不同比例红蓝光对番茄幼苗生长和光合作用的影响

为了探索番茄幼苗生长发育对红蓝组合光的响应机制,本试验采用发光二极管(LED)精量调制光源,以番茄品种‘SV0313TG’为试材,设红光(R)、蓝光(B)和红蓝组合光(9R1B、6R1B、3R1B、1R1B、1R3B)7个处理,以白光为对照,研究不同比例红蓝光质对番茄幼苗生长、光合色素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数及根系活力的影响.结果表明:不同比例红蓝光质处理对番茄幼苗生长的影响具有明显差异.红光显著促进幼苗株高增加,比叶面积增大,胞间CO₂浓度提高,但PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Ф_PSⅡ)降低,根系生长受阻,根系活力下降,壮苗指数降低;蓝光下幼苗生长受到明显抑制,叶绿素含量降低,但叶绿素a/b 值升高;红蓝组合光有利于番茄幼苗的生长发育,3R1B处理下植株干物质量、叶绿素含量和光合性能均显著提高,幼苗生长健壮,壮苗指数最大.综上,红蓝组合光能够增加番茄幼苗叶片光合色素含量,提高光合效率,促进植株生长,尤以3R1B处理最佳.     

荧光粉激发型LED光对拟南芥生长发育的影响

在室内人工光源照射条件下, 探究150 μmol∙m^-2·s^-1光强下不同比例的红蓝光对拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)生长发育的影响。以哥伦比亚(Columbia-0)野生型拟南芥为研究对象, 采用荧光粉激发型LED作为植物生长光源, 以SrSiAlN₃为红色基底, 调节荧光粉添加量获得不同红蓝光谱, 考察不同光照条件下拟南芥萌发率、根长、株高、叶绿素含量和相对电导率等参数的变化规律。结果表明, 在荧光粉激发型LED光照调节下的拟南芥具有更高的萌发率、根长、株高、叶绿素含量和相对电导率, 且在红蓝光质比为2:1时萌发率(95.63%)和叶绿素含量(26.7)最高; 在红蓝光质比为4:5时根长(4.19 cm)较长; 在红蓝光质比为4:1时株高(15.5 cm)较高; 在红蓝光质比为4:5时相对电导率(40.5 S·m^-1)较大。研究结果表明相对平衡的光质(红蓝光质比为4:1)有利于拟南芥生长发育, 且减少蓝光比例对根系生长及叶绿素积累有一定的促进作用。研究表明不同光谱对模式植物拟南芥的生长发育有较明显的影响, 改变光谱组成可以对植物的生长发育起不同程度的调控作用。     

光质对红金钻试管苗生长的影响

以红金钻蔓绿绒试管苗为试材,探讨不同光质对红金钻蔓绿绒试管苗生长特性的影响、光合色素及荧光参数的变化趋势,探索试管苗生长发育对光质的响应机制,提升试管苗质量。采用LED精准配制光源,以荧光灯为对照,设置红、蓝、红蓝绿、红蓝光5个处理。结果表明,不同光质处理30 d后,蓝红绿复合光有利于红金钻蔓绿绒不定芽增殖、试管苗株高、总鲜重、总干重的增加,蓝光利于叶长、叶宽、茎粗的增加,红光利于根长的增加;叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、叶绿素总量及叶绿素a/b比值在红蓝绿复合光下处理下最大;叶绿素荧光参数(q_p, ETR, NPQ)在红蓝绿复合光处理下高于其它处理,蓝光次之,Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo各光质处理(除红光)下差异不明显,由荧光隶属函数值得出在红蓝绿复合光处理下最优。因此,可采用红:蓝:绿=7:1:1作为红金钻蔓绿绒组培的人工光源。     

不同光质LED光源对草莓光合特性、产量及品质的影响

以‘妙香7号’草莓品种为材料,利用LED精量调制光源,设红光、蓝光、黄光、白光、红/蓝/黄(7/2/1)、红/蓝(7/2) 5个处理,以白光为对照,测定了草莓叶片的光合与荧光参数、色素含量、果实产量、品质和根系活力指标,研究 500 μmol·m^-2·s^-1光强下不同光质处理对草莓光合特性、果实产量及品质的影响.结果表明： 红光处理有利于提高草莓叶片的净光合速率与蒸腾速率,而蓝光有减弱作用;气孔导度与胞间CO₂浓度均以蓝光处理效果最为显著.叶绿素荧光参数(F_o、F_m、Φ_PSⅡ)均在红光处理下最大,而F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o、F_m/F_o均在红/蓝/黄处理下最大;红/蓝/黄处理下草莓色素含量、果实产量和根系活力均显著高于其他处理.红光处理的可溶性固形物和维生素C含量均最高,且与红/蓝/黄处理差异不显著;蓝光处理有利于提高可滴定酸和蛋白质含量,而红/蓝/黄处理的固酸比最大.红/蓝/黄处理最有利于增加光合色素含量,提高果实产量,促进部分品质改善.     

不同LED光源对乌塌菜生长、光合特性及营养品质的影响

与传统光源相比,LED具有光谱可控、亮度高但发热量小、寿命长等优势.LED光源可实现光谱可控,通过调制光谱与植物的感光细胞最优结合来影响植物的生长发育与营养品质.本研究利用LED精量调制光源,以‘菊花小八叶’乌塌菜品种为试验材料,设红光、蓝光、红/蓝光(3/1)、红/蓝光(7/1)、白/红/蓝光(3/2/1)5个处理,以白光为对照,研究不同光质对乌塌菜生长、光合特性及品质的影响.结果表明： 红光有利于乌塌菜生物量和茎粗的增大,而蓝光有抑制作用;叶绿素含量以红/蓝光(7/1)处理最高,且叶绿素总量与红/蓝光比值呈正相关,虽然蓝光显著降低叶绿素含量,但提高了叶绿素 a/b 值;光合速率和蒸腾速率均以红光处理最高,与对照相比分别增加43.8%和55.1%,而蓝光处理下有较高的气孔导度及胞间CO₂浓度.不同光质处理对乌塌菜的荧光参数有较大影响,白光的F_v/F_m、F_v/F_o和Φ_PSⅡ均最大;红光可以提高可溶性糖含量,蓝光能提高可溶性蛋白含量,白光能增加维生素C含量.综合分析,红/蓝光(7/1)处理在增加叶片光合色素含量,提高光合速率,促进植株生长和改善营养品质方面为最优组合.     

光强和红蓝光配比对瓠瓜幼苗生长及生理生化特性的影响

以瓠瓜品种‘福州芋瓠’为试材,在南方塑料大棚内密闭式光照植物培养架中,以荧光灯作为共同对照(CK),采用发光二极管(LED)调制光谱能量分布,设置50、100、120μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1) 3个水平(表示为L50、L100、L120),红、蓝配比设置3∶7和7∶3等2个水平(表示为RB3∶7、RB7∶3),包括对照组共7个处理组合,各处理每天照光12h(8:00~20:00),研究不同光强和红蓝光配比对瓠瓜幼苗生长及其生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:(1)在处理7~14d时,瓠瓜幼苗叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量及其类胡萝卜素含量均随着处理天数的增加而增加,但处理后期,各色素指标有所下降。(2)光强一致时,红光比重大的处理组瓠瓜幼苗叶片可溶性糖含量较蓝光比重大的处理组增大更为显著;蓝光比重大的处理组的瓠瓜幼苗叶片可溶性蛋白质含量较红光比重大的处理组增大更为显著。(3)在光质红蓝配比分别RB3∶7、RB7∶3条件下,生长指标(株高、茎粗、叶面积、下胚轴长、壮苗指数和生物量)及若干生理生化特性(光合色素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和丙二醛含量)均随着光强的增大而显著提高,而MDA含量则显著降低。研究表明,瓠瓜幼苗在光强为120μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)下生长较好,且红蓝光配比为7∶3时更有利于瓠瓜幼苗的生长。     

不同光质对杉木组培苗生根的影响及其机理初探北大核心CSCD

以杉木优良无性系‘洋020’组培苗为材料,比较不同光质组合处理对组培苗生根的影响,以筛选出最适宜杉木组培苗生根的光质配比;进一步以白光为对照,并结合生根率最低和最高的处理,分析不同处理间组培苗生长、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光学参数、内源性激素含量及叶绿体超微结构的差异,以揭示不同光质组合介导的组培苗生根和生长的调控机理,为杉木组培苗工厂化生产提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)不同光质组合条件下,以红蓝光质组合处理(红∶蓝=3∶1)杉木组培苗的生根率最高(71.11%),较白光对照显著提高45.61%,而蓝光处理生根率最低(12.50%)。(2)红蓝光质组合处理组培苗生物量和株高均高于白光对照和蓝光处理,且不同处理间株高存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(3)与对照和蓝光处理相比,红蓝光质组合处理组培苗叶片的光合色素含量和PSⅡ潜在光化学效率F_(v)/F_(o)值均显著提高,暗示该处理叶片具有较强光源捕获能力和光能利用能力。(4)叶绿体超微结构观察显示,红蓝光质组合处理的组培苗叶绿体淀粉粒数量少,体积小,且叶绿体基质和基粒片层结构清晰,有利于同化产物输出。(5)红蓝光质组合处理的组培苗具有较高的生根率与其具有较高的生长素(IAA)、较低的细胞分裂素(CTK)含量以及较高的IAA/CTK比值有关,而具有较高的株高与其较高的赤霉素(GA)和IAA含量、较低的ABA含量以及较高IAA/ABA、GA/ABA比值有关。     

光质对绿豆幼苗叶片超微弱发光及叶绿素含量的影响

以绿豆幼苗为试材,测定其叶片超弱发光(UBE)及叶绿素含量在不同光质条件下的变化,并探讨两者之间的关系.结果表明,生长在不同光质下绿豆幼苗叶片的UBE及延迟发光衰减参数1/P都随着其生长不断增强,且生长在白光下绿豆幼苗的UBE是生长在其他光质(红、黄、蓝、绿)下幼苗的2倍以上,而红光、黄光和绿光处理之间无显著差异;生长在白光下的绿豆幼苗叶片叶绿素含量显著高于红、黄、蓝、绿光处理幼苗,而红光和黄光处理又显著高于蓝光和绿光处理.研究发现,光质对绿豆幼苗叶片超弱发光和叶绿素含量影响相似,绿豆幼苗叶片超弱发光可能与叶绿体的发育和光合作用有关.     

LED红、蓝、白组合光对茄子幼苗质量和果皮品质的影响

本试验采用发光二极管(LED)精准调控光源环境,以‘改良大龙茄’为试材,在前期探明红/蓝组合光(R/B)=3/1有利于培育茄子壮苗基础上,以R/B=3/1(9/3,CK₁)和LED白光(W,CK₂)为对照,分别设定LED红蓝白组合光为: R/B/W=3/1/1(9/3/3,T₁)、R/B/W=9/3/8(T₂)、R/B/W=3/1/6(9/3/18,T₃)和R/B/W=3/1/16(9/3/48,T₄),研究其对茄子幼苗生长、根系发育及定植后茄子产量和品质的影响,以期为茄子集约化高效育苗和设施生产补光提供理论依据和技术指导.结果表明: R/B/W=9/3/8组合光处理下,茄子幼苗株高、茎粗、壮苗指数、地上部干重、根干重、根系发育,以及定植后茄皮花青素、类黄酮含量和前期产量均较高;R/B/W=3/1/1组合光处理下,幼苗根冠比、定植后茄皮总酚和果肉中可溶性糖含量较高;而R/B/W=3/1/6组合光处理下,全株叶面积及定植后茄子果肉中游离氨基酸含量较高;R/B/W=3/1/16组合光处理下,定植后茄子果肉中可溶性蛋白含量较高.不同红蓝白组合光可不同程度提高茄子幼苗质量及定植后茄子前期产量和品质,以R/B/W=9/3/8组合光效果最显著.     

不同光质对甘蓝型油菜幼苗的生长和生理特性的影响

以甘蓝型油菜品种‘宁油12’为试材,采用单因素随机区组设计的盆栽试验,将直播后长至子叶展平时的油菜幼苗转入荧光灯(FL,对照)、蓝光(B)、蓝红组合1∶1(BR1∶1)、蓝红组合1∶8(BR1∶8)和红光(R)下进行照射,考察不同光质对甘蓝型油菜生长指标、根系活力、叶绿素含量和光合产物等的光效应,筛选适合甘蓝型油菜工厂化育苗的人工光源,为油菜的工厂化育苗的光源合理利用提供理论指导和技术支持。结果表明:(1)油菜幼苗的鲜质量、干质量、根长、株高、茎粗和叶面积在BR1∶8处理下最大,并显著高于对照FL;(2)BR1∶8处理下的幼苗根系活力最强,其次为B处理,二者都显著高于对照FL;(3)幼苗叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量和类胡萝卜素的含量在各光质处理下变化趋势一致,即B处理最大,其次是BR1∶8处理,二者均显著高于BR1∶1、R和FL处理,但BR1∶1、R和FL处理间均无显著差异;(4)BR1∶8处理幼苗叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉和游离氨基酸含量最高,且都显著高于BR1∶1、R和FL处理;B处理幼苗叶片的蔗糖、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸含量最高,且显著高于BR1∶1、R和FL处理;BR1∶8处理叶片的可溶性碳和氮含量最高,其次为B处理,并显著高于BR1∶1、R和FL处理;而对照FL处理的碳氮比最大,显著高于其他处理。研究认为,蓝红组合光(1∶8)能显著提高甘蓝型油菜叶片可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉、游离氨基酸、可溶糖总碳和总氮的含量,而蓝光则能显著促进叶片光合色素、蔗糖、可溶性蛋白和抗坏血酸的积累,有效促使幼苗快速、健壮生长,生产中可采用蓝红组合光(1∶8)和蓝光作为甘蓝型油菜育苗的人工光源。     

Systematic significance of mature embryo of bamboos

The mature embryo of seven species belonging to five genera of Indian bamboos is described. In all these the basic pattern of embryo organisation is same: the scutellar and coleoptilar bundles are not separated by an internode, the epiblast is absent, the lower portion of the scutellum and the coleorhiza are separated by a cleft and the margins of embryonic leaves overlap. The features unique to fleshy fruited bamboos are: presence of a massive scutellum, the juxtaposition of plumule and radicle and the occurrence of a bud in the axil of the coleoptile. The fleshy fruit bearing bamboos should be classified into one group, the tribeMelocanneae. Evidence is provided to recognise additional groups in the subfamilyBambusoideae.     

Taxonomic status of the species of the green algal genusNeochloris

Komárek has recently reviewed the various species assigned to the green algal genusNeochloris Starr (Chlorococcales, Chlorococcaceae) and removed those with uninucleate vegetative cells to a new genus,Ettlia. Watanabe & Floyd, unaware ofKomárek's work, also reviewed the species ofNeochloris and distributed them among three genera—Neochloris, Chlorococcopsis gen. nov., andParietochloris gen. nov.—on the basis of details of the covering of the zoospore and the arrangement of the basal bodies of the flagellar apparatus. This paper reconciles these two treatments and makes additional recommendations at the ranks of genus, family, order, and class.     

Phylogeny of cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes: Apogonidae) and the evolution of visceral bioluminescence

The cardinalfishes (Apogonidae) are a diverse clade of small, mostly reef-dwelling fishes, for which a variety of morphological data have not yielded a consistent phylogeny. We use DNA sequence to hypothesize phylogenetic relationships within Apogonidae and among apogonids and other acanthomorph families, to examine patterns of evolution including the distribution of a visceral bioluminescence system. In conformance with previous studies, Apogonidae is placed in a clade with Pempheridae, Kurtidae, Leiognathidae, and Gobioidei. The apogonid genus Pseudamia is recovered outside the remainder of the family, not as sister to the superficially similar genus Gymnapogon. Species sampled from the Caribbean and Western Atlantic (Phaeoptyx, Astrapogon, and some Apogon species) form a clade, as do the larger-bodied Glossamia and Cheilodipterus. Incidence of visceral bioluminescence is found scattered throughout the phylogeny, independently for each group in which it is present. Examination of the fine structure of the visceral bioluminescence system through histology shows that light organs exhibit a range of morphologies, with some composed of complex masses of tubules (Siphamia, Pempheris, Parapriacanthus) and others lacking tubules but containing chambers formed by folds of the visceral epithelium (Acropoma, Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia). Light organs in Siphamia, Acropoma, Pempheris and Parapriacanthus are distinct from but connected to the gut; those in Archamia, Jaydia, and Rhabdamia are simply portions of the intestinal tract, and are little differentiated from the surrounding tissues. The presence or absence of symbiotic luminescent bacteria does not correlate with light organ structure; the tubular light organs of Siphamia and chambered tubes of Acropoma house bacteria, those in Pempheridae and the other Apogonidae do not.     

Apoptotic Regulation of Caspase Activity

Intracellular cysteine aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) play both signaling and effector roles in realizing the program of cell death. Caspases function as proteolytic cascades unique for each cell type and signal triggering apoptosis. All parts of the proteolytic cascades are duplicated and controlled by feedback signals. Amplification cycles between pairs of caspases (the third and the sixth, the ninth and the third, the twelfth and the sixth, and others) help multiply the initial apoptotic signal. The presence of physiological inhibitors of apoptosis that directly interact with caspases creates a multilevel regulatory network of apoptosis in cell. The caspase proteolytic cascades are also regulated by sphingolipid secondary messengers, among them ceramide, sphingosine, and their phosphates. Moreover, an association of the caspase signaling with ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is shown in cells. In particular, the use of extracellular activators and inhibitors of caspases allows irreversible activation of apoptosis in tumor cells or the prevention of apoptosis in cortical neurons under neurodegenerative diseases.     

Host plants of someRhinanthoideae (Scrophulariaceae) of eastern North America

Twenty three species in 11 genera were examined in the field to determine hosts. OnlyStriga asiatica andSeymeria cassioides have a narrow host range being restricted to grasses and pines, respectively. These are the only species which cause pronounced and sometimes serious host damage. The other species attach to a great diversity of hosts.     

Analysis of twin of eyeless regulation during early embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster

The Drosophila Pax6 homolog twin of eyeless (toy) is so far the first zygotically expressed gene involved in eye morphogenesis in Drosophila. The study of its expression during embryogenesis is therefore informative of the initial events of eye development in Drosophila. We have analyzed how the initial expression domain of toy at cellular blastoderm is regulated. We show that the three maternal patterning systems active in the cephalic region (the anterior, terminal and dorsal-ventral systems) cooperate with zygotically activated gap genes to shape the initial expression domain of toy. Whereas Bicoid, Dorsal and Torso signaling synergistically act as activators, Hunchback, Knirps and Decapentaplegic act as repressors.     

New species of Peruvian Orchidaceae III

Sixteen new species are proposed in the generaAckermania, Dressleria, Epidendrum, Maxillaria, Oncidium, Rodriguezia, Sigmatostalix, andTrigonidium. All new species are illustrated.Maxillaria vittariifolia L. O. Williams is newly recorded for Peru. A key is provided forTrigonidium of Peru.Trigonidium loretoense Schltr. andT. peruvianum Schltr. are lectotypified.     

A molecular phylogeny of Hebeloma species from Europe

In order to widen the scope of existing phylogenies of the ectomycorrhizal agaric genus Hebeloma a total of 53 new rDNA ITS sequences from that genus was generated, augmented by sequences retrieved from GenBank, and analysed using Bayesian, strict consensus and neighbour joining methods. The lignicolous Hebelomina neerlandica, Gymnopilus penetrans, and two species of Galerina served as outgroup taxa. Anamika indica, as well as representatives of the genera Hymenogaster and Naucoria, were included to test the monophyly of Hebeloma, which is confirmed by the results. Hebeloma, Naucoria, Hymenogaster and Anamika indica cluster in a strongly supported monophyletic hebelomatoid clade. All trees largely reflect the current infrageneric classification within Hebeloma, and divide the genus into mostly well-supported monophyletic groups surrounding H. crustuliniforme, H. velutipes, H. sacchariolens, H. sinapizans, and H. radicosum, with H. sarcophyllum being shown at an independent position; however this is not well supported. The section Indusiata divides with strong support into three groups, the position of the pleurocystidiate Hebeloma cistophilum suggests the possible existence of a third subsection within sect. Indusiata. Subsection Sacchariolentia is raised to the rank of section.     

Interaction of Synthetic Analogues of Natural Chalcones and Flavones with Guanidine

The reaction of chalcones and flavones with guanidine in ethanol results in 2-(2-aminopyrimidinyl-4)-phenols.     

广西青藓科分类学修订

通过对采自广西24个县(市)的1147份青藓科植物标本的逐一鉴定及相关文献的查阅,确认有广西青藓科植物11属、44种,其中包括广西青藓科植物新记录属1属,即拟异叶藓属(Pseudokindbergia),新记录种7种,分别为匐枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)、阔叶尖喙藓(Oxyrrhynchi...