genetic linkage maps, this genomic region is close to the region to which Paget's disease was linked. Interestingly, the expression patterns of these three closely related cadherins are strikingly different.     

Expression of cellobiose dehydrogenase from Neurospora crassa in Pichia pastoris and its purification and characterization

A gene encoding cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from Neurospora crassa strain FGSC 2489 has been cloned and expressed in the heterologous host Pichia pastoris, under the control of the AOX1 methanol inducible promoter. Recombinant CDH without the native signal sequence and fused with a His₆-tag (rNC-CDH1) was successfully expressed and secreted. rNC-CDH1 was produced at the level of 652 IU/L after 2 days of cultivation in the induction medium. The His₆-tagged rNC-CDH1 was purified through a one-step Ni–NTA affinity column under non-denaturing conditions. The purified rNC-CDH1 has a CDH activity of 7451 IU/L (0.89 mg protein/mL), with a specific CDH activity of 8.37 IU/mg. The purity of the enzyme was examined by SDS–PAGE, and a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 120 kDa was observed. Activity staining confirmed the CDH activity of the protein band. The purified rNC-CDH1 has maximum CDH activity at pH 4.5, and a rather broad temperature optimum of 25–70 °C. Kinetic analysis showed cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides are the best substrates for rNC-CDH1. The K_m value of the rNC-CDH1 for cellooligosaccharide increases with the elongation of glucosyl units. k_cat remains relatively constant when the chain length changes.     

Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Catalytically Active Human Cytochrome P450 1A2:Rat NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Fusion Protein

An enzymatically active human cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2:rat NADPH-P450 reductase fusion protein was purified and partially characterized following heterologous expression inEscherichia coli. A cDNA was engineered to include the coding sequence for human P450 1A2 at its 5′ end (up to but not including the stop codon) fused in-frame to the coding sequence for a truncated (soluble) rat NADPH-P450 reductase at its 3′ end via an oligonucleotide sequence encoding the hydrophilic dipeptide Ser–Thr. This fusion plasmid was expressed inE. coliand the recombinant protein was purified from the detergent-solubilized membrane fraction via sequential DEAE, ADP–agarose, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies. The purified protein has the spectral characteristics of human P450 1A2 and cytochromecreduction activity comparable to rabbit NADPH-P450 reductase. The fusion protein catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufinO-deethylation and phenacetinO-deethylation to appreciable levels in the presence of NADPH and phospholipid. While these activities were comparable to those of other such P450:NADPH-P450 reductase fusion proteins, they were lower than those of the system reconstituted from its individual hemoprotein and flavoprotein components. Nevertheless, the production of a functional, catalytically self-sufficient monooxygenase inE. colienhances the prospect of using bacterial systems for production and characterization of human P450 drug metabolites as well as for biodegradation of chemicals in the environment.     

Cellobiose dehydrogenase from the ligninolytic basidiomycete Phlebia lindtneri

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH), an extracellular flavocytochrome produced by several wood-degrading fungi, was detected in the culture supernatant of the selective delignifier Phlebia lindtneri maintained on a cellulose-based liquid medium. Cellobiose dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity by a rapid procedure, using ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and chromatofocusing. The enzyme was recovered with a 61.2 fold increased specific activity and a yield of 47.5%. As determined by SDS-PAGE, the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was found to be 104.5 kDa and its isoelectric point was 4.0. The carbohydrate content of the purified enzymes was 22%. In this work, the cellobiose dehydrogenase gene cdh1 and its corresponding cDNA from fungi Phlebia lidnteri were isolated, cloned, and characterized. The 2319 bp full-length cDNA of cdh1 encoded a mature CDH protein containing 755 amino acids, which was preceded by a signal peptide of 17 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence of cdh1 shared significant similarity with other known fungal cellobiose dehydrogenase.     

Cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of the genes for carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of Methanothrix soehngenii

The cdhA and cdhB genes that code for the large and the small subunits of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CDH), respectively, were isolated from a genomic library of Methanothrix soehngenii DNA in Escherichia coli, using polyclonal antibodies raised against purified CDH. After introduction in E. coli or Desulfovibrio vulgaris, the cdh genes appeared to be expressed irrespective of their orientation, yielding immunoreactive proteins of 79 and 19 kDa, corresponding in size to the known subunits of purified CDH. However, no CDH activity could be detected in these heterologous hosts. The cdh genes are preceded by consensus ribosome-binding sites and are arranged in an operon-like structure, with cdhA preceding cdhB. Upstream from this operon, sequences similar to archaeal promoters were identified. The amino acid sequence, deduced from the primary sequence of cdhA, showed homology with ferredoxins and with acyl-CoA oxidase. This is compatible with the proposed functions of CDH.     

Antenatal imatinib treatment reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling in a rat model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

The pathophysiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is constituted by pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH). We previously reported successful treatment with imatinib of a patient with CDH. This study examines the effect of antenatal imatinib administration on the pulmonary vasculature in a rat model of CDH. Pregnant rats were given nitrofen to induce CDH. Controls were given olive oil. Half of the CDH fetuses and half of the controls were treated with imatinib antenatally E17-E21, rendering four groups: Control, Control+Imatinib, CDH, and CDH+Imatinib. Lung sections were obtained for morphometry and immunohistochemistry, and protein was purified for Western blot. Effects of nitrofen and imatinib on Ki-67, caspase-3, PDGF-B, and PDGF receptors were analyzed. Imatinib significantly reduced medial wall thickness in pulmonary arteries of rats with CDH. It also normalized lumen area and reduced the proportion of fully muscularized arteries. Imatinib also caused medial thinning in the control group. Cell proliferation was increased in CDH, and this proliferation was significantly reduced by imatinib. PDGF-B and PDGFR-β were upregulated in CDH, and imatinib treatment resulted in a downregulation. PDGFR-α remained unchanged in CDH but was significantly downregulated by imatinib. Antenatal imatinib treatment reduces development of medial wall thickness and restores lumen area in pulmonary arteries in nitrofen-induced CDH. The mechanism is reduced cell proliferation. Imatinib is an interesting candidate for antenatal therapy for PH in CDH, but potential side effects need to be investigated and more specific targeting of PDGF signaling is needed.     

Cloning of cDNA Encoding Rat Spermatidal Protein TP2 and Expression inEscherichia coli

Rat spermatidal protein TP2 is a basic nuclear protein containing two atoms of zinc bound per molecule. We report here cloning of complementary DNA encoding rat TP2 by the RT-PCR method. The nucleotide sequence of cloned TP2 cDNA differs at a few positions from the sequence already reported in the literature. We have cloned rat TP2 cDNA into the expression vector pTrc 99A. Upon induction with 1 mMIPTG, there was a low level of expression of TP2 which could be recovered in the soluble form. Recombinant TP2 was purified from the soluble extract ofE. coliusing nickel–agarose and heparin–agarose chromatography and was shown to be identical to native rat TP2 as revealed by immunoblotting with anti-rat TP2 antibodies and radioactive⁶⁵Zn-blotting.     

Cloning and characterization of a thermostable cellobiose dehydrogenase from Sporotrichum thermophile.

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is an extracellular hemoflavoenzyme produced by several wood-degrading fungi. CDH contains one heme b and one FAD per molecule and oxidizes cellobiose to cellobionolactone in the presence of cytochrome c. In this report, a thermostable CDH from the thermophilic ascomycete Sporotrichum thermophile has been purified, cloned, and characterized. The temperature optimum for this CDH reaction was 60 degrees C, and the activation energy for the reaction was 26.3 kJ/mol. The Km and kcat were temperature-dependent and increased as reaction temperature increased. These kinetic properties prove that this CDH is truly thermophilic. A 2.8-kb cDNA was isolated by screening an expression library of S. thermophile with a polyclonal antisera raised against Phanerochaete chrysosporium CDH. The cDNA encoded an 807-amino-acid protein with a predicted mass of 86,332 Da. S. thermophile CDH is organized into three domains, an N-terminal flavin domain, a middle heme domain, and a C-terminal cellulose-binding domain, which shows sequence similarity with the cellulose-binding domains of endoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases from Trichoderma reesei. Comparison with the CDH sequences of P. chrysosporium and Trametes versicolor identified Met 95 and His 143 as potential heme coordinations. EFIG, LGGPM, and VNSTH motifs in the heme domain and the XRXPXTDXPSXDGXRY motif in the flavin domain were identified as CDH-specific motifs. With regard to the amino acid composition, S. thermophile CDH has more disulfide linkages and acidic and basic amino acids compared to CDHs from P. chrysosporium and T. versicolor.