海洋微生物及海藻抗HIV天然产物研究进展

艾滋病是当今重大的公共卫生问题和社会问题。从天然资源寻找新抗HIV活性天然产物是新药发现的重要途径。综述了来源于海洋微生物、海藻具抗HIV活性的天然产物以及抗H1V活性天然产物筛选方法和靶点。     

Biomedicinals from the phytosymbionts of marine invertebrates: a molecular approach

Marine invertebrate animals such as sponges, gorgonians, tunicates and bryozoans are sources of biomedicinally relevant natural products, a small but growing number of which are advancing through clinical trials. Most metazoan and anthozoan species harbour commensal microorganisms that include prokaryotic bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), eukaryotic microalgae, and fungi within host tissues where they reside as extra- and intra-cellular symbionts. In some sponges these associated microbes may constitute as much as 40% of the holobiont volume. There is now abundant evidence to suggest that a significant portion of the bioactive metabolites thought originally to be products of the source animal are often synthesized by their symbiotic microbiota. Several anti-cancer metabolites from marine sponges that have progressed to pre-clinical or clinical-trial phases, such as discodermolide, halichondrin B and bryostatin 1, are thought to be products derived from their microbiotic consortia. Freshwater and marine cyanobacteria are well recognised for producing numerous and structurally diverse bioactive and cytotoxic secondary metabolites suited to drug discovery. Sea sponges often contain dominant taxa-specific populations of cyanobacteria, and it is these phytosymbionts (= photosymbionts) that are considered to be the true biogenic source of a number of pharmacologically active polyketides and nonribosomally synthesized peptides produced within the sponge. Accordingly, new collections can be pre-screened in the field for the presence of phytobionts and, together with metagenomic screening using degenerate PCR primers to identify key polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, afford a biodiscovery rationale based on the therapeutic prospects of phytochemical selection. Additionally, new cloning and biosynthetic expression strategies may provide a sustainable method for the supply of new pharmaceuticals derived from the uncultured phytosymbionts of marine organisms.     

Bioactive Pimarane‐Type Diterpenes from Marine Organisms

Marine organisms represent an abundant sources of bioactive natural products with unique chemical structure. Pimarane diterpenes are a structurally diverse family of natural products with various biological activities and pharmacological properties. A prolific source of new marine‐derived pimarane diterpenes have attracted considerable interest because of their unique structural diversity and varied biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiproliferative activities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structures, names, bioactivities, and references of 80 marine‐derived pimarane‐type natural products for the first time.     

Free Marine Natural Products Databases for Biotechnology and Bioengineering

Marine organisms and micro‐organisms are a source of natural compounds with unique chemical features. These chemical properties are useful for the discovery of new functions and applications of marine natural products (MNPs). To extensively exploit the potential implementations of MNPs, they are gathered in chemical databases that allow their study and screening for applications of biotechnological interest. However, the classification of MNPs is currently poor in generic chemical databases. The present availability of free‐access‐focused MNP databases is scarce and the molecular diversity of these databases is still very low when compared to the paid‐access ones. In this review paper, the current scenario of free‐access MNP databases is presented as well as the hindrances involved in their development, mainly compound dereplication. Examples and opportunities for using freely accessible MNP databases in several important areas of biotechnology are also assessed. The scope of this paper is, as well, to notify the latent potential of these information sources for the discovery and development of new MNPs in biotechnology, and push future efforts to develop a public domain MNP database freely available for the scientific community.     

Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B from Marine Natural Products

The ocean is a capacious area with the most abundant biological resources on the earth. The particularity of the marine ecological environment (high pressure, high salt, and hypoxia) makes the marine species survival competition fiercely, forcing many marine organisms in the process of life to produce a great deal of secondary metabolites with special structures and biological activities. In this article, 118 natural products which were isolated from four kinds of marine organisms, sponges, algae, soft corals and fungus, showing PTP1B inhibitory activity were summarized from 2010 to 2016, which may become the leading compounds towards treating Diabetes mellitus (DM). What's more, we briefly summarized the structure–activity relationship of PTP1B inhibitors.     

New Natural Products from Asphodelus albus MILL. Essential Oil

A detailed chemical analysis of the essential oil of Asphodelus albus roots performed in this work, in combination with a chemical synthesis approach – the synthesis of selected compounds and their detailed spectral analysis – has led to the identification of a series of new natural products, the esters of furan-3-ylmethanol: furan-3-ylmethyl 2-methylpropanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl butanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl 2-methylbutanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl 3-methylbutanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl pentanoate, furan-3-ylmethyl 4-methylpentanoate, and furan-3-ylmethyl hexanoate.