鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)体细胞系的建立及其生物学特性分析(简报)

动物细胞的培养技术是1907年哈里逊在淋巴块中对蛙的神经板培养成功开始的,其后近一个世纪以来,陆续成功地培养了哺乳动物、昆虫等各种动物细胞,并广泛用于生物科学的各个分支。鱼类的细胞培养的系统研究和建系实践大约起始于60年代,被公认的真骨鱼类的第一个永久性的细胞系——虹鳟性腺细胞系(RTG-2)是由Wolf建立的。随后各种鱼类细胞系相继建立,涉及的组织来源有吻端、肾脏、卵巢、尾鳍、性腺、肝脏、胚胎、囊胚、原肠胚、鳍条等,同时也进行了细胞体外培养条件、保存条件以及生物学特性的研究,为渔业生产和科学研究做出了重要贡献。研究者可利用来自不同种的培养细胞进行细胞杂交(融合)、核移植、DNA介导的基因转移以及一些物理图谱的建立等。细胞系在细胞生物学、遗传学的研究及培育动植物新品种等方面起着重要作用。本文首先对鲤鱼的尾鳍和吻端上皮细胞进行培养,建成鲤鱼体细胞系并对其生物学特性进行了分析。在此试验中我们侧重寻找适合做克隆供体的细胞达到最佳状态的条件, 以优化供体细胞的质量(另文报道)。此研究正在进行中。     

一种可高效转染的青鳉肌肉细胞系的建立与应用（英文）

在哺乳动物细胞系中转基因的效率相对较高而在鱼类细胞系中相对较低,为了获得鱼类高效转基因细胞系,我们从模式鱼类青鳉(Oryzias latipes)中分离和构建了肌肉细胞系OLM。该细胞系类似于纤维细胞,在28℃DMEM和10%的胚胎牛血清中培养了超过88代。通过染色体分析,它属于两倍体并含有48条染色体。在脂质体介导下,报告基因的转染效率可以达到40%,在测试的其他鱼类细胞中转染效率最高。此外还构建了稳定转染转基因或者非编码RNA的细胞系。OLM细胞对常见的病毒SVCV、GCRV、SGIV等不敏感。综上所述,研究在青鳉中建立了一种能高效转染的肌肉细胞系,它适用于鱼类瞬时和稳定的转基因研究。     

海洋动物的细胞培养与应用

海洋动物的细胞培养与应用童裳亮（青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院２６６００３）动物细胞的规模培养是生物技术（生物工程）的重要内容之一。因为人工培养的动物细胞可以用来分离和鉴定病毒,生产疫苗和昂贵的药物（见表一）。表一人工培养动物细胞的用途动物细胞的短期培养并不困难,但要建立永久性（长生不老）的细胞系,则十分不易。这是因为正常的动物细胞都有其生长、分化、衰老、死亡的规律。     

中心体蛋白Centlein的敲除促进细胞周期进程（英文）

中心体是大部分动物细胞的微管组织中心,它确保了有序的细胞周期进程以及染色体的精确分离,我们之前报道了中心体蛋白Centlein作为一个分子连接,与C-Nap1和Cep68一起形成复合物维持中心体的连接.然而,关于Centlein的其他功能我们还知之甚少.在本研究中,建立了Centlein的敲除细胞系,并且运用RNA-seq技术分析了敲除细胞系和正常野生型细胞系之间转录水平的差异.发现Centlein敲除细胞系中细胞周期相关基因PLK1、CCNB1、CCNA2和CDC20的表达量上调,流式结果又表明Centlein的敲除促进了细胞周期进程.同时发现Centlein与PLK1之间存在细胞内相互作用,于是我们提出了Centlein通过与PLK1的作用参与细胞周期进程.     

人体与动物细胞大量培养的进展

人体与动物细胞是许多重要生化产物的来源。20多年来,随着体外细胞培养研究的发展,已逐步建立了以人体与动物细胞的大量培养来获取各种疫苗、人体干扰素、单克隆抗体、胰岛素、生长激素、血纤维溶血因子、凝血因子等一系列产物,而成为细胞工程的一个重要系统。例如,早在70年代,Hayflick等就从人胚组织中分离和建立了两个细胞株——MRC-5和WI-38,它们被广泛应用于病毒疫苗的细胞培养商业生产,Kohler和Milstein成功地融合了小鼠B-淋巴细胞和骨髓瘤细胞而产生能分泌预定单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,并通过杂交瘤细胞的大量培养来制备单克隆抗体等等。     

大规模动物细胞培养的问题及对策

大规模动物细胞培养在生物技术产业化进程中显示出强大的潜力。本文综述了大规模动物细胞培养过程中出现的问题及其解决办法 ,包括细胞培养环境、基因工程途径改建细胞系及过程监控等。对于这些进展的充分了解对优化细胞培养工艺、提高产品质量具有重要意义     

大规模动物细胞培养的问题及对策

大规模动物细胞培养在生物技术产业化进程中显示出强大的潜力。本文综述了大规模动物细胞培养过程中出现的问题及其解决办法,包括细胞培养环境、基因工程途径改建细胞系及过程监控等。对于这些进展的充分了解对优化细胞培养工艺、提高产品质量具有重要意义     

黄鳝染色体组中组成型异染色质的分布

自从Caspersson等3建立人类染色体喹吖因分带技术以来,相继发展了各种吉姆萨染色分带技术。这些分带技术是精确分析动物染色体的有效手段,在很大程度上促进了动物细胞遗传学的研究。鱼类是低等脊椎动物,研究鱼类的染色体与分带,不仅在鱼类染色体核型、核型的演化与亲缘关系的分析,而且对于脊椎动物染色体的细胞化学、组织结构与进化的研究都有重要的意义。       

一种可高效转染的青鳉肌肉细胞系的建立与应用

在哺乳动物细胞系中转基因的效率相对较高而在鱼类细胞系中相对较低, 为了获得鱼类高效转基因细胞系, 我们从模式鱼类青鳉(Oryzias latipes)中分离和构建了肌肉细胞系OLM。该细胞系类似于纤维细胞, 在28℃ DMEM和10%的胚胎牛血清中培养了超过88代。通过染色体分析, 它属于两倍体并含有48条染色体。在脂质体介导下, 报告基因的转染效率可以达到40%, 在测试的其他鱼类细胞中转染效率最高。此外还构建了稳定转染转基因或者非编码RNA的细胞系。OLM细胞对常见的病毒SVCV、GCRV、SGIV等不敏感。综上所述, 研究在青鳉中建立了一种能高效转染的肌肉细胞系, 它适用于鱼类瞬时和稳定的转基因研究。     

含结构性倒位inv（5）（p13.1 q13.3）的毛细胞白血病细胞系的建立

为从分子水平揭示毛细胞白血病（HCL）的发病机理提供研究材料,将患者外周血淋巴细胞分离,用EBV病毒转化后进行细胞培养,建立细胞系,在连续传代3个月后,进行染色体组型分析,所培养细胞的染色体组型分析结果,与患者新鲜的外周血淋巴细胞的完全相同,证实该细胞系构建成功。     

青海湖裸鲤体外肝胰细胞原代与传代培养

采用组织块移植培养技术,分别用DMEM和RPM11640培养基对青海湖裸鲤肝胰组织细胞进行原代培养。培养48h组织块周围有细胞迁出,并形成生长晕。培养一周可形成单层细胞。对原代培养的单层细胞用胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化后,传代培养至第四代。确立青海湖裸鲤肝胰细胞培养条件为：培养基为DMEM,培养温度为27℃,pH值为7．0—7．5,原代培养血清浓度为20％,传代培养的血清浓度为10％,无需通入CO2和添加细胞生长因子。     

Wound healing in tadpole tailfin pieces in vitro.

Explants of tail fins from R. catesbeiana tadpoles undergo reepithelialization of their cut surfaces (healing) when cultured in vitro in Hanks' balanced salt solution at 22 degrees C. Healing is initiated early and closure of the wound is complete by 12 to 24 hours. Morphogenesis continues for several days as further reorganization and migration of epidermal cells from the regions adjacent to the wound margins take place. The addition of serum to the culture media improves the general appearance of these tissues and promotes healing. The rate of healing is affected by temperature. Tail fins maintained at 10 degrees C do not heal while fins maintained at 30 degrees and 37 degrees, although healing more rapidly than at 22 degrees, undergo progressive degeneration in culture. Epidermal cell movements were also studied in explants consisting of a combination of intact tail fin plus tail fin deprived of its epithelium. Rapid and extensive migration of epidermal cells from the intact tail fin across the collagen lamella of the stripped fin is observed.     

转基因红鲤体细胞的核移植

以F4代转hGH基因红鲤体细胞（肾脏和尾鳍）及培养18代的F4代转hGH基因红鲤尾鳍细胞为核供体,泥鳅或黄河鲤成熟卵为受体,进行了核移植,以探讨外源F4代转基因鱼体外源基因的分布与存在形式,稳定性和克隆转基因鱼的可能性。F4代红鲁肾脏细胞核与泥鳅卵配合的核移植胚胎有12．4％发育到囊胚,0．33％发育到神经胚;F4代尾鳍细胞核移入泥鳅卵后的重组胚发育到囊胚,神经胚、肌节期和肌肉效应期的胚胎分别为24．5％、0．3％、0．2％和0．1％;对照卵无发育。F4代红鲤尾鳍培养细胞与黄河鲤卵子配合的重组胚胎有50．53％发育到囊胚,5．69％发育到原肠胚,0．53％发育到神经胚,0．4％发育到肌节期。说明由于同种细胞核与卵细胞的相容性高于异种核卵的相容性,早期发育率高;而由于培养细胞的异倍化,后期的发育率降低。用PCR技术对供体鱼不同个体及同一体不同组织外源基因检测,结果100％个体为阳性鱼,而且不同组织的阳性率也是100％,说明外源基因均匀分布在不同组织中。无论F4代转基因鱼的肾脏细胞、尾鳍细胞还是培养的尾鳍细胞作核移植供体,核移植胚胎中hGH基因的检出率为100％。说明F4代转基因红鲤个体不同细胞都存在hGH基因,而且经长期培养不会丢失。表明F4代转基因红鲤中的外源hGH基因已基本稳定,体细胞核移植可以作为获得同质化转基因鱼的有效手段,但核移植效率还很低。另外还讨论了核质的相容性、细胞周期的协调、染色体的变异等因素对核移植的影响。     

Establishment and characterization of a cell line derived from a spontaneous murine lung carcinoma (M109).

The Madison lung (M109) tumor cell line, initiated from a "spontaneous", anaplastic murine lung carcinoma, has been propagated continuously in vitro for more than 300 cell generations. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a mouse karyotype with a mode of 78 chromosomes (2n = 40). Three distinct marker chromosomes were identified by trypsin-giemsa banding. The cells piled up in culture and had a short generation time and high plating efficiency. Electron microscopy revealed highly undifferentiated cells with little rough endoplasmic reticulum, an abundance of free polysomes, the presence of few and often odd-shaped mitochondria, lipid bodies and phagocytic vacuoles. Virus particles of the C-type were found frequently. The subcutaneous transplantation of M109 cultured cells at a relatively low cell inoculum produced highly metastatic tumors in syngeneic BALG/c mice.     

Establishment of the diploid gynogenetic hybrid clonal line of red crucian carp × common carp

This study investigated the gynogenetic cytobiological behavior of the third gynogenetic generation (G3), which was generated from the diploid eggs produced by the second gynogenetic generation (G2)of red crucian carp × common carp, and determined the chromosomal numbers of G3, G2×scatter scale carp and G2×allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp. The results showed that the diploid eggs of G2 with 100 chromosomes, activated by UV-irradiated sperm from scatter scale carp and without the treatment for doubling the chromosomes, could develop into G3 with 100 chromosomes.Similar to the first and second gynogenetic generations (G1 and G2), G3 was also diploid (2n=100) and presented the hybrid traits. The triploids (3n=150) and tetraploids (4n=200) were produced by crossing G2 with scatter scale carp, and crossing G2 with allotetraploids, respectively. The extrusion of the second polar body in the eggs of G2 ruled out the possibility that the retention of the second polar body led to the formation of the diploid eggs. In addition, we discussed the mechanism of the formation of the diploid eggs generated by G2. The establishment of the diploid gynogenesis clonal line (G1, G2 and G3) provided the evidence that the diploid eggs were able to develop into a new diploid hybrid clonal line by gynogenesis. By producing the diploid eggs as a unique reproductive way, the diploid gynogenetic progeny of allotetrapioid hybrids of red crucian carp × common carp had important significances in both biological evolution and production application.     

Late nonstochastic sequelae of gamma irradiation of lymphoid cells

In experiments with a suspension culture of human Raji lymphoid cells it was shown that a 40 per cent deceleration of the population growth induced by 2.5 Gy gamma-radiation persisted within the following 15-16 generations, afterwards it gradually normalized to reach the control level in the 21st generation. However, the incompleteness of recovery was displayed with the repeated exposure and cultivation of cells under hyperthermia (40 degrees C) up to the 27th generation.     

Establishment and characterization of a cell line derived from a spontaneous murinelung carcinoma (M109)

Summary The Madison lung (M109) tumor cell line, initiated from a “spontaneous”, anaplastic murine lung carcinoma, has been propagated continuously in vitro for more than 300 cell generations. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a mouse karyotype with a mode of 78 chromosomes (2n=40). Three distinct marker chromosomes were identified by trypsin-giemsa banding. The cells piled up in culture and had a short generation time and high plating efficiency. Electron microscopy revealed highly undifferentiated cells with little rough endoplasmic reticulum, an abundance of free polysomes, the presence of few and often oddshaped mitochondria, lipid bodies and phagocytic vacuoles. Virus particles of the C-type were found frequently. The subcutaneous transplantation of M109 cultured cells at a relatively low cell inoculum produced highly metastatic tumors in syngeneic BALB/c mice.     

不同时间采集的小牛血清对CHO-C28细胞培养及表达的影响

通过研究小牛血清对CHO-C28细胞培养及HBsAg表达的影响,探讨小牛血清的不同采集时间对血清质量的影响。采集出生后4、8、12h(未进食)小牛的血清,对CHO-C28细胞进行传代、换液培养,并检测乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)表达量。结果可见:①在细胞传代4次时,4h采集的血清细胞生长状态良好,8h采集的血清细胞出现明显的衰老,12h采集的血清细胞大面积死亡;②在细胞维持换液方面,4h采集的血清可维持细胞换液25次以上,8h采集的血清可勉强维持20次,12h采集的血清维持细胞换液10次时已大部分死亡;③乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)表达量的检测结果,同批培养上清,4h采集的血清培养细胞表达量最高。可见,小牛出生后采集血清时间越早越好。     

几种鱼类细胞对草鱼呼肠孤病毒敏感性的研究

比较研究了鲫鱼异倍体细胞系(CAB-80)、团头鲂尾鳍细胞系(BCC)、大鳞副泥鳅雌核发育单倍体胚胎细胞系(PHG)、草鱼胚胎细胞系(GCE)、草鱼尾鳍细胞系(GCRF-2)、草鱼肾细胞系(GCK-84)及其四个克隆对草鱼呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)的敏感性。证实了这些细胞(PHG除外)在不同程度上对GCRV敏感,其中以GCK-84的敏感性最强。这表明,在体外培养条件下,GCRV并无严格的种族特异性。用经GCK-84传代的病毒感染草鱼种,能复制出典型的出血病症状。用GCK-84检测了病毒在GCK-84、GCRF-2、CAB-80、BCC和PHG中的滴度(TCID_(50/ml)),其值分别为8.24,7.36,2.90,2.15和1.33。4个克隆与肾细胞系对病毒的敏感程度亦不尽相同,其滴度在6.3到9.32之间变化。上述结果对细胞工程抗病育种预示有较大的潜在意义。在电镜下可见GCRV对被感染的细胞造成了严重的破坏。病毒为平均直径58nm的球形颗粒,具有一个高度电子密度的核心,平均直径约为38nm。病毒在细胞中的分布方式有三种:即散布于细胞质中的、呈晶格状包于一膜状结构中的和整齐或不整齐地聚集在一起但无膜包裹的。     

Setting up a Single Cell Clone Lines of Cathamus tinctorius

Different concentrations of 2,4-D, KT and NAA were able to influence the plating efficiency (PE) of single cells of Cathamus tinctorius. The best combination of these three hormones for the growth of single cells was 2.0, 0.3 and 0.5 mg/l, respectively. The PE was obviously different as cells came from different generations of suspension subculture and the third generation of suspension culture cells, had the best PE which 8.5 times as high as that of the first generation of suspension culture cells. Single cell growth in condition medium or in solid-liquid dual layer culture was better than in normal plate culture. The PE of single cell clones in condition culture was 3.6 times as high as in normal plate culture. The PE of single cell clones in solid-liquid dual layer culture was 4.7 times as high as in normal plate culture. Many clones from single cells were set up. Different growth rates were observed in different single-cell clones. The lowest growth rate in these clones was 3.08 g/g/35 days, the highest growth rate in these clones was 23.33 g/g/35 days.