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1.
Before antibiotics, sera from immune animals and humans were used to treat a variety of infectious diseases, often with successful
results. After the discovery of antimicrobial agents, serum therapy for bacterial infections was rapidly forsaken. In the
last two decades, problems with treatment of newly emerged, reemerged, or persistent infectious diseases necessitated researchers
to develop new and/or improved antibody-based therapeutic approaches. This article reviews some information on the use of
antibodies for the treatment of infectious diseases, with special reference to the most seminal discoveries and current advances
as well as available treatment approaches in this field. 相似文献
2.
成簇的规律间隔的短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白9〔clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9),CRISPR/Cas9〕是一种新兴的基因编辑技术,与以前的三大基因编辑技术——归巢核酸内切酶、锌指核酸酶和转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶技术相比,其在靶向特异性、操作简便性、治疗彻底性、应用广泛性等方面具有更大的优势和发展潜力。艾滋病、乙型肝炎、疟疾等感染性疾病的治疗一直是医学上的重大难题,科学家正努力尝试利用CRISPR/Cas9技术解决这些医学难题。本文主要综述了CRISPR/Cas9技术在这些感染性疾病中应用的研究进展。 相似文献
3.
Kenyon Rainier Stebbins 《Medical anthropology quarterly》2001,15(2):147-170
This article reports on the recent growth of transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) in South America. Although some scholarly attention has been directed toward such growth in Asia and eastern Europe, South America has also been targeted by the TTCs' aggressive expansionist practices in recent years. Fighting "Big Tobacco" is entirely different from combating most public health problems. Unlike cigarettes, most infectious diseases and maternal and child health problems never provide profits to transnational corporations and governments. Also, most public health problems (with alcohol being another notable exception) are not exacerbated by extensive advertising campaigns that promote the cause of the health problems. Supported by data gathered during three months of fieldwork in Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Argentina in 1997, this article suggests that the TTCs' marketing strategies override cultural differences in the choices people make regarding smoking and health. Combining critical medical anthropology and public health, this article concludes that unless dramatic actions are taken, an avoidable outbreak of tobacco-related diseases will eventually reach epidemic proportions on the South American continent. It is also a "call to arms" for more medical anthropologists to investigate tobacco-related matters around the world. 相似文献
4.
代谢组学是定量描述生物内源性代谢物质的整体及其对内因和外因变化应答规律的的一门新学科。近年来,代谢组学技术在水产动物疾病中的研究备受关注,特别是为感染性疾病发生机制及防控研究提供了一种新的手段。本文介绍了代谢组学技术及其在水产动物研究中的应用,包括代谢组学技术在水产动物感染性疾病、细菌耐药及环境应激等方面应用进行综述,分析了代谢组学在水产动物疾病研究中面临的问题与挑战,并对未来水产动物代谢组学研究趋势进行了展望,以期为代谢组学技术在水产动物疾病发病机制和药物研发方面更深入的运用提供参考。 相似文献
5.
Understanding factors responsible for reemergence of diseases believed to have been controlled and outbreaks of previously
unknown infectious diseases is one of the most difficult scientific problems facing society today. Significant knowledge gaps
exist for even the most studied emerging infectious diseases. Coupled with failures in the response to the resurgence of infectious
diseases, this lack of information is embedded in a simplistic view of pathogens and disconnected from a social and ecological
context, and assumes a linear response of pathogens to environmental change. In fact, the natural reservoirs and transmission
rates of most emerging infectious diseases primarily are affected by environmental factors, such as seasonality or meteorological
events, typically producing nonlinear responses that are inherently unpredictable. A more realistic view of emerging infectious
diseases requires a holistic perspective that incorporates social as well as physical, chemical, and biological dimensions
of our planet’s systems. The notion of biocomplexity captures this depth and richness, and most importantly, the interactions
of human and natural systems. This article provides a brief review and a synthesis of interdisciplinary approaches and insights
employing the biocomplexity paradigm and offers a social–ecological approach for addressing and garnering an improved understanding
of emerging infectious diseases. Drawing on findings from studies of cholera and other examples of emerging waterborne, zoonotic,
and vectorborne diseases, a “blueprint” for the proposed interdisciplinary research framework is offered which integrates
biological processes from the molecular level to that of communities and regional systems, incorporating public health infrastructure
and climate aspects. 相似文献
6.
Van Velthuysen ML 《Parasitology today (Personal ed.)》1996,12(3):102-107
Numerous infectious diseases, among them several parasitic infectious, have been shown to be associated with glomerular disease, although the exact pathogenetic mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. In this article, Marie-Louise van Velthuysen reviews the work published on glomerulopathy associated with the most important parasitic infections, ie. malaria, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis and irypanosomiasis. 相似文献
7.
Fierz W 《Molecular biotechnology》1999,13(2):89-111
Serological laboratory diagnosis is inflicted with at least two kinds of basic problems. One type relates to the fact that
the serological diagnosis of infectious diseases is double indirect: First, to diagnose an infectious disease, the identification
of the microbial agent is sought that caused the disease. Second, to identify this infectious agent, the patient’s immune
response to potential agents is measured. So, the serological test is neither measuring directly disease nor the cause of
the disease, but the patient’s immune system. Another type of problem is based on the fact that each person’s immune system
is very individual. The exact physicochemical properties of antibodies are unique for each clone of antibodies. The way an
individual’s immune system sees an infectious agent depends not only on the genetic makeup of the person but also on the personal
experience from former encounters with infectious agents. Both types of problems lead to complexities in selecting the appropriate
test, in interpreting the results, and in standardizing serological tests. Therefore, a close collaboration of the laboratory
with the clinic is mandatory to avoid erroneous conclusions from serological test results, which might lead to wrong decisions
in patient care. 相似文献
8.
2015年3月,习近平主席亲自指示科技部召开了国家首次精准医学战略专家座谈会。鉴于我国在病原微生物学、免疫学、疫苗学及感染病学中的成就,本文从病因和机体免疫应答方面分析了我国开展精准感染病学的优势并提出主要切入点。通过对免疫基因组学的研究,结合环境因素及生活习惯的综合研究,将对控制感染性疾病作出创新性贡献,这具有全球性的重要价值。 相似文献
9.
To treat or not to treat: the case of tuberculosis 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
. Incomplete treatment of patients with infectious tuberculosis (TB) may not only lead to relapse but also to the development
of antibiotic resistant TB – one of the most serious health problems facing society today. In this article, we formulate one-strain
and two-strain TB models to determine possible mechanisms that may allow for the survival and spread of naturally resistant
strains of TB as well as antibiotic-generated resistant strains of TB. Analysis of our models shows that non-antibiotic co-existence
is possible but rare for naturally resistant strains while co-existence is almost the rule for strains that result from the
lack of compliance with antibiotic treatment by TB infected individuals.
Received 22 May 1995; received in revised form 28 February 1996 相似文献
10.
Hui EK 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2006,8(3):905-916
In the past two decades, humans have faced many new viral infectious agents in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Many factors contribute to the appearance of EIDs. These factors are complex but can be classified into three different categories: virus factors, human factors, and ecological factors. The factors contributing to the cause of such viral infectious diseases will be systematically reviewed in this article. 相似文献
11.
研究了一类传染病动力学模型,用摄动理论讨论了相应的非线性时滞问题,得到了被传染病感染的人群数与健康人群数比例的变化规律的渐近表达式,从而揭示了传染病的潜伏期和传染期对疾病传播的影响和作用.本文的研究为解决这一类非线性时滞模型提供了一种有效的方法. 相似文献
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14.
Wilson SM 《Parasitology today (Personal ed.)》1991,7(9):255-259
The detection of infectious disease-causing organisms is important for the initiation of effective treatment, in monitoring response to therapy and in epidemiological studies of disease of human or animal hosts. In this article Stuart Wilson primarily considers parasitic diseases, but much can be applied to infectious diseases in general. 相似文献
15.
Human rabies is one of the major public-health problems in China. The number of human rabies cases has increased dramatically in the last 15 years, partially due to the poor understanding of the transmission dynamics of rabies and the lack of effective control measures of the disease. In this article, in order to explore effective control and prevention measures we propose a deterministic model to study the transmission dynamics of rabies in China. The model consists of susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered subpopulations of both dogs and humans and describes the spread of rabies among dogs and from infectious dogs to humans. The model simulations agree with the human rabies data reported by the Chinese Ministry of Health. We estimate that the basic reproduction number for the rabies transmission in China and predict that the number of the human rabies is decreasing but may reach another peak around 2030. We also perform some sensitivity analysis of in terms of the model parameters and compare the effects of culling and immunization of dogs. Our study demonstrates that (i) reducing dog birth rate and increasing dog immunization coverage rate are the most effective methods for controlling rabies in China; and (ii) large scale culling of susceptible dogs can be replaced by immunization of them. 相似文献
16.
J Giesecke 《Mathematical biosciences》1991,107(2):149-153
The epidemiology of infectious diseases makes use of a number of terms, such as exposure, infected, carrier, attack rate, and immunity. Researchers who intend to model the spread of epidemics should be aware of the problems with some of these terms. The role played by inapparent, or subclinical, infections is receiving increased attention in infectious disease epidemiology. Patients with such infections may never be reported as cases, which could give rise to problems when, for example, data from national surveillance bodies are being used for modeling. The assignment of patients to different transmission groups must, in most cases, rely on self-reported data from the medical interview. This possible source of bias should be recognized. 相似文献
17.
Diagnosing prion diseases: needs, challenges and hopes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Soto C 《Nature reviews. Microbiology》2004,2(10):809-819
Prion diseases are among the most intriguing infectious diseases and are associated with unconventional proteinaceous infectious agents known as prions. Prions seem to lack nucleic acid and propagate by transmission of protein misfolding. The nature of prions and their unique mode of transmission present challenges for early diagnosis of prion diseases. In this article, state-of-the-art prion diagnostic techniques, together with the new strategies that are being used to develop sensitive, early and non-invasive diagnoses for these diseases are reviewed. 相似文献
18.
Genes,germs, and schizophrenia: an evolutionary perspective 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Literature on schizophrenia and other mental illnesses has emphasized the compatibility of evidence with genetic causation without adequately considering alternative hypotheses of disease causation. Although some studies from the mid-20th century reported associations between certain pathogens and schizophrenia, only recently has the possibility of infectious causation of schizophrenia again become an active focus of research. Infectious causation of schizophrenia is still, however, generally regarded as less well demonstrated than genetic causation. This article evaluates the evidence that has been used to support genetic and infectious causation. Our consideration of infectious causation focuses on the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii but also assesses other pathogens that may contribute to the development of some of the illnesses currently categorized as schizophrenia. Although evidence generally accepted as demonstrating genetic causation can be readily explained by hypotheses of infectious causation, some of the evidence implicating infectious causation cannot be similarly explained by genetic causation. This asymmetry indicates that a scientific approach to the causation of schizophrenia needs to put a greater emphasis on tests that distinguish hypotheses of genetic causation from those of infectious causation. 相似文献
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Margot W. Parkes Leslie Bienen Jaime Breilh Lee-Nah Hsu Marian McDonald Jonathan A. Patz Joshua P. Rosenthal Mazrura Sahani Adrian Sleigh David Waltner-Toews Annalee Yassi 《EcoHealth》2005,2(4):258-272
The increasing burden of emerging infectious diseases worldwide confronts us with numerous challenges, including the imperative
to design research and responses that are commensurate to understanding the complex social and ecological contexts in which
infectious diseases occur. A diverse group of scientists met in Hawaii in March 2005 to discuss the linked social and ecological
contexts in which infectious diseases emerge. A subset of the meeting was a group that focused on “transdisciplinary approaches”
to integrating knowledge across and beyond academic disciplines in order to improve prevention and control of emerging infections.
This article is based on the discussions of that group. Here, we outline the epidemiological legacy that has dominated infectious
disease research and control up until now, and introduce the role of new, transdisciplinary and systems-based approaches to
emerging infectious diseases. We describe four cases of transboundary health issues and use them to discuss the potential
benefits, as well as the inherent difficulties, in understanding the social–ecological contexts in which infectious diseases
occur and of using transdisciplinary approaches to deal with them.
The views expressed here by Marian McDonald and Josh Rosenthal are those of the authors and do not represent official views
or policies of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the National Institutes of Health. 相似文献