东北雨养区黑色地膜和种植密度对玉米田间地温和产量的影响

在不同颜色地膜覆盖和种植密度条件下地温和作物产量将发生改变,为了研究其变化规律,2016年在沈阳农业大学水利学院试验场开展了玉米覆膜种植田间试验,设置了3种种植方式(裸地、透明地膜和黑色地膜覆盖)和3个种植密度(60000、75000和90000株·hm~(-2))的田间试验,对玉米田间地温和产量进行了对比研究。结果表明:不同处理下田间0~25 cm深度平均地温的日变化呈现正态分布规律,总体上,透明地膜地温高于黑色地膜和裸地,低密度处理地温高于高密度处理;裸地种植条件下,玉米产量随密度的提高先增加后减小,覆膜处理下产量随着种植密度的增加而增加;黑膜处理下的玉米产量高于透明地膜和裸地,黑膜覆盖处理、密度为90000株·hm~(-2)的组合产量达到最大,为14264.6kg·hm~(-2);产量与抽穗期的地温相关性最大,且表现为负相关关系。本文研究结果对提高东北雨养区玉米产量具有指导意义。     

玉米植株对大田温室气体N2O排放的影响

利用封闭式箱法对玉米田Ｎ２Ｏ排放通量的观测表明,大田种植玉米后,对Ｎ２Ｏ排放产生了很大影响,玉米土壤系统的Ｎ２Ｏ排放通量大于不种玉米的土壤．此外,植物根系能明显促进土壤中Ｎ２Ｏ的排放,特别是在玉米生长后期尤为明显．从播种开始到年底,施尿素导致Ｎ２Ｏ排放为３．３ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,玉米植株为０．６９ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,占总排放量的１７．３％．     

农田生态系统N、P营养平衡及其肥料效应

９年的农田生态系统Ｎ、Ｐ营养平衡定位试验研究表明,Ｎ、Ｐ肥配合施用,实行秸秆还田,可提高土壤有机质和全Ｎ含量,使土壤速效和迟效Ｐ库容量得到补充．最后几年的Ｐ肥利用率达２１．１—６５．１％,Ｎ肥为４９—７５％．储备性施Ｐ第１年的利用率只有６．５－７．３％,而前３年之和达到２４—２８．５％,９年３个时段平均利用率２７．９—４２．８％,补偿性施Ｐ的１９．５—４２．９％．施Ｐ６５．５ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ｙｒ－１时,既能满足作物对Ｐ的需求又能补充土壤速效Ｐ库容量．     

石油烃降解物对Cd在土壤－植物系统中迁移转化影响的研究

研究棕榈酸、儿茶酚和香草酸对土壤中Ｃｄ行为的影响表明,土壤中儿茶酚对水稻的毒害浓度为１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,而香草酸则为５００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１．当土壤中儿茶酚为５０００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,水稻籽实中Ｃｄ浓度降到０．００８ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１,土壤淋溶液中Ｃｄ浓度降为０．００５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１,３种有机物均能增加土壤中有机结合态Ｃｄ的比例,５０００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１的儿茶酚处理,土壤中有机质结合态Ｃｄ占总Ｃｄ的４８．７１％．     

辽北平原苏打盐渍土增施泥炭对土壤盐分的影响

对辽河北部平原苏打盐渍化土壤改良试验表明,在增施泥炭条件下,苏打草甸盐土当年玉米产量可达２５００～４４００ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,苏打碱化草甸土为５５００～６８００ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,增产率分别为４０～１４４％和１２７～１８１％;第２年后者的持续产量为６２００～８０００ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２,增产率仍高达６９～１１８％．相应地,土壤剖面特别是耕作层呈现为明显脱盐,ｐＨ及碱化度下降,土壤有机质、全氮及全磷含量增加．     

磷在羊草草地植物－土壤中积累、分布及转移规律

本文在研究磷素几种形态的动态变化基础上,运用生态系统理论,利用系统分析的方法,分析了磷在植物－土壤系统中的流通、积累和归还的特点,得出如下结果：１．磷素在系统内９９％以上分布在土壤中。２．群落内磷的再利用量为３．６７５５ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１）。３．群落每年吸收的磷为３．４０６３ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１）,地上部归还土壤为０．１４４７ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１）,地下部归还土壤为１．８１１１ｋｇ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１）,输出仅占吸收量的４２．２４％,磷素在群落中每年净积累为０．３５ｋｓ·ｈａ￣（－１）·ｙｒ￣（－１）。４．磷在各库内的周转时间是：地上植物活体为１．３３６４年,立枯体为６．４３５０年,活根为１．０８８７年,死根为２．４３７８年,有机磷为８３３．３年。     

农业生态系统养分循环再利用作物产量增益的地理分异

通过４个地点中长期田间试验联网比较获得以下结果,农业生态系统养分循环再利用的作物产量增益受气候的热量因素、化肥施用和养分循环再利用持续时间的长短等因素影响．在不施化肥情况下,保持０．８循环率养分循环再利用的平均粮食增产量自北向南分别是：温带黑龙江海伦２５３ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２（１０年平均）、暖温带辽宁沈阳１１２２ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２（６年）和喀左１３３２ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２（８年）、亚热带湖南桃源２８８４ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２（７年）;在施用ＮＰ化肥基础上保持养分循环再利用则分别为海伦２２５、沈阳６９４、喀左７８６、桃源１３２１ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２．循环回田的农家肥养分对作物增产有着明显的残效叠加作用,在施用ＮＰＫ化肥基础上保持养分循环再利用的作物增产率在试验期间的前３年平均为５％,后３年平均可上升至１４％．     

长白松人工林群落生物量和生产力的研究

应用相对生长法和样方收获法对长白松人工林群落的生物量和生产力进行研究．结果表明,群落总生物量和总净生产量分别为１１１．９８２ｔ·ｈａ－１和８９４２·８０ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ｙｒ－１,其中乔木层、灌木层和草本层生物量和净生产量分别为１０６．１５０、２．２３０和２．２６４ｔ·ｈａ－１及７４６５．００、２２３．００和１１８２．００ｋｇ·ｈａ－１·ｙｒ－１,分别占总量的９４．７９、互．９９和２．０２％及８３．４７、２．４９和１３．２２％,凋落层生物量０．３６４ｔ·ｈａ－１,立枯量０．９７４ｔ·ｈａ－１．经分析可得,长白松人工林急待进行抚育间伐,调整群落产量结构,提高森林生态系统的整体功能,培育优良速生丰产林．     

冀北高原闪电河流域上游不同介质体中总P分布特征

对冀北高原闪电河水库上游２０ｋｍ长的河段的多介质体中总Ｐ含量及其动态变化分析表明,同源水体的总Ｐ含量各段不一,其中最高量（０．０８２４ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１））为最低量（０．０２２８ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１））的３．６倍;不同介质体总Ｐ含量以土壤（３４０２ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１））＞淤泥（１９９２ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１））＞岩石（５４２ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１））＞水体（０．０５５３ｍｇ·Ｌ（－１））的排序递减,并随温度升高而增高．     

Cd对桑叶品质,生理生化特性的影响及其机理研究

土壤中不同浓度的Ｃｄ对桑叶产量、品质、生理生化特性的影响以及Ｃｄ在桑叶亚细胞各组分中分布量的研究表明,当土壤Ｃｄ浓度小于２２．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,桑叶产量、可溶性糖和含氯化合物含量高于或接近对照;桑叶叶绿素含量、细胞膜透性和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶及蛋白酶的活性无明显影响或有促进．当土壤Ｃｄ浓度大于２２．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时,Ｃｄ对桑叶产量、营养物质含量、生理生化作用的影响随之明显,并表现其毒害作用．根据Ｃｄ在桑叶亚细胞组分中的分布规律．对其影响机理进行了探讨,说明桑树是一种具有一定耐Ｃｄ性的经济作物．因此,可利用其耐Ｃｄ性,在被Ｃｄ污染土地上种植桑树．     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.