首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
    
Wildlife-friendly produce shows promise in addressing the disconnect between consumers' choices and the loss of biodiversity from agriculture. However, the scope of programs and their contribution to conservation remain limited. An improved understanding of specific markets, combined with auspicious scenarios, could address this. In Australia's Murray-Darling Basin, rice fields support the largest known breeding population of the Australasian bittern, a globally endangered waterbird. We surveyed 1478 Australian consumers about their values for “bittern-friendly” rice. To help support successful bittern breeding, consumers' mean willingness-to-pay for a 1-kg product, normally $3.00, was $4.12—a premium of 37%—while the inferred valuation for their nearest neighbor was $3.79, a 26% premium. In a choice experiment, rice directly sourced from bittern-friendly rice growers attracted the highest premium, approaching 200%, but conventional rice with indirect support for bittern-friendly growers was also highly valued. Consumers valued endorsement and certification labels from all organizations more than individual ones, and would pay additional premiums for reduced pesticide use or organic products. Feasibility of broad-scale, consumer-funded incentive programs is emphasized by an engaging narrative and a supportive, cohesive rice industry. Similar opportunities likely exist where consumers can be central to endangered species conservation, expanding wildlife-friendly farming coverage.  相似文献   

2.
This article analyzes Dutch consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the welfare of broiler chickens and the consequences for nonhuman animal welfare policies. Using data from a discrete-choice experiment and a random parameter logit model, this study showed that consumers particularly value opportunities for outdoor access and the method used for anesthesia before slaughter. The WTP was also positively related to the number of consumers buying the same product, indicating that they experience the public-good dilemma. Moreover, the WTP was higher if consumers knew that animal welfare practices were subject to public or collective supervision. Women, people with more education, those with higher income, and nonreligious people had relatively high WTP values. For 87.5% of the respondents, the WTP exceeded the price difference between a broiler with a higher level of animal welfare and a regular chicken. The findings suggest that the Dutch market for broiler chickens can be improved by raising consumer confidence in the labeling system.  相似文献   

3.
王奕淇  李国平 《生态学报》2020,40(9):2877-2885
在流域生态补偿机制的建设中,相关利益主体的生态补偿意愿和行为的分析对政策的管理和执行至关重要。运用选择实验法对渭河流域中下游居民的支付意愿进行考察,通过构建Mixed Logit模型对城乡居民的支付意愿及其偏好进行实证分析。研究发现,城镇和农村居民的选择显著受到水质、河流面积/水量、水土流失情况、动物种类/数量这4个属性变量的正向影响,支付金额的负向影响;其次,城镇和农村居民对水质这一属性具有最高的支付意愿,对河流面积/水量这一属性具有次高的支付意愿,而对动物种类/数量这一属性具有最低的支付意愿;最后,城镇和农村居民的平均支付意愿分别为13.168元月-1-1和9.050元月-1-1,前者的支付意愿明显高于后者。  相似文献   

4.
    
To pilot an exploration of older adults' future preferences using discrete choice experiments to understand who should provide dental examinations and treatment, where these services should be provided, and participants' willingness to pay and willingness to travel.  相似文献   

5.
张高峰  孔繁花  胡宏 《生态学报》2025,45(10):4667-4680
既有低碳社区建设的研究成果丰富,但多关注新建社区的低碳技术应用,鲜有分析不同类型社区居民对低碳更新的支付意愿差异及驱动机制。从社区类型差异切入,基于南京市中心城区35个社区765份有效问卷,采用离散选择模型和XGboost算法解析不同类型社区居民的低碳更新支付意愿及主要影响因素。结果表明,社区分异对居民的低碳更新支付意愿存在显著影响,传统社区和城中村的居民整体支付意愿较低,更注重更新建筑维护结构;普通商品房小区居民具有较高支付意愿,对门窗改造和空调系统更为关注;绿色商品房小区居民对于墙体外保温、清洁能源设施和社区更新的支付意愿最高;除社区类型外,家庭年收入、居住环境满意度、社会责任感、低碳知识水平等是影响居民低碳更新支付意愿的主要因素。研究可为社区低碳更新提供适应性和精细化策略参考,完善低碳社区自下而上的建设路径。  相似文献   

6.
陈述性偏好法是当前用于评估环境物品非市场价值的主要方法,包括条件价值评估法(CVM)和选择实验(CE).本文利用陈述性偏好法对三江平原湿地的生态保护价值进行评估,基于随机效用理论构建陈述性偏好方法的支付意愿评价模型,求出基于CVM与CE的三江平原湿地生态保护价值的支付意愿(WTP).结果表明: 基于CE的平均支付意愿为每年379元,不同选择属性的边际支付意愿分别是水源涵养为每年114.00元,湿地面积为每年72.55元,自然景观为每年59.55元,生物多样性为每年37.09元;CVM的平均支付意愿为每年134元.分析支付意愿的影响因素,并对受访者拒绝支付原因进行探讨.CE方法得到受访者的支付意愿显著高于CVM方法,社会经济属性中受教育程度和个人平均年收入与受访者的支付意愿呈显著正相关,而拒绝支付原因没有显著差异.CE可以进行多属性、多水平分析,求出湿地各选择属性的支付意愿,因此CE比CVM更能揭示受访者的偏好信息,其评估结果更接近于实际.  相似文献   

7.
敖长林  陈瑾婷  焦扬  王静 《生态学报》2013,33(16):5109-5117
应用二分式条件价值评估法对三江平原湿地生态保护价值进行定量评价。运用支付意愿函数模型构建双边界二分式CVM数据分析模型,应用生存分析中的参数回归模型建立支付意愿影响因素分析模型。建立具有距离变量及个人社会、经济属性变量的支付意愿函数,验证支付意愿具有\"距离衰减性\"。研究采用以面访调查为主、网上调查为辅的方式,进行支付意愿问卷调查,得出2010年三江平原湿地生态保护的人均支付意愿为134.582元/a,三江平原湿地的生态保护价值为33.412亿元/a。研究结论为政府相关政策的制定提供参考依据。  相似文献   

8.
为把握森林不同深度的土壤温度对区域气候变暖的响应,评估气候变暖对亚热带森林土壤呼吸的影响,利用在哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林中设置的土壤增温和土壤呼吸人工控制实验,对2011—2013年的对照样地和增温样地不同深度的土壤温度实测数据进行了分析,结果表明:区域气候变暖导致的温度升高不改变土壤温度的年变化和日变化特征;干季的增温效应大于雨季;同一深度增温效应具有一定的年变化,但日变化不明显;增温效应在土壤表层较大,1—4月明显,2月最高,增温可达3℃;5 cm深度的平均增温效应在2℃左右,且年变化较小;随着深度的增加,增温效应呈现对数降低趋势;如果以0.5℃为增温效应的阈值,推算可得出:干季的影响深度为3.82 m,雨季可达12.04 m,年均为6.58 m。  相似文献   

9.
土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)是土壤施肥、改良的主要依据和土壤质量的评价指标,研究土壤CEC的空间分布及模型预测可为土壤养分监测、管理及精准农业实施提供科学依据。本研究以中宁枸杞林地粉壤土为对象,在自相关、交互相关等分析基础上,采用协同克里格(CoKriging)、普通最小二乘法(OLS)、地理加权回归(GWR)和随机森林(RF)模型对土壤CEC进行回归分析,比较了制图效果及模型预测精度。结果表明:中宁枸杞林地粉壤土CEC平均值为13.12 cmol·kg-1,属中等肥力;土壤CEC的空间分布具有自相关性,并与土壤pH、有机质、黏粒和电导率在不同滞后距离上存在不同的空间相互关系; RF模型预测图避免了CoKriging、OLS和GWR模型预测图中土壤CEC图斑边界两侧破碎程度大、突变明显的缺陷,使土壤CEC在空间变化上表现为自然、平缓的过渡; RF模型RMSE值分别比CoKriging、OLS和GWR模型减少33.82%、20.55%和19.81%,R2分别提高8.84%、51.92%和7.69%。RF模型考虑了样点空间位置,明显提高了插值精度且...  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the interobserver reproducibility of the diagnosis of 'adequacy' of cervical smears according to the Bethesda System criteria in cervical smears. STUDY DESIGN: 358 cervical smears were obtained from three Italian cytopathological centres in 1998-99. All centres provided consecutively collected smears. The cervical smears were independently and blindly assessed by four cytologists.The screening was performed using a 10x objective and an additional evaluation of the percentage of cellularity was performed using a 4x objective. RESULTS: The proportion of smears assessed by the four cytologists as 'adequate' ranged from 60% to 70%, the proportion of 'satisfactory for evaluation but limited by' ranged from 27% to 38%, and the proportion of 'inadequate smears' ranged from 2% to 4%. Full agreement in the assessment of smear adequacy was observed in 311 slides and disagreement was observed only in 47. The category 'inadequate smear' was less reliable than the other two; however, the kappa value observed was acceptable. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that it is possible to achieve a high reproducibility in the assessment of smear adequacy, at least among expert cytologists who follow the Bethesda System criteria strictly.  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the value of the cervical smear test to women, taking account of the positive and negative aspects of the cervical screening service. DESIGN: A postal survey. SETTING: Tayside Health Board region of Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 2000 women aged 20-59. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for a cervical smear test. RESULTS: Women were prepared to pay 50.20 British pounds per smear on a 3-yearly basis. Willingness to pay was positively related to income, but unrelated to age and whether or not the respondent had previously had a smear. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies have estimated the cost per screen or cost per life year saved by cervical screening. This study used the economic instrument of WTP to take account of other potential (dis)benefits to women. The value women place on having a smear was more than the cost to the National Health Service (NHS) of providing the service. The output of a WTP study is potentially useful at the policy level. Future work should explore both the value of alternative approaches to cervical screening, and the value of competing health care interventions.  相似文献   

12.
    
In the future, the lignocellulosic perennial crops short rotation coppice (SRC) and miscanthus are supposed to provide renewable raw materials for a bio‐based economy. To assess the potential regional supply of these crops, which are not yet widespread in Baden–Wuerttemberg (Southwest Germany), we used a two‐step approach. In a first step, we conducted a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) in regions of Baden–Wuerttemberg that—given their site conditions—are suitable for SRC or miscanthus. The respondents were characterized by significant preference heterogeneity for both (negatively valued) perennial crops and for all presented choice attributes. Thus, it was appropriate to estimate a random parameter logit model (RPL). The attributes average yearly contribution margin, long‐term purchase guarantee and cultivation by colleagues in the neighborhood had a significantly positive effect on the likelihood of cultivation, whereas the attributes contribution margin variability and initial investment need showed a significantly negative effect. In a second step, assuming realistic values for the levels of the attributes considered in the DCE, in stochastic simulations, we randomly draw part‐worth utilities from the multivariate normal distribution of these parameters according to the RPL results. This way, for alternative biomass prices, we derived shares of farmers’ willing to engage in perennial crop production and produced related regional supply functions. Under moderate yield and realistic input and farmland opportunity cost assumptions, the full regional miscanthus potential can only be achieved when farmers are offered either subsidies or price‐risk‐reducing long‐term contracts. Based on empirically determined heterogeneous farmer preferences, our two‐step approach is suitable to yield realistic estimations of any not yet implemented farming practices. We finally note caveats related to our analysis and discuss some policy implications of the major findings.  相似文献   

13.
濒危物种价值评估可为生物多样性保护提供重要的政策支撑。本文以国家二级重点保护植物翅果油树为例,从利益相关者视角作为切入点,基于选择实验法评价其偏好和支付意愿(WTP),进而探讨生态补偿机制。基于管理部门、企业和农户三方利益相关者的利益诉求,分析确定了5个翅果油树的物种属性,即种植面积、产品分类、树苗品种、保护投入和农户收益。运用随机参数Logit模型分析了利益相关者对不同物种属性变量的偏好和支付意愿。结果表明: 受访者对“保护增加投入”偏好最强和支付意愿最高,每户为331.00 yuan·a-1;对产品开发的“高低端产品同时开发”和“高端产品开发为主”变量偏好次之,WTP分别为每户242.71和227.57 yuan·a-1;对“农户收益”、“保护投入不变”、“树苗品种”和“种植面积”由强到弱依次表现出一定的偏好及支付意愿;而对“保护不投入”和“低端产品开发为主”偏好最弱且WTP为负值。通过直接和间接补偿方式对补偿客体(翅果油树及其生境)实施生态补偿,得到的补偿剩余价值为每户每年285.62元。  相似文献   

14.
于文金  谢剑  邹欣庆 《生态学报》2011,31(23):7271-7278
采用意愿调查价值评估法(CVM)法定量评估湿地生态功能修复保护非使用价值,力图探讨支付能力与支付意愿的相关机理.研究结果显示:(1)支付意愿调研综合置信度为2.652,处于可信程度较高的范畴,3个调研区的集中度均呈现不规则偏正态分布,WTP中位数与平均数重现性良好,中支付区域集中度达86%,符合经济学原理,说明WTP结果可信度较高.(2)公务员、教师、律师、高薪企业工人、部分高收入农民、军人支付意愿较高,两者的相关性高达0.937以上.(3)按CVM法计算,当地居民对世行工程的平均支付意愿为户均支付19.19元/月,产生区域支付差异的原因主要在于不同区域随机被访者职业构成和收入构成存在差异.(4)在估算湿地生态功能恢复项目支付意愿时CVM法是可靠的基本方法,支付能力是支付意愿的重要制约因素,中等支付能力者支付金额最高,支付能力与支付意愿之间存在不仅仅是正相关而是复杂的关联性.  相似文献   

15.
在政府环境审计项目中,政府审计机关面临着对环境改善效益进行评估的需要。由于环境资源不具有市场价值,目前条件价值评估方法是唯一能对环境物品进行评估的技术方法。首先对条件价值评估方法及其步骤进行了分析,然后将其应用于实际的审计案例,验证其可行性和有效性。案例研究把江苏省无锡市五里湖作为假想市场,以元锡市当地居民和来此旅游的游客为调查对象,利用问卷调查方式针对五里湖环境改善前后公众的满意度、受访者的旅游支付意愿以及对综合整治工程的资助意愿进行调查分析。对452位受访者调查结果显示,受访者对于五里湖环境改善后的满意度确有显著提高;在环境改善后受访者的旅游支付意愿为89.1元(总支付金额22275万元),与改善前的支付意愿22.6元(总支付金额5650万元)相比有较大提高;对综合整治工程的资助意愿为平均每人140.2元(总支付金额62063万元);然后从受访者不同的社会经济属性及对自然生态的认识与态度等各种因素,对受访者的支付意愿进行分析显示,对公众满意度影响最显著的因素是家庭年收入和职业,对五里湖综合整治工程的资助意愿影响最显著的因素是家庭年收入和教育程度,而所在地域、性别、年龄及是否参加环保社团对支付意愿无显著性影响。  相似文献   

16.
条件价值评估法在非市场价值评估中的应用   总被引:30,自引:2,他引:30       下载免费PDF全文
条件价值评估法(CVM)是非市场价值评估技术中最为重要、应用最为广泛的一种方法。从生态系统服务功能评估的角度出发,在CVM的基础理论和大量国内外研究案例的基础上,总结出CVM国内外研究各自的特点,并比较了二者的异同之处。CVM国内外研究案例主要在研究领域、研究重点、研究结果、引导工具及调查方式五大方面有所不同,而在总体趋势等方面具有共同的特征。最后针对我国国情,对CVM的实际操作提出改进方向。  相似文献   

17.
敖长林  周领  焦扬  王世雪 《生态学报》2016,36(3):854-862
双边界二分式条件价值评估法是当前广泛应用于评估生态环境和自然资源价值的陈述偏好法。为了研究双边界二分式CVM中,不同分布中初始投标值数量及样本容量对WTP的影响,应用蒙特卡洛模拟和支付意愿函数模型相结合的方法,用概率分位数设计投标值,分别选择数据来源不同的Weibull分布和对数Logistic分布,动态模拟不同初始投标值数量和样本容量对WTP期望值产生的影响。模拟结果表明,对不同的WTP概率分布,初始投标值数量和样本容量对WTP的影响趋势是一致的,当初始投标值数量和样本容量分别大于5和500时,初始投标值数量和样本容量的增加,对WTP估计值的影响程度越来越小。研究结果表明,在二分式CVM研究中,当以WTP期望为代表值时,其初始投标值数量和样本容量至少为5和500。研究结论为二分式CVM问卷设计中投标值数量及样本容量的设定提供参考依据。  相似文献   

18.
单长青  李甲亮  李超  于祥 《生态科学》2012,31(3):340-344
运用CVM和统计分析方法,调查了黄河三角洲城市噪声环境质量改善居民的支付意愿,得出愿意为城市噪声质量改善支付部分金钱的占71.3%,支付额平均为3.64元/(月.人);性别和教育程度对居民支付意愿均无显著影响,年龄、月收入和噪声影响程度对居民支付意愿均呈显著的正相关关系,职业对支付意愿有显著影响,但变化规律不明显。性别和噪声影响程度对支付水平无显著影响,年龄和教育程度对支付水平均呈显著负相关关系,职业和月收入对支付水平呈显著正相关关系。  相似文献   

19.
采用条件价值法,调查了贵阳市居民保护森林资源过程中的参与意愿、支付意愿和受偿意愿,并以此为依据,对影响支付意愿和受偿意愿的主要社会经济因子进行统计分析,构建贵阳市居民基本情况与支付意愿和受偿意愿之间的评价模型,并对贵阳市森林资源的非市场价值进行评估,希望能对贵阳市森林资源的保护以及生态补偿标准的制定提供科学依据,从而减少由于生态环境的破坏引起的经济损失,使贵阳市森林生态环境向着健康有序的方向发展。  相似文献   

20.
不确定性影响下的平均支付意愿参数估计   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
条件估值法(CVM)是估算环境物品经济价值最主要的技术方法之一。由于条件估值法中的支付意愿依赖于受访者的看法,而不是他们真实的市场行为,因此存在着诸如调查者提供的背景信息不充分、问卷格式不同等一系列不确定性因素,这些都将直接影响到受访者的支付意愿。对支付卡式(PaymentCard)调查问卷进行了扩展,增设一道反映受访者对其投标数值的确定性程度问题,在此基础上建立了支付意愿的不确定性模型,并以评估宝天高速公路(牛背至天水段)沿线生态环境的总经济价值为例进行了实证分析。研究结果表明:运用不确定性模型计算出的平均支付意愿为32.12元,总经济价值为284~349万元;与不考虑不确定性因素计算出的平均支付意愿(62.17元)相比,二者相差1倍;而总经济价值相差近294~327万元。这表明,CVM中不确定性因素对平均支付意愿影响很大,如不考虑将导致计算结果不精确,甚至存在较大误差。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号