龙眼独活中的一个新二萜成分

从四川产木属(Aralia)草本植物龙眼独活(Aralia fargesii Franch.)根茎的石油醚提取部分分离得到4个二萜化合物,根据理化性质测定和各种光谱(IR、EI-MS、HREI-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR和HMQC)数据分析,它们的结构分别鉴定为17-acetoxy-16α-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (1), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (2), 16α-hydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid (3) 和16α-17-dihydroxy-ent-kauran-19-oic acid (4).化合物1为新化合物,3为首次从该属植物中分离得到,2～4为首次从龙眼独活中分离得到.     

檵木化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱、ODS和凝胶柱色谱进行分离纯化,通过理化方法和波谱分析进行结构鉴定。从檵木(Loro-petalum chinense(R.Br.)oliver)茎叶中分离并鉴定了六个化合物:植物醇(1)、glycerol 1-(14-methlpentadecano-ate)(2)、methyl-(7R,8R)-4-hydroxy-8′,9′-dinor-4′,7-epoxy-8,3′-neolignan-7′-ate(3)、trans-p-coumaric acid ethylester(4)、落叶松树脂酸(laricinolic acid)(5)、tiliroside(6)。除化合物1外,其余化合物均为首次从檵木中分离得到,化合物2、3首次从该属中分离得到。     

龙眼独活中的一个新二萜成分

从四川产木属 (Aralia)草本植物龙眼独活 (AraliafargesiiFranch .)根茎的石油醚提取部分分离得到 4个二萜化合物 ,根据理化性质测定和各种光谱 (IR、EI_MS、HREI_MS、1H NMR、13 C_NMR和HMQC)数据分析 ,它们的结构分别鉴定为 17_acetoxy_16α_ent_kauran_19_oicacid (1) ,ent_pimara_8(14) ,15_dien_19_oicacid (2 ) ,16α_hydroxy_(- )_kauran_19_oicacid (3)和 16α_17_dihydroxy_ent_kauran_19_oicacid (4 )。化合物 1为新化合物 ,3为首次从该属植物中分离得到 ,2～ 4为首次从龙眼独活中分离得到     

赤芝子实体的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

采用硅胶及凝胶柱色谱方法从赤芝(Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.)子实体的乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,通过波谱数据及理化性质分别鉴定为赤芝萜醇A(lucidumol A,1)、麦角甾醇(ergosterol,2)、麦角甾醇棕榈酸酯(ergosteryl palmitate,3)、棕榈酸(palmitic acid,4)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,5)、硬脂酸(stearic acid,6)、油酸(oleic acid,7)、α-羟基-24-烷酸(α-hydroxytetracosanoic acid,8)、2-羟基-二十四烷酸乙酯(2-hydroxytetracosanoic ethyl ester,9)以及2-羟基-二十四烷酸甲酯(2-hydroxytetracosanoic methyl ester,10)。其中,化合物9~10首次从该属植物中分离得到,4~8首次从该植物中分离得到。     

芒果叶化学成分研究Ⅲ

为了解芒果(Mangifera indica L.)的化学成分,从芒果叶70%乙醇提取物中分离鉴定了8个单体化合物,经波谱分析,分别鉴定为:5-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-2-hydroxy benzoic acid methyl ester(1)、methyl salicylate glucoside(2)、对羟基苯甲酸(3)、nikoenoside(4)、(6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-β-D-glucopyranoside(5)、byzantionoside B(6)、icariside B2(7)和2-ethyl-3-methylmaleimide N-β-D-glucopyranoside(8)。化合物1、2、4~7均为首次从芒果属中分离得到,化合物8首次从该种中分离得到,化合物1的NMR数据是首次报道。     

中国人参花化学成分研究

目的:对人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.)花蕾的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用多种柱色谱技术进行分离纯化,并通过波谱分析方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果:分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别鉴定为咖啡碱(1)、胡萝卜苷(2)、豆甾醇3-O-葡萄糖苷(3)、α-菠甾醇(4)、7-豆甾烯-3β-醇(5)、人参皂苷Rk3(6)、人参皂苷Re(7)、人参皂苷Rg2(8)、谷甾醇(9)结论:其中化合物1为五加科植物中首次分离得到,化合物3、4、5为人参花中首次分离得到。     

小叶米仔兰枝条中的抗菌活性成分研究

为探讨小叶米仔兰(Aglaia odorata var.microphyllina)中的抗菌活性成分,从其枝条的乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物,通过波谱分析,分别鉴定为:4(15)-桉叶烯-1β,7,11-三醇(1)、4α,10β,11-三羟基-1,5-反-愈创木烷-6-烯(2)、6,15α-环氧-1β,4β-二羟基桉烷(3)、2-羟基-丁二酸-1-甲酯(4)、巴西红厚壳素(5)和胡萝卜苷(6)。以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物1、2、4和5为首次从米仔兰属植物中分离得到。用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定了化合物1~5的抗菌活性,结果显示化合物4和5对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用。     

铁甲草化学成分的初步研究

采用硅胶柱色谱分离方法,研究了铁甲草(Cassia mimosoides Linn.)乙醇提取物中的化学成分.从铁甲草中分离得到8个化合物:大黄素(1)、木犀草素(2)、间苯二酚(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、(R)-鹰爪三醇(5)、α-L-鼠李糖(6)、β-谷甾醇(7)和胡萝卜苷(8).除化合物1以外,其余均是首次从铁甲草中分离得到,其中化合物5为首次在该科植物中发现.     

短角湿生冷水花化学成分的研究

为研究短角湿生冷水花(Pilea aquarum subsp.brevicornuta)化学成分。实验采用色谱法从中分离得到7个化合物,包括5个五环三萜、一个甾醇和一个木脂素。利用波谱学方法鉴定了它们的结构,分别鉴定为pilearbornol(1)、rubiarbonone D(2)、camarolide(3)、表齐墩果酸(4)、齐墩果酮酸(5)、5,8-epidioxy-(3β,5α,8α,22E)-ergosta-6,9(11),22-trien-3-ol(6)和桉脂素(7)。其中,化合物1和2属于乔木萜烷型(arborane)三萜,化合物1为新化合物,化合物2的绝对构型首次通过X-射线单晶衍射得到了确定。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,这也是首次从荨麻科植物中分离得到乔木萜烷型三萜化合物。     

血满草化学成分研究

从傣药血满草(Sambucus adnata Wall)干燥全草的甲醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物,通过分析核磁共振波谱数据及理化性质分别鉴定为7个五环三萜:熊果酸(1)、齐墩果酸(2)、α-香树脂醇(3)、13β-羟基-11-烯-熊果酸(4)、28-羟基-α-香树脂醇(5)、2α,23-二羟基-熊果酸(6)、2α,3α,23-三羟基-熊果酸(7),1个木脂素:4-O-甲基雪松素(8)和1个甾醇苷:β-胡萝卜苷(9)。其中化合物4～9为首次从血满草中分离得到。     

Utilisation of the MVA pathway to produce elevated levels of the sesquiterpene α-copaene in potato tubers

Potato flavour is a complex trait resulting from the presence of a combination of volatile and non-volatile compounds. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of specifically altering the volatile content of tubers and assess its impact on flavour. Tuber-specific over-expression of a potato α-copaene synthase gene resulted in enhanced levels (up to 15-fold higher than controls) of the sesquiterpene α-copaene. A positive correlation (R² = 0.8) between transgene expression level and α-copaene abundance was observed. No significant changes in the levels of volatiles other than α-copaene were detected. Non-volatile flavour compounds (sugars, glycoalkaloids, major umami amino acids and 5′-ribonucleotides) were also determined. Relationships between flavour compounds and sensory evaluation data were investigated. Evaluators could not detect any aroma differences in the transgenic samples compared with controls and no significant differences in taste attributes were found. Thus although successful engineering of potato tubers to accumulate high levels of the flavour volatile α-copaene was achieved, sensory analysis suggests that α-copaene is not a major component of potato flavour.     

The sesquiterpene α-copaene is induced in tomato leaves infected by Botrytis cinerea

Abstract

Explorative experiments were done to investigate the possibility that tomato plants infected by Botrytis cinerea have a different emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) than healthy plants. This was done by headspace analysis of volatiles emitted by detached leaves of infected and healthy plants. Principal component analysis (PCA) of GC-FID chromatograms revealed clearly separated clusters between infected and control leaves and identification of an interesting compound. In further analysis by GC-MS, the significantly distinctive component (p≤0.05) was identified as the sesquiterpene α-copaene. In previous work on herbivore damage, α-copaene was not distinctive, which may suggest that α-copaene may be specifically associated to fungal infections in tomato.     

Composition of turpentine from Pinus edulis wood oleoresin

Monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons of Pinus edulis wood oleoresin were analyzed by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Monoterpenoid hydrocarbons (20·3%) were composed mainly of α-pinene, with camphene, β-pinene, 3-carene, sabinene, myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, trans-ocimene and terpinolene in secondary to trace amounts. Oxygenated terpenoids (0.28%) contained bornyl acetate and verbenone as major constituents, and linalool, camphor, terpinene-4-ol, citronellyl acetate, borneol, neral, α-terpineol, citronellol, nerol, and geraniol in smaller amounts. Oleoresin contained 1·1% of acetogenins, composed mainly of ethyl caprylate. Sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons were high (5·7%) in oleoresin) and were composed of germacrene D as a major constituent (36·6%), of γ-amorphene, α-copaene, and longifolene as secondary constituents (5–20%), and β-farnesene, α- and γ-murolenes, β₁-, γ-, δ-, and ε-cadinenes, α-amorphene, δ-guaiene, sibirene, α-cubebene, β-copaene, β-ylangene, sativene, cyclosativene, β-bourbonene, α- and γ-humulenes, caryophyllene, α-longipinene and longicyclene in smaller amounts. Composition of P. edulis and of P. monophylla turpentines was found to be similar, with percentage of ethyl caprylate being the best distinguishing criterion.     

Essential oil of Psiadia salviifolia

Utilizing GLC, IR, combined GC-MS, the following constituents were identified in the essential oil of Psiadia salviifolia; β-pinene, limonene, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, α-copaene, linalool, β-bourbonene, α-himachalene, γ-cadinene, δ-cadinene, -γ-elemene, and a hydroxy derivative of calamenene. A new monoterpene hydrocarbon was also isolated which from MS and IR evidence was named as 7-methyl-3-methylene-octa-1,4-diene.     

荔枝核的五个苷类成分

通过溶剂分部和多种色谱分离,从荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)核中得到5个苷类成分。经光谱分析及与文献数据对照,分别鉴定为(-)-松脂素4-O-β- D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (1)、苯乙基β- D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (2)、乙基β- D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (3)、乙基α- D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (4)和胞苷 (5)。它们均为首次从荔枝核中分离得到。     

The essential oil of ginger from Fiji

The essential oil of ginger (Zingiber officinale) from Fiji was analysed by GC-MS and a number of sesquiterpenes not reported previously in ginger oil were identified including α-copaene, β-bourbonene, α-bergamotene, α-selinene, calamenene and cuparene. The composition of the oil was unusual in having a much higher neral and geranial content than oils reported from India, Australia, Japan and Africa.     

Host plant influence on the mating success of male Mediterranean fruit flies: variable effects within and between individual plants

Observations of field-caged guava trees, Psidium guajava, revealed that males of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata, occasionally formed tight aggregations on the trunk and branches of certain trees. Males at these aggregation sites (stations) appeared to feed on the bark, and chemical analyses showed that stations contained high levels of the male attractant α-copaene whereas ‘nonstations’ on the same tree lacked this chemical. Previous work showed that male medflies exposed to pure α-copaene had a mating advantage over unexposed males. Here, we present data showing that the occurrence of stations is highly variable both within and between individual guava trees. Concurrent mating trials showed that male medflies exposed to entire guava trees containing stations or to individual stations for 3 h gained a mating advantage over unexposed males in tests conducted 1 or 3 days following exposure. In contrast, males exposed to entire trees lacking stations or only to nonstations on trees with stations had similar mating success as unexposed males. Additional experiments showed that exposure to guava leaves had no effect on male mating frequency but that exposure to fruits enhanced male mating success. The discussion considers potential mechanisms underlying the plant-induced increase in mating success and potential effects of α-copaene and other plant-borne compounds on the spacing of medfly leks in the environment.     

圆柏叶精油化学成分的研究

从柏科植物的圆柏中检出14个成分,占总量的90.1％。其主要成分为α-罗勒烯,含量59.97％。     

Studies on the Chemical Constituents of the Hydrocarbon Fraction of the Essential Oils from Caryopteris tangutica and C. Glutinosa

The chemical constituents of the hydrocarbon fraction of essential oils of Caryopteris tangutica Maxim. and C. glutinosa Rehd were examined by means of GC-MS-COM and GC retention time data on a 45 m capillary column coated with OV- 101. 21 components have been saparated and identified, i.e. α-thujene, α-pinene, cam- phene, sabinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, α-terpinene, p-cymene, limonene, β-ocimene-y, β- phellandrene, α-terpinolene, α-cubebene, α-copaene, α-cedrene, β-caryophyllene, γ-cadinene, 1-aromadendrene, α-humulene, β-bisabolene and δ-cadinene. The quantitative determination of these components was carried out by GLC also.