植物花粉管中类整联蛋白的免疫荧光定位研究

利用免疫荧光技术,分别用整联蛋白β_3、α_y亚基胞质域抗血清及整联蛋白VnR(Vitronectin的受体)的抗血清在百合花粉管中检测出荧光标记,且在花粉管尖端逐渐增强,而用FnR(纤粘连蛋白的受体)、LnR(层粘连蛋白的受体)的抗血清及非免疫血清对照实验在百合花粉管中则没有或仅有很弱的荧光。在萌发的碧桃花粉管中,用β_1、β_3亚基胞质域抗血清也能检测出荧光标记,初步结果显示花粉管在生长过程中,质膜上有可能存在类整联蛋白,并且在百合花粉管中这种类整联蛋白可能是由α_v和β_3两种亚基组成的Vn样蛋白的受体。     

整联蛋白与生长因子受体信号转导通路间的"串话"

整联蛋白是由α、β两种跨膜亚基组成的异源二聚体,是介导胞外基质（ＥＣＭ）粘附的主要细胞表面受体家族。整联蛋白介导的粘附作用参与调节多种细胞功能。近十年间对整联蛋白的研究已从发现其家族的新成员转至描述各种整联蛋白的具体功能,主要热点在于：１．整联蛋白是细胞迁移的关键效应分子;２．整联蛋白与生长因子受体合作促进细胞的增殖,其原因至少部分是由于锚定依赖在细胞周期中由Ｇ１到Ｓ期所起的作用;３．粘附是细胞退出细胞周期开始分化的必要条件;４．当粘附的组织细胞脱离ＥＣＭ时,则丧失了存活信号而发生凋亡［１］。近…     

整联蛋白与其配体结合的分子机制研究进展

整联蛋白是细胞表面的主要膜受体,具有介导细胞与细胞基质间的黏附及病毒吸附细胞等功能。αⅠ结构域型整联蛋白和非αⅠ结构域型整联蛋白与配体结合的方式各异。对整联蛋白-配体复合物分子结构的研究表明,整联蛋白利用其配体结合位点的αMIDAS（依赖金属离子的吸附位点）、βMIDAS与各种类型配体结合。     

整联蛋白与口蹄疫病毒感染

整联蛋白是一类分布广泛的细胞表面受体家族,它不仅在细胞的生长、移行、增殖和分化等许多方面发挥重要生物学功能,而且在多种病理过程中发挥重要作用。许多病毒都能利用整联蛋白分子作为病毒受体或共受体进入宿主细胞。本文主要就整联蛋白的特征及其在口蹄疫病毒感染宿主细胞过程中的作用机制进行综述。     

β-TC3细胞膜与胰岛素受体结合G蛋白的鉴定

目的:用免疫共沉淀的方法检测β-TC3(小鼠胰岛β细胞瘤细胞)细胞膜中与胰岛素受体结合的G蛋白.方法:提取β-TC3细胞膜蛋白,通过免疫共沉淀及蛋白质印迹的方法,检测G蛋白α及β亚基的表达.结果:抗胰岛素受体抗体沉淀胰岛素受体结合的G蛋白复合物后,分别用抗胰岛素受体抗体、抗G蛋白α亚基抗体及抗G蛋白β亚基抗体,检测到胰岛素受体、G蛋白α亚基及G蛋白β亚基的表达.结论:在β-TC3细胞膜中,胰岛素受体与G蛋白共存,G蛋白α亚基及β亚基与胰岛素受体可能存在直接的相互作用.     

猴Fertilinβ氨基端93肽基因的克隆及其在大肠杆菌中表达

Fertilin是一种异二聚体精子表面蛋白.业已证明,它在精卵反应中起着重要作用.成熟的Fertilinβ亚基的氨基端93肽含有与整联蛋白结合的整联蛋白配体区.该整联蛋白配体区与蛇毒整联蛋白配体区高度同源,它们能与细胞表面的整联蛋白相结合.在此我们报道猴成熟Fertilinβ氨基端93肽基因的克隆和在大肠杆菌中的表达.用RT-PCR方法获得mmFβNTP93基因,克隆入表达载体pT7-7/hCGβ的EcoRI和BamHI位点,该基因与hCGβ基因一起表达融合蛋白mFβNTP93-hCGβ,Western blotting结果显示,融合蛋白的表观分子量为33kDa,能与抗hCG抗体专一性结合.由于mFβNTP93基因与hCGβ基因相连,因此我们推测,mFβNTP93基因已获得表达.     

电压门控钠离子通道β4亚基的研究进展

电压门控钠离子通道由一个功能性的α亚基孔道蛋白和几个起辅助作用的β亚基组成。已知的4种β亚基共同调节钠离子通道的功能,并且在控制神经兴奋性、细胞黏附、迁移等方面发挥重要作用。其中β4亚基是钠离子通道的阻遏蛋白,可以诱导产生复苏电流。当β4亚基在基因或蛋白质水平表达异常时,会导致多种疾病的发生,如神经退行性疾病、长QT综合征等。我们简要综述了β亚基的结构与功能、各β亚基之间的关系、β亚基异常表达与相关疾病,以及β亚基与钠通道抑制剂的相互作用,并对β4亚基的研究发展方向予以评述。     

稳定表达鼠源整联蛋白αvβ6的CHO-677细胞系的构建

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病,主要侵害偶蹄动物。乳鼠常作为一种重要的实验动物模型用于FMDV的研究;整联蛋白αvβ6是FMDV的重要受体之一。为深入研究整联蛋白αvβ6在FMDV感染乳鼠中所发挥的作用,克隆了乳鼠整联蛋白αvβ6的两个亚基,并将其导入中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(Chinese hamster ovary,CHO-677)基因组中,构建了稳定表达乳鼠整联蛋白αv和β6亚基的细胞系CHO-677-mαvβ6,并分别选用两种不同血清型的野生型FMDV毒株Asia1/HN/CHA/06和O/BY/CHA/2010感染细胞系来分析细胞系对FMDV的易感性。首先通过PCR和间接免疫荧光试验证明了细胞系中整联蛋白αvβ6在基因水平成功导入,在蛋白水平成功表达。然后,通过实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测病毒RNA拷贝数,并结合TCID50试验测定了代表毒株在两个细胞上的生长曲线。结果表明,与亲本细胞CHO-677相比,细胞系CHO-677-mαvβ6对FMDV更易感,从αvβ6的功能性上进一步验证了细胞系被成功构建。     

G蛋白偶联受体与G蛋白相互作用的最新研究进展

传统观念认为,在激动剂作用下,G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)能够激活G蛋白的α亚基,从而使Gα亚基与Gβγ亚基分离,被激活的Gα亚基通过信号转导进一步参与细胞的生理过程。但是,最新研究发现GPCRs和G蛋白存在多种偶联关系,GPCRs不仅能够激活Gα亚基,还可以与Gβγ亚基相互靠近,甚至会使G蛋白亚基构象发生重排而不分离,这对于疾病发病机制的研究及新的药物靶点的发现具有重要意义。就GPCRs与G蛋白之间的相互作用以及最新研究技术作一简要综述。     

整联蛋白调控血管新生内膜增生的研究进展

血管新生内膜增生是支架植入术、动静脉瘘术等血管手术以及动脉粥样硬化、高血压等心血管疾病的生理特征。整联蛋白介导的细胞黏附在新生内膜增生过程中起着重要作用。该文概述了整联蛋白在此过程中对白细胞黏附、平滑肌细胞迁移增殖、再内皮化的调控及目前用于研究新生内膜的相关动物模型。了解整联蛋白调节血管新生内膜增生的分子机制,为临床上防治新生内膜增生、解决术后血管再狭窄等相关研究提供参考。     

Regulation of integrin functions by N-glycans

Integrins are cell surface transmembrane glycoproteins that function as adhesion receptors in cell-ECM interactions and link matrix proteins to the cytoskeleton. Integrins play an important role in cytoskeleton organization and in the transduction of intracellular signals, regulating various processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell migration. Although integrin-mediated adhesion is based on the binding of alpha and beta subunits to a defined peptide sequence, the strength of this binding is modulated by various factors including the status of glycosylation of integrin. Glycosylation reactions are catalyzed by the catalytic action of glycosyltransferases, such as N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III, V and alpha1, 6 fucosyltransferase, etc., which catalyze the formation of glycosidic bonds. This review summarizes effects of the posttranslational modification of N-glycans of alpha3beta1 and alpha5beta1 integrins on their association, activation and biological functions, by using biochemical and genetic approaches.     

Cell adhesion to a population of laminin isoforms isolated from normal renal tissue.

To assess whether cells react differently towards a population of several laminin isoforms, as found in vivo, vs. a single isoform, we have compared the biological activity of kidney laminins to that of pure laminin 1. The kidney laminin preparation contained laminin 1 and further isoforms. Both substrates induced adhesion of a large spectrum of cell types, with kidney laminins being the most active. Unfolding of the coil-coiled conformation of the kidney isoforms negatively affected cell adhesion-promoting activity, which indicated that conformation-dependent cell binding is a characteristic feature of many or all laminins. Cellular interactions with kidney laminins were mediated by alpha3beta1 and alpha6beta1 integrins, with the contribution of alpha3beta1 being apparently lower than that of alpha6beta1 integrins. Immunofluorescence staining of vinculin and integrin subunits decorated focal adhesions on kidney laminins which differed in morphology from those formed on laminin 1 alone, in spite of the presence of the latter in the kidney preparation. These observations collectively indicate that tissue specific but often overlapping expression of laminin isoforms might modulate cell behavior by the activation of distinct sets of integrins and by the induction of distinct molecular assemblies within the cell adhesion signaling complexes.     

Unraveling ICAP-1 function: Toward a new direction?

Cell adhesion to either the extracellular matrix (ECM) or to neighboring cells is of critical importance during both physiological and pathological situations. Integrins are a large family of cell adhesion receptors composed of two non-covalently linked alpha and beta subunits. They have a well-identified dual function of mediating both firm adhesion and signaling. The short cytoplasmic domain of integrin can interact with cytoplasmic proteins that are either shared by several different integrins or specific for one type of integrin. Integrin cytoplasmic domain-associated protein-1 (ICAP-1) is a small cytoplasmic protein that specifically interacts with the beta1 integrin subunit. In this review we will discuss recent findings on ICAP-1, not only at the structural and functional level, but also its possible interconnection in other signaling pathways such as those that control cell proliferation.     

The tail of integrin activation

Integrins are essential adhesion receptors found on the surfaces of all metazoan cells. As regulators of cell migration and extracellular matrix assembly, these membrane-spanning heterodimers are critical for embryonic development, tissue repair and immune responses. Signals transmitted by integrins from outside to inside the cell promote cell survival and proliferation, but integrin affinity for extracellular ligands can also be controlled by intracellular cues. This bidirectional signaling is mediated by the short cytoplasmic tails of the two integrin subunits. Recent structural and functional studies of various integrin fragments and complexes between the cytoplasmic tails and intracellular proteins, such as talin, have provided new insight into the signaling processes centered around the tails, particularly inside-out integrin activation.     

Function and interactions of integrins

Integrins are heterodimeric cell adhesion molecules that link the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. The integrin family in man comprises 24 members, which are the result of different combinations of 1 of 18 alpha- and 1 of 8 beta-subunits. Alternative splicing of mRNA of some alpha- and beta-subunits and postranslational modifications of integrin subunits further increase the diversity of the integrin family. In their capacity as adhesion receptors that organize the cytoskeleton, integrins play an important role in controlling various steps in the signaling pathways that regulate processes as diverse as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell migration. The intracellular signals that lead to these effects may be transduced via cytoplasmic components, which have been identified as integrin-binding proteins in yeast two-hybrid screens and which could mediate the coupling of integrins to intracellular signaling pathways. In this review an overview is given of the function and ligand-binding properties of integrins as well as of proteins that associate with integrins and may play a role in their signaling function.     

Laminins in Peripheral Nerve Development and Muscular Dystrophy

Laminins are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that play an important role in cellular function and tissue morphogenesis. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), laminins are expressed in Schwann cells and participate in their development. Mutations in laminin subunits expressed in the PNS and in skeleton muscle may cause peripheral neuropathies and muscular dystrophy in both humans and mice. Recent studies using gene knockout technology, such as cell-type specific gene targeting techniques, revealed that laminins and their receptors mediate Schwann cell and axon interactions. Schwann cells with disrupted laminin expression exhibit impaired proliferation and differentiation and also undergo apoptosis. In this review, we focus on the potential molecular mechanisms by which laminins participate in the development of Schwann cells.     

Integrins: Structure and Signaling

Integrins are cell surface transmembrane glycoproteins that function as adhesion receptors in cell-extracellular matrix interactions and link the matrix proteins to the cytoskeleton. The family of human integrins comprises 24 members, each of which is a heterodimer consisting of 1 of 18 alpha- and 1 of 8 beta-subunits. Integrins play an important role in the cytoskeleton organization and in transduction of intracellular signals, regulating various processes such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell migration. This review summarizes current views on the structure of integrins, integrin associated proteins, and biochemical mechanisms underlying their signaling functions.     

Integrin activation and viral infection

Integrins are members of a ubiquitous membrane receptor family which includes 18 different α subunits and 8 β subunits forming more than 20 α/β heterodimers. Integrins play key functions in vascular endothelial cell and tumour cell adhesion, lymphocyte trafficking, tumor growth and viral infection. Current understanding of the molecular basis of integrins as viral receptors has been achieved through many decades of study into the biology of transmembrane glycoproteins and their interactions with several viruses. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge on the molecular bases of interactions between viruses and integrins, which are of potential practical significance. Inhibition of virus-integrin interactions at the points of virus attachment or entry will provide a novel approach for the therapeutic treatment of viral diseases. Foundation item: The National key Basic Research (973) Program (2005CB523201) and National Key Technology R&D Program (2006BAD06A14)     

In vivo functions of integrins: lessons from null mutations in mice.

The integrin family (Hynes, R.O., 1992. Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell 69, 11-25) is composed of at least 24 heterodimers formed from eight beta subunits and 18 alpha subunits. Thus far, mice expressing null mutations of seven of the eight beta subunits and 13 of the 18 known alpha subunits have been generated, With only a few exceptions, the phenotypes of each of the knockout lines are quite distinct. Studies utilizing integrin knockout mice and cells derived from these mice have provided considerable and sometimes surprising insights into unique functions of individual members of this family.     

植物类整合素蛋白研究进展

整合素是动物细胞膜上普遍存在的一类胞外基质受体,它所介导的粘附作用参与调节多种细胞功能.近年来的研究发现在植物细胞中可能也存在类整合素.综述了在植物类整合素检测、定位、组成、结构、基因以及生理功能研究方面所取得的初步进展与存在的问题,并与动物整合素的研究作了比较.