一株海洋真菌菌株M-01产抑菌物质发酵条件研究

对从海泥中分离到的1株海洋真菌菌株M-401产抑菌物质的发酵条件及所产抑菌物质的热稳定性、pH稳定性进行了初步的研究。结果表明,菌株M-401适宜发酵培养基组成为马铃薯40%,蛋白胨0.6%,酵母膏0.2%,葡萄糖1%,海水100%;培养基初始pH值为6.0~7.0;发酵温度24℃,发酵时间48~72 h;抑菌物质80℃处理1 h,残留活性60%,pH稳定范围在4~8之间。     

一株芦荟抗菌内生细菌的分离鉴定及生物学性质研究

从药用植物中华芦荟组织中分离出一株抗菌内生细菌A11#,该菌产生广谱抗菌活性物质,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等革兰氏阳性细菌和植物病原真菌均有较强的抑制作用;通过形态学观察及生理生化特征测定,初步鉴定归属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)。该菌在初始pH值为5．0～10．0的PDA培养基上生长旺盛,生长最适pH为5～7,培养液初始pH为6～10时发酵产生大量粘性物质;生长温度范围在10～45℃,最适温度28～37oc;在初始pH5．0和30．5℃条件下发酵,其发酵液抑菌作用最强;该菌所产抗菌物质能耐121℃处理30min而不影响其活性。在阿须贝无氮培养基上生长良好,在不加葡萄糖、蔗糖或淀粉的LB和牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基上不生长;同时还产生对高岭土有絮凝活性的物质。     

红树林细菌G1产抗菌活性物质发酵条件的优化

目的:对一株从广西山口红树林保护区筛选得到的具有广谱抗菌活性的红树林细菌G1进行发酵条件的研究.方法:采用单因素实验法对G1产抗菌活性物质的发酵培养基及培养条件进行研究.结果:确定了红树林细菌G1的最佳发酵培养基为:蔗糖2.0％、酵母粉1.5％、NaCl1％.最佳发酵培养条件为:装液量40％、接种量5％、发酵时间84h、初始pH值8.0,优化后G1发酵液的抗菌活性提高了2倍.结论:初步确定了G1发酵的条件,为工业化生产抗菌活性物质提供了理论依据.     

海洋细菌LU—B02生物活性物质发酵条件及理化性质研究

从辽宁渤海水域分离得到的多株细菌中筛选出1株能产生广谱抗菌物质的海洋细菌LU-B02,该菌对白色念珠菌、Y76等酵母状真菌具有较强的抗性,对一些海洋生物体病原菌或寄生菌以及农作物病原性丝状真菌也具有一定的抗性.在此基础上采用均匀设计对该菌株产生生物活性物质的发酵培养基进行选优;比较了不同菌龄、不同发酵时间LU-B02产生生物活性物质的浓度大小,考察了发酵液中生物活性物质对温度、pH值的稳定性;同时对生物活性物质的水溶性、离子特性等性质进行了研究.结果表明LU-B02菌龄16～24h、28℃下发酵26h产生的生物活性物质浓度最高,该物质为强碱性,水溶性强,对温度、pH值较稳定,为该活性物质的进一步提取精制和结构鉴定提供了依据.     

死谷芽胞杆菌B10发酵条件的研究与抗菌谱的测定

死谷芽胞杆菌B10可抑制多种食用菌病原木霉菌的生长,同时对其他多种食用菌病原真菌有拮抗作用,因此是1株很有潜力的生防菌,具有开发成生防产品的潜能。实验通过摇瓶培养,对死谷芽胞杆菌B10产生抑菌活性物质的发酵培养基和培养条件进行优化,并对其抑菌谱进行了测试。结果表明,实验产生抑菌活性物质的最佳培养基为NB液体培养基,最佳发酵条件为:菌株种龄18 h,发酵周期36 h,初始培养基pH为7.0,培养温度为30℃,摇瓶装液量为100 mL/250 mL,接种量为4%,摇床转速为170 r/min。B10发酵无菌滤液对多种食用菌病原真菌有明显抑制作用,其中对哈茨木霉T22抑制作用最强,抑菌率达90.56%。     

生防枯草芽孢杆菌B29菌株抗菌物质的初步研究

通过检测生防枯草芽孢杆菌除菌上清液对黄瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporium f．cumerinum菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用,初步研究了生防枯草芽孢杆菌B29菌株抗菌物质的活性。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌B29菌株分泌的抗菌物质不仅抑制病原菌的生长;并可抑制尖孢镰刀菌孢子的萌发,使分生孢子萌发畸形。研究确定了该菌株抗菌物质产生的最佳条件：培养温度30℃;培养基初始pH值7.5;装液量为250ml三角瓶装液75ml培养基;培养时间120h。经30%~70%硫酸铵沉淀获得的抗菌粗提物对60℃处理具有稳定性（活性达97.8%）;对蛋白酶K具有部分耐受性,对胰蛋白酶和胃蛋白酶较敏感。     

中华稻蝗内生菌SDLH抑菌物质发酵条件优化

目的:作者实验室前期分离到的一株中华稻蝗内生菌SDLH,可产生对金黄色葡萄球菌具强烈抑制作用的的活性物质,本文对该菌株产生抑菌活性物质的发酵条件进行探索,以期得到最优化发酵条件,提高抑菌活性物质的产量.方法:采用正交实验及回归分析方法寻求最佳发酵培养基组成成分和优化pH、温度、接种量、种龄、装液量、转速等发酵条件.结果:最佳发酵培养基组成为:α-乳糖2.00g,胰蛋白胨12.00g,酵母膏5.00g,NaCl 3.50g,K2HPO4 3.68g,KH2PO4 1.32g,dH2O 1000mL,pH7.0.培养条件为pH6.8,温度30℃,接种量10%,种龄24h,250mL三角瓶装液量100mL,摇床转速150r/min.结论:得到了该菌株产生抑菌物质的最优发酵条件,为下一步规模发酵提供了基础数据.     

抗多杀性巴氏杆菌植物乳杆菌细菌素的生物学特性研究

目的 针对多杀性巴氏杆菌耐药性不断增强的情况,寻找替抗产品。方法 使用MRS培养基分离酸菜中的乳酸菌菌株,采用16S rRNA基因测序鉴定分离菌株。对分离菌株进行发酵培养,研究其无菌发酵上清液对酶的敏感性、热稳定性、酸碱稳定性和其抑菌谱。结果 分离得到了1株优势乳酸菌YWH-4,经过16S rRNA基因测序鉴定该菌株为植物乳杆菌。植物乳杆菌YWH-4发酵上清液对胃蛋白酶具有高敏感性,推测其发酵上清液中具有抗菌活性物质细菌素。该细菌素具有良好的热稳定性,经100℃处理2 h后仍有较强抑菌活性;具有酸碱稳定性,在pH值3.0～5.0之间保持良好抑菌活性。结论 植物乳杆菌YWH-4所产细菌素对多杀性巴氏杆菌具有良好的抗菌活性。     

杀松材线虫细菌的分离、鉴定及其培养条件研究

为了对松萎蔫病进行安全、无污染的生物防治,从青岛大学校园内采集的样品中分离出120株菌。采用浸渍法从中筛选出1株具有较高杀线虫活性的细菌G8-1。杀线虫活性测定结果表明,该菌株发酵上清液48 h后的杀线虫率为90.81%。通过16S rRNA的序列分析,将其鉴定为Flectobacillus rhizosphaerae。通过单因素分析法和正交实验对该菌株的培养条件进行研究,确定最佳培养条件:最适初始pH为8.0,最适培养温度为35℃,最佳接种菌龄为9 h,最佳培养时间为3 d,菌株G8-1发酵上清液的杀线虫率可达到96.31%。对菌株产生的活性物质的稳定性进行初步分析,结果表明该菌株的活性物质都具有较好的热稳定性,并且在弱碱性条件下具有较高的杀线虫活性稳定性。本研究为松材线虫的生物防治提供参考。     

海洋活性芽胞杆菌MD-5发酵时间优化及抑菌性质研究

[目的]探究海洋活性芽孢杆菌MD-5抑菌活性及性质。[方法]采用测定抑菌半径结合OD_(600)及pH确定最佳发酵时间;通过平板琼脂扩散法、平板对峙法测定其抑菌谱;通过测量抑菌圈面积探究加热时间、pH对抑菌活性物质的影响。[结果]在既定培养条件下,该菌株产抑菌活性物质最优的发酵时间为34 h,对多种指示菌具有抑制作用;其发酵上清在100℃下加热2、5、10 min活性保留分别为88.9%、60.4%、38.9%,加热15 min完全失活;当pH 5.0～7.0活性基本不变,pH为酸性活性有所降低,为碱性活性下降明显,pH≥11完全失活。[结论]该菌株具有广谱的抑菌作用,可有效抑制革兰氏阳性菌和部分阴性菌及真菌;所产生的活性物质对温度及pH敏感,高温或碱性环境易于降解失活。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.