吉林省延吉盆地早白垩世被子植物化石

吉林省延吉盆地大拉子组的被子植物化石约有10种。它们具有早白垩世较原始被子植物的形态特征,和北美早白垩世波托马克群的Ⅰ-Ⅱ带的植物分子相同,并与蒙古早白垩世(Neocomian)植物群有些接近,而与苏联、葡萄牙等地的早白垩世(Albian)的被子植物差别甚大,故大拉子组的时代可暂归于 Aptian。植物组合特征说明在早白垩世中期,北半球的欧亚和北美植物区系具有更为密切的关系。并从植物组合及沉积特征分析了古环境。     

辽宁西部晚侏罗世晚期义县组的似麻黄属植物

《辽西义县组单子叶植物化石的发现》中被归入被子叶植物门单子叶植物纲莎草科和禾 本科的化石,经与现代麻黄科植物对比研究后,发现它们应归入裸子植物门麻黄科似麻黄属。讨论似麻黄属植物的命名,地理分布和生态环境。     

麻黄属种子表面纹饰的多样性及其系统学意义

麻黄属(Ephedra)的分子系统学研究结果明显不同于基于雌球果成熟苞片质地的传统分类,指出麻黄属的形态特征和分子特征存在冲突。对麻黄属53种植物的种子表面微形态特征进行了研究,结果表明麻黄属的种子表面纹饰包括3种主要类型,即横向片层型(T型)、乳突型(P型)和扁平型(S型)。麻黄属的种子表面纹饰特征既与宏观形态特征不相关,也与分子系统学的研究结果不相关,表明该属微形态特征、宏观形态特征和分子特征之间的更多冲突。在欧洲和东亚发现的与买麻藤类有关的几个大化石带有T型种子表面纹饰,暗示具有T型纹饰的麻黄类植物在早白垩纪就十分多样。     

草麻黄雌性生殖器官的个体发生和畸形式样研究

用扫描电镜观察并分析了草麻黄（Ephedra sinica Stapf)雌性生殖器官的个体发生及畸形式样。该种雌球花个体发生式样与麻黄属其他具双胚朱球果的类群基本一致。外珠被以一对近轴侧突起物出现以及该突起物与苞片成交互排列的发育式样支持前人关于该构造叶性本质的论述,而内珠被与珠心的发育相关,因此可能是真正的珠被,基于返祖性畸形三胚珠球花的出现及其他形态特征,认为麻黄属胚珠数目减少是该属内物种特化的一个趋势;利用雌球花发育的畸形现象及外珠被的形态学本质提出麻黄属的雌球果为复轴性构造,雌性生殖单位是由类似于科达类的次级生殖枝构造经系统发育变态,融合,简化成现存的生胚珠构造式样,每一可育苞片及其腋内雌性生殖单位共同组成了麻黄属的苞鳞－种鳞复合体。     

中国早白垩纪被子植物生殖器官

自1990年报道了产自我国延边大拉子组的几种原始被子植物叶部印痕化石后, 最近又发现若 干种被子植物的生殖器官化石,本文报道的化石植物是Archimagnolia rostrato-stylosa gen．et sp．Nov.’Eucommioites orientalis sp．Nov. 分别与现生相关植物的生殖器官作了比较研究,并认为与木兰类和 杜仲类植物有亲缘。大拉子组为一套灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和黑色油页岩互层所组成。 同层除保 存了较多的植物化石外,还有双壳类、叶肢介、介形类、昆虫和鱼类等。 该层位的地质时代为早白垩世的Aptian-Albian。     

木兰科的化石记录

通过整理和分析木兰科植物的化石记录发现：不论是植物大化石还是花粉,迄今为止在白垩纪以前地层中尚无可靠的记录,自白垩纪以来,木兰科的许多种广泛发生于北半球,如亚洲,欧洲及北美等地,但非洲和大洋洲至今尚未发现木兰科的化石记录。该科最早的化石记录为中国东北延吉地区早白垩世大拉子组的喙柱始木兰Archimagnolia rostrato-stylose Tao et Zhang. 根据现有化石记录,并结合木兰科现代植物的地理分布,推测：1）木兰科的起源时间不迟于早白垩世Aptian-Albian期;2）木兰科起源地点可能是东亚,后来经过欧洲进入北美,再从北美迁移到达南美洲;3）在地质历史时期,木兰属的出现比鹅掌楸属早,从而支持根据形态学与分子系统学研究得出的木兰属较鹅掌楸属原始的结论。     

吉林九台营城组孢粉组合及古植被、古气候探讨

营城组为一套火山岩、火山碎屑岩夹含煤地层,其时代一直存有争议。本文研究了吉林省九台羊草沟煤田4个钻孔中营城组上、下段的孢粉化石,经鉴定计有60属103种,现描述16属22种,包括1个新种。根据孢粉组合的分析,认为营城组下段时代为早白垩世Berriasian期,上段为Valanginian—Hauterivian期。早白垩世该区发育以松科、罗汉松科为主,兼有麻黄科、掌鳞杉科及海金砂科、桫椤科、卷柏科、蚌壳蕨科、莎草蕨料、水龙骨科等多种蕨类植物繁茂的植物群,气候属温暖湿润的亚热带型。     

中国麻黄属的地理分布与演化

中国现有麻黄属植物１５种,２变种和１变型,这些种属于膜果麻黄组和麻黄组中的麻黄亚组,没有原始类型藤麻黄亚组的代表。我国除长江中下游及珠江流域的省区处,其他省区都有分布。麻黄花粉的化石－麻分在地层中的分布说明,麻黄在过去曾遍布我国各地,发现的最早时期是在侏罗纪,到白垩纪－早第三纪时,种类较现在丰富,将近５０种,根据麻黄粉在世界各地地层中的分布和时期,结合大陆飘移和海底扩张板块构造学说推断,原麻黄在各     

黑龙江林甸县白垩纪的植物化石和孢粉组合

黑龙江省林甸县泉头组所产植物化石,有古老的蕨类 Cladophlebis 和 Onychiopsis,其余是被子植物 Protophyllum undulatum sp.nov、Viburniphyllum serrulatum sp.nov.和 Plantno-phyllum sp.等。岩石中保存的孢粉有20种,19个属,绝大多数为蕨类孢子,类型多,数量大,其次是裸子植物,被子植物极少。植物化石孢粉组合特征,是以蕨类植物占绝对优势,裸子植物次之,被子植物极少。植物化石的种类多曾出现于早白垩世晚期,有原始叶属和形小而叶脉不规则的古老类型。多数孢粉化石曾出现于早白垩世,其中以早白垩世晚期的类型为数较多。这种组合,可以和美国东部的 Potomac 组的 Patapsco 层相比较,亦可与西伯利亚 Kolyma 盆地的早白垩世植物群对比。化石层的地质时代属早白垩世的 Aptian-Albian。当时气候暖热而潮湿。     

麻黄科植物学问大

棍子植物中的麻黄科,仅有一个麻黄属,总共约40种,中国有12种及4变种。种数虽少,可分类上并不容易。尤其因为它们的植株形态相似,常常认不准确。三个县混淆的属麻黄、木贼、木麻黄三个属（种）植物分别属于探子植物麻黄科、获类植物木贼科、被子植物木麻黄科。可是它们营养     

吉林汪清早白垩世似卷柏化石*

文中描述了发现于吉林汪清下白垩统大拉子组似卷柏化石:纤细草本,侧叶和中叶呈四行排列。侧叶互生,卵形,全缘,顶端尖锐,叶片前端略向内侧弯曲,叶背呈龙骨状,基部无柄,略呈鞘状;中叶生于两侧叶之间,形态与侧叶相似,在茎上密集贴生。该化石与报道自我国辽西下白垩统义县组下部尖山沟层的多产似卷柏Selaginellites fausta(Wu)Sun and Zheng特征相似,但由于未保存生殖器官结构,无法进一步详细对比,因此将其定为Selaginellites cf.fausta(Wu)Sun and Zheng。这是我国目前为止发现的距今最近的似卷柏化石,丰富了中国似卷柏的化石记录。     

STEMS AND LEAVES OF CUNNINGHAMIOSTROBUS GOEDERTII FROM THE OLIGOCENE OF WASHINGTON

This report is based on nine specimens of fossil conifer stems and leaves from the Early Oligocene Jansen Creek Member of the Makah Formation. They were collected along the northern shore of the Olympic Peninsula of Washington. The fossils are preserved as siliceous permineralizations and were exposed in surface view along rock fractures. Details of leaf morphology and epidermal construction appear on fracture surfaces of certain specimens while the cellular construction of the leaves and twigs is visible in thin sections. Leaves are dorsiventrally flattened, attached to twigs that contain up to four growth increments of secondary xylem, up to 2.3 cm long, 3.5 mm wide, and have parallel margins with minute teeth. The leaves are about 0.5 mm thick and have a central vascular strand surrounded by transfusion tissue. A large resin canal occurs abaxial to the vascular strand, and generally two additional resin canals occur in the mesophyll near each leaf margin. Leaves are mostly hypostomatic, with sunken stomata in two longitudinal bands, one to each side of the midline of the leaf and each containing eight to 13 longitudinal rows of stomata. Several unusual anatomical features in the stems also occur in the peduncle and cone axis of seed cones described as Cunninghamiostrobus goedertii, which occurs at the same locality. Thus, the leafy twigs belong to the same species as produced the cones. The cones, leaves, and shoots of this Tertiary conifer are similar to those of modern Cunninghamia but differ from the living species in several respects.     

河南潭头、卢氏和灵宝盆地上白垩统一下第三系的划分

在这篇短文中,根据脊椎动物化石的发现,进一步叙述和讨论了豫西潭头、灵宝和卢氏三个盆地的中、新生代地层的划分问题。在这三个盆地的中、新生代堆积物中,属于晚白垩世的有潭头盆地秋扒组和灵宝盆地的南朝组,后一个盆地还可能存在着时代更早的白垩纪地层。在潭头盆地的高峪沟组和大章组中分别找到中古新世的阶齿兽、中兽科和晚古新世的牧兽科、假古猬科化石;在潭头组中发现原恐角兽类和古脊齿兽类化石,时代为早始新世。在灵宝盆地的项城群中尚未找到哺乳类化石,可能包括古新世和始新世早中期的堆积。卢氏盆地的卢氏组和锄钩峪组以及灵宝盆地的川口组和浑水河组的时代为晚始新世。卢氏组下部和川口组或许可延至中始新世。     

A NEW GENUS OF HIODONTIDAE FROM LUOZIGOU BASIN, EAST JILIN

<正> Manchurichthys (Saito, 1936) has been, for a long time, the only representative of fossil vertebrate known from the Oil-bearing member of Dalazi Formation, Luozigou Basin, East Jilin. Since 1978, some new materials have been collected there by the Regional Geological Brigade of Jilin Province and the present author. Two more forms of fossil fishes are not known to occur in the rocks of this section. One is Sinarnia luozigouensis (Li, 1984) which is referred to Amiiformes; the other, Yanbiania (gen. nov.), is described in this paper and included in the osteoglossomorphan family Hiodontidae.     

Mesozoic Araucariaceae: Morphology and systematic relationships

The Southern Hemisphere conifer family Araucariaceae has a very restricted present day distribution, but was more widespread in the past. The genusAraucaria is represented by good fossil material in both hemispheres as early as the Jurassic, whileAgathis is only known from the Southern Hemisphere beginning in the Cretaceous. Cuticle studies of extant araucarians have enabled accurate comparisons of fossil leaves to living taxa.Araucaria SectionBunya is represented by cones of several types in the Jurassic. In addition to these remains, a suite of araucarian cones showing affinities to several sections of the genusAraucaria have been described from England, Japan and North America. Evidence that fossil araucarian cones may have produced seeds with hypogeal germination is discussed in light of recent work on germination of extant bunya seedlings and the discovery of new fossil shoots from the Jurassic Morrison Formation of Utah.     

被子植物的花化石研究

五十多年前胡骕在研究山东临朐县山旺组的植物化石中,发现有花的化石,仅保存了5个花瓣或仅5个萼片,均难给予确切的分类位置;六十年代我们两次去山旺野外工作,发现为数较多,同样仅保存花瓣或萼片的化石。本文研究的是80年代发现并保存较为完好的花化石。新近李凤麟详细论述了各门类化石,均认为山旺组的地质时代属中中新世。近十余年来,国际上被子植物的花化石的研究进展较快。每次花化石的发现,对研究被子植物种系发生、系统位置及在地史中的演化及演变速率等均是极重要     

SILICIFIED PINUS REMAINS FROM THE MIOCENE OF WASHINGTON

Silicified leaves, dwarf shoots, pollen cones, and seed cones of Pinus from a Late Miocene chert bed within the Yakima Basalt Formation near Yakima, Washington are interpreted as coming from a single new species, P. foisyi. The needles and dwarf shoots are those of a three-needle pine. The needles contain two to four medial resin canals, a biform hypodermis, and endodermal cells with uniformly thickened walls. The pollen cones are ellipsoidal and about 1 cm long, and many contain bisaccate pollen grains. The seed cones are at least 6 cm long and are slightly asymmetrical. The cone axis has a broad sclerotic outer cortex, and the seed wing extends from a thick parenchymatous base. The scale apex bears a conspicuously swollen projection. The foliage and seed cones are identifiable with the Subgenus Pinus, Section Pinus, Subsection Oocarpae independently of one another, and together indicate a fossil species related to the modem Californian closed cone pines. Pinus foisyi represents one of the earliest occurrences of cone asymmetry associated with this group. However, cone serotiny characteristic of the modem species appears to have evolved after the Late Miocene.     

贵州早-中寒武世凯里组类似苔藓植物化石(英文)

贵州台江早-中寒武世凯里组保存大量的生物化石,它构成了寒武纪重要的生物群之一——凯里生物群。在凯里生物群中保存有丰富的碳质薄膜藻类化石,新发现类似苔藓植物化石(Parafunaria sinensis Yang(gen.et sp.nov)),它具有藓类植物所拥有的典型的叶状体轮生现象、孢朔、孢朔柄和复杂的根系特征。推测它是藓类植物祖先,它为进一步研究藓类植物和陆生高等植物的起源和演化提供了新的线索。