福建省发现白化白腹山鵰

白腹山鵰(Aquila fasciata fasciata)属于隼形目鹰科,是国家重点珍稀二级保护鸟类之一,国内主要分布于福建、广东、广西,西至云南和贵州,国外见于欧洲南部、非洲北部、印度等地。2001年12月9日我们从闽侯县白沙镇一佗农民处获得此白化鹏类,据了解这只鵰是从电线杆上摔下致死的,     

Standard and digestive metabolism in the banded water snake, Nerodia fasciata fasciata

Estimating energy costs by respirometry is fundamental to many studies of the ecology, behavior and evolution of reptiles. However, traditional respirometry procedures seldom incorporate objective techniques for removal of outliers from estimates of metabolic parameters. We demonstrate how computer-automated respirometry equipment, which records many respiratory measurements over short intervals, can be coupled with mathematical procedures to produce robust estimates of pre- and post-prandial metabolism in banded water snakes (Nerodia fasciata fasciata). Standard metabolic rate of N. f. fasciata was estimated to be 1.21 ml O2/h (mass = 30.21 +/- 0.74 g) at 25 degrees C. After ingestion of a fish equaling 20% of their body mass, snakes exhibited a fivefold increase in metabolic rate with peak O2 consumption rate (VO2) reaching 6.5 ml O2/h. Total cost of digestion was 5.44 kJ, equivalent to approximately 21% of the energy in the meal. Repeated measurements of metabolism in the same individuals revealed that our methods yielded similar results, even when individuals exhibited different patterns of VO2 variation between respiratory trials. Our results underscore the importance of obtaining many VO2 measurements, coupled with objective removal of outlier values from estimates of metabolic rate, especially when metabolic values are to be interpreted in a comparative context.     

条纹十二卷的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　条纹十二卷 (Ｈａｗｏｒｔｈｉａｆａｓｃｉａｔａ) ,大型和小型植株各 1种。2　材料类别　花葶。3　培养条件　启动脱分化培养基 :( 1 )改良ＭＳ ＫＴ 2ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 1 ＩＢＡ 0 .5 2 0 %椰子液体胚乳 ;不定芽诱导及增殖培养基 :( 2 )改良ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＫＴ 2 ＩＢＡ 0 .4 2 0 %椰乳 ;长期继代增殖培养基 :( 3)改良ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＮＡＡ0 1或 ( 4 )改良ＭＳ ＫＴ 2 ＩＢＡ 0 2 ,省去椰乳 ;诱导生根培养基 :( 5) 1 /2ＭＳ(大量元素减半 ,微量元素免用 ) ＩＢＡ 0 3。上述培养基均加 3%白…     

Peripheral and central photoreception in Aplysia fasciata.

Extraocular photosensitivity in Aplysia fasciata was studied in the skin and in the central nervous system (CNS). Local illumination causes contractions of the muscles of the body wall, which are obviously mediated by the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Afferent sensory activity is supposedly mainly dependent on stretch reception. Light-induced peripheral reflexes habituate after repetitive stimulation in preparations in which the CNS is present. In preparations without CNS light-induced contractions are remarkably stronger and do not habituate after repititive stimulation. Central responses to peripheral stimulation could be evoked by both "light on" and "light off" stimulation, indicating that 2 types of photosensitive elements are present in the periphery. Observations on isolated CNS-preparations revealed that in the central ganglia photoreceptive elements are also present. Here, too, elements responding to the onset as well as elements responding to the offset of light have been detected.     

The identity and taxonomic affinity of Calathea rotundifolia and C. fasciata (Marantaceae)

The nameCalathea rotundifolia Koern. is a later homonym ofC. rotundifolia Poeppig & Endl. and is replaced by the new combinationC. orbifolia (Linden) Kennedy.Calathea fasciata is recognized as a distinct species. Both species are closely related toC. vaginata and clearly belong inCalathea seriesRhizanthae rather than seriesNudiscapae where placed by Schumann.     

Isolation and structure determination of algicidal compounds from Ulva fasciata

Thirty-seven species of seaweeds including 10 Chlorophyta, 13 Phaeophyta, and 14 Rhodophyta collected from the coast of Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, were screened for algicidal activity against the red-tide phytoplankton Heterosigma akashiwo. The green alga Ulva fasciata (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) showed the strongest algicidal activity among the seaweeds tested. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of U. fasciata led to isolation of three algicidal compounds whose structures were determined to be hexadeca-4,7,10,13-tetraenoic acid (HDTA), octadeca-6,9,12,15-tetraenoic acid (ODTA), and alpha-linolenic acid on the basis of spectroscopic information. These polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed potent algicidal activity against H. akashiwo (LC(50) 1.35 microg/ml, 0.83 microg/ml, and 1.13 microg/ml for HDTA, ODTA, and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively), and the result demonstrated the potential of these PUFAs for practical harmful algal bloom control.     

粉菠萝FVE同源基因的克隆及表达分析

FV E是植物自主开花途径中的关键基因,主要通过抑制FLC的表达来调控花发育过程。本研究利用粉菠萝(Aechmea fasciata)茎尖组织转录组序列数据,通过RACE技术克隆获得了粉菠萝中FVE同源基因AfF-V E的cDNA全长序列。该序列全长为1672 bp,开放阅读框为1404 bp,编码由468个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白,该蛋白序列中含有6个保守的WD重复区域。氨基酸序列比对结果表明,A fFV E基因编码的氨基酸序列与其它物种中FV E的同源序列具有较高的相似性。qRT-PCR (实时荧光定量PCR)分析结果显示,粉菠萝中A fFV E基因对外源乙烯的刺激产生了应答。在采用乙烯利灌心处理不同时间的过程中,发现A fFV E基因的转录水平均在处理后1 d时达到最大,推测AfFVE可能参与乙烯信号反应,该基因在粉菠萝自主开花途径中的调节作用可能受乙烯影响。     

Semi in vivo pollen tube growth of Aechmea fasciata

With semi in vivo pollen tube growth assays, stigmas are pollinated in vivo and, after a fixed time interval, the styles are isolated from the ovary and placed on culture medium in vitro. Semi in vitro pollination includes isolation of the stigma and style complex, followed by pollination and placing the stylar end on nutrient medium. After semi in vivo pollination more and longer pollen tubes protruded from the cut end of the styles into medium, in comparison to semi in vitro pollination. Medium with 3 g l^–1 agar was better than that with 6 g l^–1 agar for pollen tube growth after the tubes emerged from the cut style. Semi in vitro pollination of the reversed style indicated that pollen tube growth was not influenced by the direction of the style. Fructose and glucose inhibited pollen tube growth compared to sucrose. Swollen tips characterized tube growth inhibition. After semi in vivo pollination all generative nuclei had divided to give two sperm nuclei. The average distance between the last sperm nucleus and the pollen tube tip as well as the distance between the two sperm nuclei diminished in growing pollen tubes between 24 and 48 h after pollination. The arrangements between the vegetative and the generative nuclei did not differ in semi in vivo and in vitro cultured pollen tubes of Aechmea fasciata. This information is important to explain why fertilization rate is low after placental pollination in comparison to placental grafted style pollination of Aechmea fasciata. The data may also contribute to the improvement of in vitro fertilization methods in Bromeliaceae and other higher plants.     

Interactions between Psilocybe fasciata and its companion fungus Acremonium strictum

Interactions between Psilocybe fasciata and its companion fungus Acremonium strictum were analysed. The conidia of A. strictum were observed on stipe, flesh and gill of P. fasciata, which suggested that A. strictum is the fungicolous fungi or mycophilic fungi of P. fasciata. The microscopic observations of the interacting hyphae of P. fasciata and A. strictum in dual culture and the negligible activities of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in inducing or non-inducing media of the pure and mixed cultures of the two fungi indicated that A. strictum is not the mycoparasite of P. fasciata. In addition, the co-existence, no pigmentation and dew formation in dual culture of both fungi were observed, which implied that the interference competition between the two fungi is weak. The activities of cellobiase, filter paper enzyme, endoglucanase and xylanase of pure and mixed cultures of P. fasciata and A. strictum were the same or similar, which may allow the co-existence of the two fungi. As a consequence of coevolution, the relationship between P. fasciata and A. strictum is commensalism: A. strictum showed no clear benefit to P. fasciata; however, P. fasciata may shelter A. strictum by its psychoactive tryptamines and may be helpful to conidium dispersal of A. strictum. The relationship between P. fasciata and A. strictum is different from that of A. strictum and other fungi.     

Home-ranges and patterns of spatial use in territorial Bonelli's Eagles Aquila fasciata

Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata is one of the rarest birds of prey in Europe, where it has suffered a significant decline in recent decades. We present information on the home-ranges and spatial parameters of 18 Bonelli's Eagles radiotracked in 2002–2006 in Catalonia (northeast Spain) and describe the home-range probability kernel, distances moved, breeding area eccentricity, territorial overlap, nearest neighbour distance and breeding site fidelity, and assess the influence of sex, breeding status, season and geographical area on these parameters. Median home-range according to the minimum convex polygon (MCP) and 95% kernel were 50.3 and 36.1 km², respectively. The median breeding area eccentricity was 1477 m. There was considerable overlap in the home-range of both sexes within pairs (MCP: 71.4% and 95% kernel: 98.5%), indicating close pair bonding and similar foraging patterns. Overlap in home-ranges of up to 15% between neighbouring individuals also occurred and was positively related to breeding pair density. There was no difference in spatial parameters between sexes or with breeding status, but during the non-breeding season Eagles had larger home-ranges and stayed further from nests. The high consistency across birds suggests a pattern of spatial use that is characteristic of this species. The high level of use of breeding areas and their surroundings (50% kernel) throughout the year makes it important that these areas be protected from human disturbance. Additionally, it is necessary that heavily used areas away from nesting sites, which are used for foraging and roosting, are identified, protected and managed in a sustainable fashion.     

Purification and characterization of a beta-D-mannosidase from the marine anaspidean Aplysia fasciata

A beta-D-mannosidase was purified to homogeneity from visceral mass extract of Aplysia fasciata a mollusc belonging to the order Anaspidea. The purified enzyme is a homodimer with a subunit mass of 130 kDa. Temperature and pH optima of this enzyme were 45 degrees C and 4.5, respectively. Substrate specificity tests revealed that the enzyme exerts only beta-D-mannosidase activity. The K(M) and V(max) values for p-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannopyranoside were determined to be 2.4 mM and 50.3 micromol min(-1)mg(-1), respectively. The catalytic efficiency of this beta-mannosidase (11,519 min(-1)) was significantly higher than those reported for beta-mannosidases from other sources. It was verified that this is an exo-acting glycosyl hydrolase with transglycosidase activity. When the enzyme was incubated in the presence of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannopyranoside, self-transfer of the mannosyl group was observed, and a 10-15% yield of a beta-1-4 disaccharide was obtained. When the reaction was performed in the presence of o-nitrophenyl alpha-D-2-deoxy-N-acetyl glucopyranoside in 3:1 molar ratio with respect to the p-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannopyranoside, two regioisomers (85:15, 12% yield) due to the beta-mannosylation of the heteroacceptor in 4 and in 6 positions were formed.     

Respiratory pumping in Aplysia fasciata in natural and artificial tide pools

 The rate of respiratory pumping is gradually increased when Aplysia fasciata are trapped in either natural or artificial tide pools, in which the O₂ concentration, temperature, salinity and CO₂ concentration are gradually changed. There are also gradual changes in the time spent on additional behaviors. Immobility increases, while feeding and mating decrease. Respiratory pumping is likely to contribute to the ability of Aplysia to survive in a tide pool, since procedures causing a decrease in the respiratory pump rate (ablation of the osphradium or cutting the pleural-abdominal connectives) also cause an increase in the number of animals that become moribund in the tide pool. Respiratory pumping in artificial tide pools is triggered by a combination of all four stimuli that are changed, but the effects caused by changes in the O₂ concentration and temperature are the largest. Changes in other behaviors were also caused by all of the stimuli that are altered in artificial tide pools. Accepted: 25 July 1996     

蜻蜓凤梨开花相关基因AfFPF1初步研究

FPF1 (flowering-promoting factor 1)是参与植物开花期遗传控制的重要家族之一。迄今为止,人们对蜻蜓凤梨中FPF1家族了解有限。本研究以热带花卉蜻蜓凤梨为材料,基于转录组测序数据,克隆获得AfFPF1基因。该基因编码的蛋白含103个氨基酸,分子质量为12.06 kD。AfFPF1转录本在蜻蜓凤梨的根中显著高表达,此外其表达量受外源乙烯强诱导,且响应赤霉素。AfFPF1基因在拟南芥中异位表达使其开花时间提前,莲座叶数目减少,促进其根系生长。对转基因拟南芥内源开花基因进行表达量检测,发现转基因植株中,一些开花促进基因如AtFT、AtAP1、AtLFY、AtFUL、AtSOC1表达量显著升高,而抑制开花基因AtFLC表达量下调,进一步证实AfFPF1能正调控拟南芥的开花时间,且可能与这些基因相互作用。研究结果初步证实AfFPF1可能参与调控蜻蜓凤梨开花过程,为进一步研究AfFPF1功能、通过基因工程调控蜻蜓凤梨开花以及乙烯诱导蜻蜓凤梨开花分子机制提供了理论依据。     

Hydrolyses and transglycosylations performed by purified alpha-D-glucosidase of the marine mollusc Aplysia fasciata

The purification and characterisation of the alpha-glucosidase from the marine mollusc Aplysia fasciata are reported. Overall substrate specificity of the pure enzyme for both hydrolytic and transglycosylation reactions was studied. Remarkable characteristics of this enzyme are indicated by the results of the interesting survey of transglycosylation reactions reported: pyridoxine glucosylation, synthesis of chromophoric (pNP) di- and trisaccharides, glucosylation of cellobiose and sucrose. For these last two acceptors both the yields of reactions and the concentrations of products are comparable to those obtained using glycosyl transferases; in addition, synthesis of pyridoxine and chromophoric glycosides were still possible using a 1:1 ratio maltose:acceptor which is a very interesting characteristic from a synthetic point of view (effortless purification, productivity of each reaction batch, etc.).