油茶白绢病原菌齐整小核菌分子检测的研究

目的：设计特异性引物建立油茶白绢病齐整小核菌的快速分子检测体系。方法：扩增齐整小核菌核糖体DNA ITS区并测定其序列,比较该序列与GenBank中近似种的ITS序列差异,设计了特异性引物BF1和BR2。结果：该引物可以从齐整小核菌中扩增得到约540bp特异性条带,而扩增其它近似或相关菌株时没有相应的特异性条带。在25μL PCR反应体系中,引物BF1和BR2检测灵敏度为1pg浓度DNA。结论：利用设计的BF1和BR2特异性引物结合PCR方法可快速的扩增出齐整小核菌DNA,检测灵敏度为1pg.但在生产实践中诊断油茶白绢病发病前组织中的齐整小核菌还需要进一步研究。     

齐整小核菌胞外多糖的研究*

鉴定了一株产胞外多糖的齐整小核菌,经纸层析、旋光度和红外光谱研究表明。该菌产生的多糖是由葡萄糖按β-键形成的多聚糖,可耐受高温、高盐和较广范圈的pH,具良好的增粘性和剪切稀释性能。     

齐整小核菌内源小核菌胶水解酶的挖掘及其功能验证

小核菌胶是一种高分子水溶性微生物胞外多糖,主要用于石油开采、食品加工、医药制造和化妆品等领域.由微生物发酵法生产的小核菌胶分子量较高,存在溶解性低、粘度高和分散性差等问题,对提取、保存和应用带来了一系列困难.研究用于改性小核菌胶分子量的降解方式对扩大小核菌胶的工业应用具有重要意义.文中以齐整小核菌Sclerotium ...     

发酵法生产小核菌多糖

本文报道小核菌多糖产生菌株的筛选及一株齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)No.1产生胞外多糖的条件。在16升自控罐发酵试验中,多糖产量达14.14g/l,多糖对底物的转化率为47.52%。     

基于Golden Gate技术的齐整小核菌转录单元高效组装系统

【目的】为齐整小核菌代谢工程研究建立高效的转录单元组装系统。【方法】通过应用Golden Gate技术,以mobius assembly为基础,分别设计并构建DNA元件标准化接口改造、单转录单元组装、应用质粒(多转录单元)组装等功能的载体,从而形成一套完整的多转录单元组装系统。【结果】构建了2个用于DNA元件标准化接口改造的Level 0载体,4个用于单转录单元组装的Level 1载体,4个用于应用质粒组装的Level 2载体和13个应用质粒组装的辅助质粒。然后应用此系统为齐整小核菌组装了若干经过标准化接口改造的DNA元件质粒、单转录单元质粒和硬葡聚糖相关基因的功能分析质粒。所构建的最终应用质粒可以同时适用于齐整小核菌的根癌农杆菌介导转化法、电穿孔转化法和原生质体转化法。【结论】此质粒系统具有强大的DNA设计、组装和容纳能力,为未来齐整小核菌代谢工程和功能基因组学研究提供了高效的质粒构建技术平台。     

电穿孔法转化完整酵母的研究

本文用酿酒酵母（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ）作材料,探讨了电穿孔转化完整酵母的几个条件。其中电场强度及脉冲时间是两个最重要的参数。在２ｋｖ／ｃｍ,９ｍｓ时获得１０＾４转化子／ｕｇＤＮＡ的转化率。转化率还与所采用的菌株与质粒等条件有关。此技术简便迅速。     

电穿孔介导小干扰RNA高效转染小鼠附植前胚胎

使用Cy3标记的阴性对照小干扰RNA(siRNA)转染小鼠附植前胚胎,建立向小鼠附植前胚胎导入siRNA的电穿孔方法。通过控制透明带弱化程度、电压、脉冲时间和脉冲次数等条件,采用不同参数组合并结合使用不同介质作为电转缓冲液将Cy3标记的阴性对照siRNA转染小鼠附植前胚胎。在荧光倒置显微镜下,观察胚胎的存活率、siRNA转染率以及阳性转染存活胚胎的囊胚发育率。结果显示小鼠附植前胚胎在使用台氏液消化胚胎透明带10 s后,以opti-MEM作为电转缓冲液,电穿孔参数设置为30 V,1 ms,3次的条件下取得最佳转染效果。总之,电穿孔方法可实现siRNA简便、高效地转染小鼠附植前胚胎。     

树突状细胞电穿孔法转染条件的优化

目的将带有EGFP的质粒电转入树突状细胞,探讨不同电转条件对树突状细胞的电转率和存活率影响。方法分离人外周血单核细胞加入刺激因子将其诱导为成熟DC,设置不同电转参数将质粒转入树突状细胞,荧光显微镜检测转染效率及细胞存活率。结果电转48小时后,镜下观察在电转条件为300V,20ms时,细胞存活率及表达率最高,结论选择适当的电转参数及细胞浓度,可明显提高转染效率同时降低细胞死亡率。     

附子白绢病菌拮抗菌的鉴定、发酵条件优化及抑菌效果

【背景】附子白绢病是由齐整小核菌(Sclerotiumrolfsii)引起的一种土传细菌性病害,该病原菌严重影响附子的生产。【目的】筛选出对附子白绢病具有生防效果的菌株,并将其用于病害防治。【方法】利用平板涂布法和划线法从黄粉虫蛹体分离菌株,平板对峙法筛选对齐整小核菌具有较强拮抗能力的菌株,通过形态学观察、生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因测序分析确定其分类地位;以单因素试验对发酵条件进行优化,并初步测定拮抗菌的菌悬液、挥发性气体和发酵液对齐整小核菌菌丝的抑制效果。【结果】筛选出的拮抗菌株将其编号为N2,初步鉴定为暹罗芽孢杆菌(Bacillus siamensis);菌株N2最佳培养基配方(g/L)：胰蛋白胨10.0,酵母浸粉5.0,蔗糖20.0;最佳培养条件：初始pH 6.0,温度36℃,转速240 r/min,装液量30 mL,接菌量0.05%;其菌悬液、挥发性气体和发酵液均能有效抑制白绢病菌菌丝的生长;胞外酶测定结果显示该菌株可产生蛋白酶和纤维素酶,不产嗜铁素。【结论】菌株N2对附子白绢病具有较好的抑制效果,在生物防治中具有较好的应用潜力和较高的研究价值。     

Two mannanases from Sclerotium rolfsii in total chlorine free bleaching of softwood kraft pulp

The plant pathogenic basidiomycete Sclerotium rolfsii produces a wide range of extracellular hemicellulolytic enzymes. To study the effect of β-mannanases in total chlorine free bleaching of softwood pulp, two purified β -mannanases from S. rolfsii, with molecular masses of 42 and 61 kDa, a xylanase preparation from S. rolfsii and combinations of these were tested in a O(QX)P bleaching sequence (O = oxygen delignification, X = treatment with enzymes, Q = chelation of metals, P = treatment with hydrogen peroxide in alkaline solution). A brightness increase of 1.6 and 1.9% ISO was obtained with the 42 and 61 kDa mannanase and a combination of each of these enzymes with xylanases gave a brightness increase of 2.5 and 2.8% ISO, respectively. The effect of mannanases and xylanases was nearly additive. Both mannanases alone caused a lower decrease of the kappa number as compared to xylanases. The mannanases differed in their ability to release oligosaccharides from different mannans. The 61 kDa mannanase liberated larger fragments and caused rapid depolymerisation of mannans, which seems to promote the bleaching of pulp.     

Electroporation-mediated transformation of Aeromonas hydrophila

A strain of Aeromonas hydrophila producing copolyesters of 3-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxyhexanoate, abbreviated as PHBHHx, was successfully transformed by electroporation. The plasmid used was a broad host range plasmid pBBR1MCS. Electroporation conditions were varied systemically to develop an electroporation protocol. The optimal yield of transformant was approximately 4x10(2) CFU/microg DNA at 12.5 kV/cm and 1000 Omega, resulting in a time constant of approximately 5 ms. The A. hydrophila transformants expressed plasmid-encoded resistance to chloromphenicol. Plasmid DNA in the A. hydrophila transformant was stably maintained. This is the first report of transformation of bacteria A. hydrophila.     

根癌农杆菌介导真菌遗传转化的研究及应用

根癌农杆菌介导转化法（Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation,ATMT）具有转化效率高、遗传稳定、适用范围广等诸多优点,已成为真菌遗传转化研究中的强有力手段,在真菌基因资源开发、真菌性疾病研究和外源蛋白表达研究中发挥巨大作用。本文概述了根癌农杆菌转化法在真菌转化中的研究进展、技术优缺点、转化机制、实验方法和应用现状,着重介绍影响其转化效率的因素并对优化方法进行探讨,展望了该技术在真菌基因资源发掘、基因编辑等方面的应用前景,为今后真菌的遗传转化研究提供参考。     

Cesariella, a new genus of Laboulbeniales

Cesariella graeca gen. sp. nov. is described to accommodate a new species of the Laboulbeniales (Fungi, Ascomycota) parasitic on the endogean ground beetles Reicheadella aetolica and R. bischoffi (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Greece. Cesariella is distinguished from the allied genus Laboulbenia by the presence of two cells borne on the inner side of cell III, and by the presence of a conspicuous remnant of the spore apex protruding laterally near the base of the appendage.     

Chaetosphaeria tortuosa, the newly discovered teleomorph of Menispora tortuosa, with a key to known Menispora species

Chaetosphaeria tortuosa is described as the newly discovered teleomorph of Menispora tortuosa, based on specimens from Canada and the Czech Republic, and single spore isolations from both morphs. The fungus produces superficial, more or less globose, papillate, dark brown to black smooth perithecia (200–)220–250 × (220–)230–260 μm. The asci are unitunicate, 8-spored, cylindrical-fusiform, (110–)120–133(–145) × 12–14 with a distinct apical, nonamyloid annulus 1–1.5 μm high, 3.5–4 μm wide. The ascospores are fusiform, 19–24 × 5–6 μm, hyaline, 3-septate, smooth, and 2-seriate in the ascus. The morphology of the teleomorph and anamorph are similar to that of C. ovoidea (anamorph: M. glauca), differing in dimensions of asci and ascospores, and in the disposition and morphology of the phialides of the anamorphs. The generic concept and phylogeny of Menispora is briefly discussed, and a key to the 11 species currently accepted in the genus is provided.     

New species of Phaeoramularia, Pseudocercospora and Stenella from Western Ghats of India

Four new species of the hyphomycete genera Phaeoramularia viz. Ph. caesalpinae, Pseudocercospora viz., Ps. tiliacearum, Stenella, viz. S. argyreiae and S. grewiae occurring on Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Caesalpiniaceae), Grewia sp. (Tiliaceae), Argyrea sp. Lour (Convolvulaceae) and Grewia sp. L. (Tiliaceae), respectively are described and illustrated here. All these fungi were collected from Western Ghats of India.     

The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited

Results of molecular studies regarding the phylogenetic placement of the order Ostropales and related taxa within Lecanoromycetes were thus far inconclusive. Some analyses placed the order as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, while others inferred a position nested within Lecanoromycetes. We assembled a data set of 101 species including sequences from nuLSU rDNA, mtSSU rDNA, and the nuclear protein-coding RPB1 for each species to examine the cause of incongruencies in previously published phylogenies. MP, minimum evolution, and Bayesian analyses were performed using the combined three-region data set and the single-gene data sets. The position of Ostropales nested in Lecanoromycetes is confirmed in all single-gene and concatenated analyses, and a placement as sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes is significantly rejected using two independent methods of alternative topology testing. Acarosporales and related taxa (Acarosporaceae group) are basal in Lecanoromycetes. However, if the these basal taxa are excluded from the analyses, Ostropales appear to be sister to the rest of Lecanoromycetes, suggesting different ingroup rooting as the cause for deviating topologies in previously published phylogenies.     

农杆菌介导的棉花枯萎病菌转化体系的优化

【背景】海岛棉相对陆地棉更易感枯萎病,一旦发生很难根治,使得枯萎病逐渐成为威胁新疆海岛棉产业发展的主要病害,但其致病机理目前还不是十分明确。【目的】揭示棉花枯萎病菌的遗传变异和致病机理,同时获得带有绿色荧光蛋白(Green Fluorescent Protein,GFP)标记的棉花枯萎病菌转化子用于观察其侵染海岛棉的途径。【方法】采用农杆菌介导的遗传转化(Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation,ATMT)方法,对棉花枯萎病菌7号生理小种st89进行了遗传转化并对转化条件进行优化。【结果】农杆菌介导的遗传转化法转化棉花枯萎病菌的最佳条件为:150 mg/L的潮霉素浓度能完全抑制棉花枯萎病菌的生长,浓度为200 mg/L的头孢噻肟钠能完全抑制农杆菌LBA4404生长,农杆菌起始浓度OD₆₀₀为0.2,农杆菌预培养时间为8 h,棉花枯萎病菌分生孢子浓度为10⁵个/mL,枯萎病菌孢子悬液和农杆菌LBA4404比例为1:1,乙酰丁香酮浓度为200μmol/mL,共培养时间为4 d,转化后培养温...