Identification of unprecedented purine-containing compounds, the zingerines, from ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) using a phase-trafficking approach

Three unprecedented purine-containing compounds, named [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-zingerines as they are 5-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl) analogs of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols, respectively, were isolated from a methanolic extract of ginger rhizomes using a phase trafficking-based method that utilizes solid phase reagents allowing for fast and selective simultaneous separation of basic, acidic, and neutral components of natural products extracts.     

Repellent activity of alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta, and ginger, Zingiber officinale, against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais

The repellent activity of alligator pepper, Aframomum melegueta, and ginger, Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), against the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was investigated in four-way olfactometer bioassays. Results showed that vacuum distilled A. melegueta and Z. officinale extracts were repellent towards adult S. zeamais both in the absence and the presence of maize, Zea mays, grains. Bioassay-guided liquid chromatographic fractionation of the distillates showed that fractions containing oxygenated compounds accounted for the repellent activity. Coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), followed by GC peak enhancement and enantioselective GC using authentic compounds, identified 3 major compounds in the behaviourally active fractions of A. melegueta and Z. officinale to be (S)-2-heptanol, (S)-2-heptyl acetate and (R)-linalool in a ratio of 1:6:3, and 1,8-cineole, neral and geranial in a ratio of 5.48:1:2.13, respectively. The identification of these behaviourally active compounds provides the scientific basis for the observed repellent properties of A. melegueta and Z. officinale, and demonstrates the potential for their use in stored-product protection at the small-scale farmer level in Africa.     

South African Lippia herbal infusions: Total phenolic content,antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Lippia javanica and Lippia scaberrima are used as herbal remedies and are commercially traded as health teas in southern Africa under the brands “Mosukujane” and “Musukudu”, respectively. This study evaluates the relationship between the presence of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activities of infusions prepared from four Lippia species (L. javanica, L. scaberrima, L. rehmannii and L. wilmsii) indigenous to South Africa. The antioxidant activities of the infusions, determined by the 2,2-diphenylpycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, were also compared to those of popular black, green and herbal tea brands. Of the four indigenous species, infusions of L. javanica and L. wilmsii exhibited the highest antioxidant activities (EC₅₀: 358 and 525 µg/ml, respectively) and contained the most phenolic compounds (14.8 and 14.5 mg/ml of dry weight gallic acid equivalent, respectively). Antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of the four Lippia species were determined against four human pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The extract of L. javanica was the most active against all the pathogens tested. Those Lippia species (L. javanica and L. wilmsii) previously reported to produce higher levels of the pharmacologically active phenylethanoid glycosides verbascoside and isoverbascoside, portrayed stronger antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study gives credence to the use of infusions of these Lippia species for their general health benefits.     

Evaluation of seasonal antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds in stems and leaves of some almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) varieties

Background

This study aimed to determine the seasonal changes of total antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in samples taken from leaves (April, July, October) and stems (April, July, October, January) of some almond (Prunus amygdalus L.) varieties (Nonpareil, Ferragnes and Texas).

Results

It was indicated that antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in leaves and stems of Nonpareil, Ferragnes and Texas showed seasonal differences. Antioxidant activity IC₅₀ of these varieties reached the highest value in April for leaves whereas in October for stems. The highest level of total phenolic compounds was in January for stems while in October for leaves.

Conclusions

These results showed that total antioxidant activity and phenolics in leaves and stems of almond varieties changed according to season and plant organ.     

Purification and identification of antioxidant peptides from walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates

Walnut proteins were hydrolyzed separately using three different proteases to obtain antioxidant peptides. The antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates were measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Among hydrolysates, pepsin hydrolysate obtained by 3 h exhibited the highest antioxidant activities, which could also quench the hydroxyl radical, chelate ferrous ion, exhibit reducing power and inhibit the lipid peroxidation. Then, 3-h pepsin hydrolysates were purified sequentially by ultrafiltration, gel filtration and RP-HPLC. The sequence of the peptide with the highest antioxidative activity was identified to be Ala-Asp-Ala-Phe (423.23 Da) using RP-HPLC-ESI-MS, which was identified for the first time from walnut protein hydrolysates. Last, the inhibition of the peptide on lipid peroxidation was similar with that of reduced glutathione (GSH). These results indicate that the protein hydrolysates and/or its isolated peptides may be effectively used as food additives.     

Salicylic acid changes morpho-physiological attributes of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.) under salinity stress

Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) (TP) is a valuable medicinal plant from Asteraceae family with various pharmaceutical and therapeutic properties. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the physiological and morphological responses of TP under salinity stress. Salinity was induced by NaCl and CaCl₂ (2:1) at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mM levels. SA was applied as foliar application at 0, 200 and 300 ppm concentrations. Plant height, leaf and shoot number, fresh and dry weight and essential oil, starch, sugar, protein, proline, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) contents were as measured morpho-physiological traits. The results showed that SA significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the measured traits and caused higher tolerance in TP plants under salinity stress. The essential oil content increased with increasing the salinity level up to 90 mM, which was more significant when combined with SA application. All of the measured traits except proline content, antioxidant enzymes, essential oil and sugar decreased at high salinity levels.     

Characterization and antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharides

Ginkgo biloba exocarp polysaccharide (GBEP) was obtained by hot water extraction, the crude polysaccharide was deproteinized by Sevag method and fractionized by a DEAE Sepharose fast flow anion-exchange column. Five fragments were obtained, including neutral polysaccharide (GBEP-N) and four acidic polysaccharides (GBEP-A1, GBEP-A2, GBEP-A3 and GBEP-A4). GBEP-N and GBEP-A3 were further purified by Superdex 200 gel column chromatography. The resulted two fractions GBEP-NN, and GBEP-AA were characterized by FT-IR, and HPGFC (high pressure gel filtration chromatography). Monosaccharide composition was determined by RP-HPLC method of precolumn derivatization with 1-phenyl-3-5-pyrazolone. GBEP-NN was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose and galactose, while GBEP-AA was mainly made up of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. The crude GBEP exhibited certain antioxidant activity. At the concentration of 5 mg/mL, the hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of GBEP was 90.52%, greater than 77.37% for the positive control ascorbic acid.     

Effect of acetylation on antioxidant and cytoprotective activity of polysaccharides isolated from pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo, lady godiva)

Acetylation of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo, lady godiva variety) polysaccharide using acetic anhydride with pyridines as catalyst under different conditions was conducted to obtain different degrees of acetylation on a laboratory scale. Furthermore, antioxidant activities and cytoprotective effects of pumpkin polysaccharide and its acetylated derivatives were investigated employing various established in vitro systems. Results showed that addition of pyridine as catalyst could increase the degree of substitution, whereas volume of acetic anhydride had little effect. The acetylated polysaccharides in DPPH scavenging radical activity assay, superoxide anion radical activity assay and reducing power assay exhibited higher antioxidant activity than that of unmodified polysaccharide. H₂O₂-induced oxidative damages on rat thymic lymphocyte were also prevented by pumpkin polysaccharide and its acetylated derivatives and the derivatives presented higher protective effects. On the whole, acetylated polysaccharide showed relevant antioxidant activity both in vitro and in a cell system.     

Ultrasonic degradation, purification and analysis of structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from Porphyra yezoensis Udea

The chemical structure and antioxidant of natural and ultrasonic degraded polysaccharides from Porphyra yezoensis Udea was investigated. The degraded polysaccharide (PYPS_UD) was purified, and F2 (a homogeneous fraction) was obtained. FT-IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral analysis revealed that F2 have typical porphyran structure. It has a backbone of alternating (1 → 4)-3,6-anhydro-α-l-galactopyranose) units and (1 → 3)-linked β-d-galactose or (1 → 4)-linked α-l-galactose 6-sulfate units. The result ascertained ultrasound degradation did not change the main structure of polysaccharides in the test conditions. Antioxidant proved that the activity of scavenging superoxide and hydroxyl radical is F₂ > V_C > PSPY_UD > PSPY. It was possible that ultrasonic treatment is an effective way for enhancing PSPY's antioxidant activity ascribing to decreasing molecular weight of polysaccharides.     

Chromones from the tubers of Eranthis cilicica and their antioxidant activity

Chemical studies on the constituents of Eranthis cilicica led to isolation of ten chromone derivatives, two of which were previously known. Comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D and 2D NMR data, and the results of enzymatic hydrolysis allowed the chemical structures of the compounds to be assigned as 8,11-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2,9-dihydroxymethyl-4H-pyrano[2,3-g][1]benzoxepin-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-8-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-2-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-8-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 7-[(β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5-hydroxy-8-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-2-methyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 7-[(β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-5-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-8-[(2E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one, 9-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]methyl-8,11-dihydro-5,9-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyrano[2,3-g][1]benzoxepin-4-one, 8,11-dihydro-5,9-dihydroxy-9-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-4H-pyrano[2,3-g][1]benzoxepin-4-one, and 7-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]methyl-4-hydroxy-5H-furo[3,2-g][1]benzopyran-5-one, respectively. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activity.     

金刺梨果实和叶中酚类、Vc含量及其抗氧化能力分析

为了解贵州金刺梨（Rosa sterilis D.Shi）果实和叶片中的活性成分及其抗氧化活性,以贵州普定县金刺梨种植基地的果实和叶片为试材,测定其活性成分含量及其抗氧化活性,并对各项指标进行相关性分析。结果显示：没食子酸、芦丁、槲皮素、儿茶素、鞣花酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸是供试金刺梨果实和叶片的主要酚类成分,金刺梨果实和叶片中活性组分差异显著（P<0.05）,果实中p-香豆酸、总黄酮和抗坏血酸的含量相对较高,而叶片中没食子酸、儿茶素、绿原酸、表儿茶素、阿魏酸、鞣花酸、芦丁、槲皮素和总酚含量均高于果实;金刺梨果实抗氧化活性值均显著高于叶片（P<0.05）;相关性分析发现：总黄酮对总还原力（TRPA）值的贡献极强,抗坏血酸对Fe³⁺还原抗氧化能力（FRAP）值贡献最强,槲皮素对ABTS值的贡献最强,说明金刺梨果实和叶片是一种具有较高开发价值的药食同源资源。     

Comparative analysis of antioxidant activity,toxicity, and mineral composition of kernel and pomace of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) grown in Balochistan,Pakistan

The present study aims to investigate some physical attributes, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, mineral composition, bioluminescence toxicity assay and antioxidant activity in terms of DPPH, HPS, TAC and FRAP assays in the kernel and pomace samples of six apricot cultivars grown in Balochistan, Pakistan. TFC and TPC determined by the AlCl₃ and Folin-Ciocalteu assays in apricot kernel extracts of six cultivars varied from 1797.5 (Chagali) to 4778.9 (Badoghur) mg QUE/100 g DW and from 1750.0 (Chagali) to 5005.8 (Badoghur) mg GAE/100 g DW. Apricot kernels exhibited higher antioxidant activity than pomace; antioxidant activity in terms of IC₅₀ in kernels ranged from 24.88 to 98.61 μg/ml for DPPH, 334.84 to 516.63 μg/ml for HPS, from 22.02 to 110.80 μg/ml for TAC and from 96.27 to 163.35 μg/ml for FRAP. The apricot kernels showed higher TPC, TFC, bioluminescence toxicity to V. logei and antioxidant activity than the pomace. The correlation analysis demonstrated substantial contributions of polyphenols and flavonoids to antioxidant assays. The sample type was the leading factor affecting the amounts of K, Na, Ca, Fe, and Mn in the tested samples; mineral contents were higher in pomace than kernels. The highest inhibition to V. logei was found in the kernels of Badoghur (IC₅₀ = 1.61 mg/ml). The PCA analysis showed significant contributions of phenolic and flavonoid contents towards antioxidant bioluminescence toxicity assays. Our results suggest Badoghur, Shakarpara and Sardai kernels are rich sources of secondary metabolites and possess remarkable antioxidant and antiluminescence activity and can make a significant contribution to the treatment and prevention of chronic health problems.     

Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of a novel molecule isolated and characterized from mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome

Mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) rhizome is used in the manufacture of pickles and other food preparations due to its unique raw mango flavour. The chloroform extract of mango ginger rhizome was subjected to antibacterial activity-guided purification by repeated silica gel column chromatography to obtain a pure compound. The structure of the isolated compound was deduced by analysing UV, IR, LC-MS and 2D-HMQCT NMR spectral data, and named it as amadaldehyde, a novel compound. It exhibited a wide range of antibacterial activity with potential bactericidal activity against several bacteria. The purified compound also exhibited antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities.     

Comparative effects of n-hexane and methanol extracts of elecampane (Inula helenium L.) rhizome on growth performance,carcass traits,feed digestibility,intestinal antioxidant status and ileal microbiota in broiler chickens

In this study, the effects of dietary methanol and n-hexane extracts of elecampane rhizome (MEER and HEER, respectively) on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility (AID), ileal microbiota, intestinal morphology and antioxidant status of the intestinal mucosa were compared in broiler chickens. In total, 450 1-d-old male chicks were allotted into five groups in six replicates of 15 chicks each. Dietary treatments included: a control, control plus 500 or 1000 mg MEER per kg diet (MEER₅₀₀ and MEER₁₀₀₀) and control plus 500 or 1000 mg HEER per kg diet (HEER₅₀₀ and HEER₁₀₀₀). Broiler performance was not affected by dietary treatments during the starter and grower periods. However, in the finisher (25–42 d) and entire (1–42 d) periods, an increase in body weight gain and a corresponding decrease in feed conversion ratio was noticed when birds received Diets MEER₁₀₀₀ or HEER₁₀₀₀. Also, considering the entire trial, the growth-promoting action of MEER was found to be greater than HEER. When compared with the control, AID of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) were increased by all treatments, while the AID of EE and GE were also improved by increased extract level. Additionally, HEER groups had significantly increased AID of crude protein. The counts of Escherichia coli and Clostridium spp. were suppressed while the number of Lactobacillus spp. increased in response to an elevated extract level. Meanwhile, the ileum of MEER groups contained lower numbers of Clostridium spp. and greater numbers of Lactobacillus spp. when compared with HEER groups. The duodenal and jejunal structures were not associated with dietary treatments. However, a decreased ileal crypt depth and an increased villus to crypt ratio were observed with addition of extracts, which was more intense with MEER. A lower malondialdehyde content and a higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were detected in duodenal and jejunal mucosa with increased extract level, and in jejunum, the antioxidant capability of MEER was found to be stronger than HEER. The antioxidant properties of the ileal mucosa were also improved in response to MEER, which was not observed after HEER inclusion. Overall, MEER seems to be a better choice of treatment owing to its more effective benefits on broiler performance, ileal microbiota, gut morphology and antioxidant ability of the intestinal mucosa.     

Antioxidant activity and phenolic profile of pistachio (Pistacia vera L., variety Bronte) seeds and skins

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.; Anacardiaceae) is native of aride zones of Central and West Asia and distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin. In Italy, a pistachio cultivar of high quality is typical of Bronte (Sicily), an area around the Etna volcano, where the lava land and climate allow the production of a nut with intense green colour and aromatic taste, very appreciated in international markets. Pistachio nuts are a rich source of phenolic compounds, and have recently been ranked among the first 50 food products highest in antioxidant potential. Pistachio nuts are often used after removing the skin, which thus represents a significant by-product of pistachio industrial processing. The present study was carried out to better characterize the phenolic composition and the antioxidant activity of Bronte pistachios, with the particular aim to evaluate the differences between pistachio seeds and skins. The total content of phenolic compounds in pistachios was shown to be significantly higher in skins than in seeds. By HPLC analysis, gallic acid, catechin, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside, naringenin-7-O-neohesperidoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and eriodictyol were found both in pistachio seeds than in skins; furthermore, genistein-7-O-glucoside, genistein, daidzein and apigenin appeared to be present only in pistachio seeds, while epicatechin, quercetin, naringenin, luteolin, kaempferol, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside are contained only in pistachio skins. The antioxidant activity of pistachio seeds and skins were determined by means of four different assays (DPPH assay, Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and TEAC assay, SOD-mimetic assay). As expected on the basis of the chemical analyses, pistachio skins have shown to possess a better activity with respect to seeds in all tests. The excellent antioxidant activity of pistachio skins can be explained by its higher content of antioxidant phenolic compounds. By HPLC-TLC analysis, gallic acid, catechin, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside and epicatechin appeared to be responsible for the antioxidant activity of pistachio skin, together with other unidentified compounds. In conclusion, our work has contributed to clarify some particular characteristics of Bronte pistachios and the specific antioxidant power of pistachio skins. Introduction of pistachios in daily diet may be of undoubted utility to protect human health and well-being against cancer, inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular pathologies and, more generally, pathological conditions related to free radical overproduction. On the other hand, pistachio skins could be successfully employed in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.     

Studies on the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of enzyme-assisted water extracts from Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) leaves

Enzyme-assisted water extracts (EWEDL) and ethanol extracts of Du-zhong leaves (EEDL) were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using the DPPH radical-scavenging assay, Fe²⁺-chelating assay, and inhibition ability of the linoleic acid peroxidation assay. In general, the antioxidant activity of Du-zhong leaf extracts increased with increasing concentration. Based on the two extracting methods with different antioxidative reactions, it was shown that the enzyme-assisted water extracting method was more effective for antioxidant extraction from Du-zhong leaves. By HPLC-MS analysis, the main phenolic compounds (geniposidic acid, epicatechin, and chlorogenic acid) identified in EWEDL and EEDL were similar. EWEDL and EEDL had total phenolic contents of 13.84?±?0.11 and 14.72?±?0.14?mg chlorogenic acid equivalents (CAE) in each gram of extract, respectively. However, there was no positive correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of EWEDL and EEDL measured by the three different assays.     

Effect of osmotic pretreatment and drying temperature on drying kinetics,antioxidant activity,and overall quality of taikor (Garcinia pedunculata Roxb.) slices

Taikor (Garcinia pedunculata Roxb.) is an underutilized, however nutritious fruit, typically found in Bangladesh and northeast parts of India. Taikor slices (1 ± 0.25 cm thickness) were pretreated for 10 min in 10% sucrose, 10% fructose, and 2% brine solution. Three different temperatures, such as 45, 50, and 55 °C were used to perform the drying operation at 30% constant relative humidity (RH). The thin-layer dehydration characteristics of taikor slices were analyzed using the Newtonian, Page, and Henderson and Pabi’s model. The changes in pH, total acidity, color, β-carotene, vitamin C, B vitamins, antioxidant activity, and microbial load calculation were done to compare the comprehensive quality of untreated and pre-treated dried taikor. After assessing the coefficient of determination (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) values, the Page model was obtained as the best-suited model. For this model, the R² and RMSE values were found to be approximately 1 and below 0.1094, respectively. Among the pretreatments, sucrose helped retain quality characteristics like ascorbic acid (115.25 ± 0.19 mg/100 g), antioxidant activity (33.25 ± 0.07%) more in the dried samples. The brine pretreated sample had minimum microbial growth. Fructose pretreated taikor samples dried at 45 °C exhibited maximum value of B vitamins (B₁ 0.025 ± 0.002 mg/100 g, B₂ 0.016 ± 0.002 mg/100 g, B₃ 0.011 ± 0.001 mg/100 g), total phenolic content (15.78 ± 0.15 mg GAE/100 g), total flavonoid content (11.11 ± 0.08 mg QE/100 g). Overall, fructose pretreated sample dried at 55 °C was found to be the best method for preserving the maximum physical and chemical quality of dried Garcinia pedunculata.     

Two new resveratrol tetramers isolated from Cayratia japonica (Thunb.) Gagn. with strong inhibitory activity on fatty acid synthase and antioxidant activity

Two new resveratrol tetramers, cajyphenol A ( 1 ) and cajyphenol B ( 2 ), together with two known resveratrol dimers, quadrangularin A ( 3 ) and pallidol ( 4 ), and resveratrol ( 5 ) were isolated from the stems of Cayratia japonica (Thunb. ) Gagn. Their structures were established by means of NMR (¹H,¹H‐COSY, ¹H,¹³C‐HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) and ESI‐MS analyses. Compounds 1 – 5 showed fast‐binding inhibitory activities on fatty acid synthase with the IC₅₀ values of 1.63±0.02, 1.49±0.03, 7.50±0.01, 11.1±0.01, and 10.2±0.01 μM , respectively. Compounds 1 – 5 also exhibited antioxidant activities in the ORAC assay.     

Total phenolic,flavonoid contents,and biological activities of stem extracts of Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. grown in Northern Border Province,Saudi Arabia

Background and objectiveGenus Astragalus belongs to the family Fabaceae and is one among the largest genera consisting of around 3000 species. The plants have been used traditionally in treatment of various ailments in folklore. The study was planned to assess the analgesic and inflammatory activity of Astragulus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl extract of the stem.Materials and methodsCourse powder of stems of Astragulus spinosus was extracted using chloroform and methanol as solvents. Folin ciocalteu method was employed for determination of the phenolic acid content. Aluminum chloride colorimetric procedure was followed for estimating the flavonoid content. Both chloroform and methanolic extracts at 250 and 500 mg/kg, were tested for the analgesic activity, however, only methanolic extract was selected for anti-inflammatory property based on the results of analgesic activity. The analgesic effect was executed on male rats by the hot plate model. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied in the carrageenan rat paw edema model. The experimental information was interpreted statistically using one-way ANOVA and p < 0.05 was used to express importance of the results.ResultsThe total phenolics of the methanol extract was 420 µg and that of chloroform extract was 265 µgwhile total flavonoid content in terms of quercetin was found to be 68 µg and 17.5 µg for methanol and chloroform extract respectively. Only methanolic extract exhibited significant (p < 0.001) analgesic activity by elevating the pain threshold starting from 15 min. The methanolic extract inhibited (p < 0.001) the edema in carrageenan induced model. The performance of higher dose (500 mg/kg) was better with reference to lower dose (250 mg/kg).ConclusionOutcome of the results show that the methanolic stem extracts exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory-like activity with reference to chloroform extract. Credit of which is given to flavonoids and phenolic content present in the methanolic extract. However, more research is suggested to establish the safety and effectiveness of the herbal drug to manage diseased states including pain and inflammation.