斑马鱼心肌特异性启动子的克隆及其功能鉴定*

目的:探讨心室肌球蛋白重链(vmhc)基因启动子的心肌组织特异性.方法:利用PCR技术从斑马鱼基因组中克隆了vmhc编码区5’上游大小为1952bp的调控区域,应用酶切连接方法将vmhc启动子插入pGEFP-N1质粒,成功构建pEGFP-vmhc重组载体.再应用高保真DNA聚合酶PCR扩增包含vmhc启动子序列,增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)基因序列及3'UTR序列的基因片段,经过纯化后通过显微注射将vmhc-EGFP基因片段导入斑马鱼受精卵中.结果:注射后的斑马鱼心脏中出现绿色荧光,而其他部位无荧光出现.结论:vmhc启动子能够正确有效地驱动外源基因在斑马鱼心脏中特异表达,适合应用于心血管疾病的基因功能研究,基因靶向治疗等.     

A compact unc45b‐promoter drives muscle‐specific expression in zebrafish and mouse

Summary: Gene therapeutic approaches to cure genetic diseases require tools to express the rescuing gene exclusively within the affected tissues. Viruses are often chosen as gene transfer vehicles but they have limited capacity for genetic information to be carried and transduced. In addition, to avoid off‐target effects the therapeutic gene should be driven by a tissue‐specific promoter in order to ensure expression in the target organs, tissues, or cell populations. The larger the promoter, the less space will be left for the respective gene. Thus, there is a need for small but tissue‐specific promoters. Here, we describe a compact unc45b promoter fragment of 195 bp that retains the ability to drive gene expression exclusively in skeletal and cardiac muscle in zebrafish and mouse. Remarkably, the described unc45b promoter fragment not only drives muscle‐specific expression but presents heat‐shock inducibility, allowing a temporal and spatial quantity control of (trans)gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that the transgenic expression of the smyd1b gene driven by the unc45b promoter fragment is able to rescue the embryonically lethal heart and skeletal muscle defects in smyd1b‐deficient flatline mutant zebrafish. Our findings demonstrate that the described muscle‐specific unc45b promoter fragment might be a valuable tool for the development of genetic therapies in patients suffering from myopathies. genesis 54:431–438, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Whole amount in situ hybridization and transgene via microinjection in zebrafish]

Zebrafish is new model organism to study development of the vertebrate. In this report, we chose a fragment of gene GATA-1 which specifically expressed in zebrafish hematopoiesis system as probe to carry on whole amount in situ hybridization. Then we transported reporter gene driven by GATA-1 promoter into the embryos via microinjection approach and observed the spatial and temporal expression pattern of GFP. Our results demonstrated that efficient and reliable technology of whole amount in situ hybridization and microinjection in zebrafish was established.     

斑马鱼整胚原位杂交和显微注射转基因技术的建立(简报)

随着人类基因组框架图的完成,解读大量基因的功能和表达调控成为亟待解决的问题。因此通过模式生物从个体水平、细胞水平和分子水平研究基因功能及其表达调控日益成为一个重要的研究领域。斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)是近年来崛起的一种模式生物。它的显著优势在于:个体小,便于大批量饲养;产卵量大,胚胎透明,易于观察和操作;体外发育,发育迅速,2—3天即可完成主要器官的建成;可以方便的进行大规模的诱变和突变型筛选等研究。它已成为脊椎动物胚胎发育遗传学和基因功能研究中理想的模式生物。整胚原位杂交技术是     

Suppression of zebrafish VEGF gene by cytomegalovirus promoter-driven short hairpin constructs induces vascular development defects and down regulation NRP1 expression

The usage of RNA interference for gene knockdown in zebrafish through expression of the small interfering RNA mediators from DNA vectors has created a lot of excitement in the research community. In this work, the ability of human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (CMV promoter)-driven short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector to induce shRNA against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene in zebrafish was tested, and its effects on VEGF-mediated vasculogenesis and angiogenesis were evaluated. Altogether four vectors targeting various locations of VEGF gene were constructed, and pSI-V4 was proven to be the most effective one. Microinjection of pSI-V4 into the zebrafish embryos resulted in defective vascular formation and down regulation of VEGF expression. In situ hybridization analysis indicated that silencing VEGF gene expression by pSI-V4 resulted in down regulation of neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a potent VEGF receptor. Knockdown of VEGF expression by morpholino gave the same result. This provided evidence that the VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in zebrafish was in part dependent on NRP1 expression. The results contributed to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular development and provided a potential promoter for making inducible knockdown in zebrafish.     

利用Tol2转座子构建斑马鱼心脏组织特异表达转基因载体及其表达分析

为了制备用于在斑马鱼心脏中特异表达目的基因的转基因载体,通过分子克隆的方法对能够在斑马鱼心脏中特异表达EGFP报告基因的Tol2载体进行了改造,在原有的CMLC2启动子与EGFP编码区之间插入带有多克隆位点的IRES序列,获得pTol2-CMLC2-IRES-EGFP转基因表达载体,该载体可以实现在同一个启动子CMLC2的驱动下分别同时表达目的基因和EGFP;为了验证该表达载体的有效性,进一步在CMLC2启动子与IRES序列之间插入DsRed-Monome编码区,利用得到的pTol2-CMLC2-RED-IRES-EGFP转基因载体显微注射到斑马鱼单细胞期胚胎中进行表达分析,结果表明外源目的基因DsRed-Monome和报告基因EGFP均能以相同的表达模式在斑马鱼心脏组织中特异表达。pTol2-CMLC2-IRES-EGFP转基因表达载体的成功构建对于建立心脏发育候选基因的斑马鱼转基因实验模型具有重要意义。     

Using an improved Tol2 transposon system to produce transgenic zebrafish with epinecidin-1 which enhanced resistance to bacterial infection

In order to advance the application of antimicrobial peptides in aquaculture, transgenic zebrafish expressing the antimicrobial peptide, epinecidin-1, were developed and are reported on here. First, we cloned the zebrafish mylz2 promoter for this purpose. To characterize the activity of the mylz2 promoter, various fragments of it were analyzed using a firefly luciferase transient expression assay, in which maximum promoter activity was found with a 2.5-kb fragment. In addition, the 2.5-kb fragment also expressed considerable red fluorescent proteins in skeletal muscles of transgenic zebrafish. Second, in order to improve the translation efficiency of the Tol2 transposase, we constructed untranslated regions (UTRs) of zebrafish ba1 globin flanked by a transposase. A transient embryonic excision assay (TEEA) and in vivo fluorescent observations showed high transposition efficiency during embryonic development. After optimization of the promoter and transgene efficiencies, transgenic zebrafish with the Epi-1/DsRed plasmid (pTLR-m2.5 K-K.Epinecidin-1/DsRed vector) were developed, and expressions of Epi-1/DsRed in muscles and blood were demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining techniques. Moreover, we also found that the Epi-1/DsRed gene was efficiently and significantly expressed in vivo against Vibrio vulnificus and Streptococcus agalactiae after injecting the bacteria and determining bacterial counts. A gene expression study using real-time RT-PCR revealed that Epi-1/DsRed itself induced endogenous MyD88 expression in vivo. After Epi-1/DsRed transgenic zebrafish were infected with V. vulnificus 204, interleukin (IL)-10, IL-22, IL-26, lysozyme, toll-like receptor (TLR)1, TLR3, TLR4a, MyD88, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activating protein-like were upregulated, but IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were downregulated at 12 h post-infection; IL-21, complement component c3b, and NF-κB activating protein-like were downregulated, but MyD88 was upregulated at 24 h post-infection. These results suggest that using epinecidin-1 as a transgene in zebrafish can effectively inhibit bacterial growth for up to 24 h after infection.     

GAP-43 promoter elements in transgenic zebrafish reveal a difference in signals for axon growth during CNS development and regeneration

A pivotal event in neural development is the point at which differentiating neurons become competent to extend long axons. Initiation of axon growth is equally critical for regeneration. Yet we have a limited understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate the capacity for axon growth during either development or regeneration. Expression of a number of genes encoding growth associated proteins (GAPs) accompanies both developmental and regenerative axon growth and has led to the suggestion that the same signaling pathways regulate both modes of axon growth. We have tested this possibility by asking whether a promoter fragment from a well characterized GAP gene, GAP-43, is sufficient to activate expression in both developing and regenerating neurons. We generated stable lines of transgenic zebrafish that express green fluorescent protein (GFP) under regulation of a 1 kb fragment of the rat GAP-43 gene, a fragment that contains a number of evolutionarily conserved elements. Analysis of GFP expression in these lines confirms that the rat 1 kb region can direct growth-associated expression of the transgene in differentiating neurons that extend long axons. Furthermore, this region supports developmental down-regulation of transgene expression which, like the endogenous gene, coincides with neuronal maturation. Strikingly, these same sequences are insufficient for directing expression in regenerating neurons. This finding suggests that signaling pathways regulating axon growth during development and regeneration are not the same. While these results do not exclude the possibility that pathways involved in developmental axon growth are also active in regenerative growth, they do indicate that signaling pathway(s) controlling activation of the GAP-43 gene after CNS injury differ in at least one key component from the signals controlling essential features of developmental axon growth.