小麦醇溶蛋白mRNA的分离及体外翻译

本文中采用受粉后发育25天的小偃麦种子制备总RNA。然后用高效Oligo(dT)—Celluiose分离Poly(A)—mRNA。根据它在麦胚无细胞蛋白质合成体系中的翻译活性和对体外翻译产物进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳放射自显影分析说明,我们分离的Poly(A)—mRNA     

番木瓜的单性结果和单性结子问题

一、術语解释和说明 (一)单性结果(Parthenocarpy) 1.天然的单性结果——不需受精作用所产生的无核果,如香蕉、华盛顿臍橙、温州柑。 2.刺激性的单性结果(Stimulative Parthenocarpy)——需要某种刺激物的刺激如死花粉,植物生长素等所产生的无核果,如西瓜、番茄、黄瓜。 (二)单性结子(Parthenogenesis)——不需受粉作用产生正常有胚种子。     

糖用甜菜授粉与受精的变异与外界条件的关系

糖用甜菜是典型的異花受粉植物,一般在隔离的情况下形成很少量的种子。但是,当仔细研究甜菜的授粉过程时便发现许多有意思的和未预料到的现象。在已开的花上首先是花药裂开而在这时不用扩大镜很难看见的很小的柱头是紧闭着。由于花丝的短小花粉以湿的粒状撒落在花内,不久变干。干燥了的花粉被风和昆虫(蜜蜂及其他)带到各地。经过5—6小时花药乾枯而且只是在这以後柱头的裂片才很好地展开,在开花的2—3天内裂片的大小显著增大。柱头受粉的能力一般地能保持3天,而在     

无籽西瓜发育过程中所需生长素来自何方?

答:高中生物(乙种本)第91页,讲到生长素促进果1993年第28卷第4期实发育时说:“胚珠发育成种子过程中,发育着的种子里合成大量的生长素。这些生长素能促进子房发育成果实。如果雌蕊受粉后,在子房发育成果实的早期,除去     

一个减少棉铃脱落的方法

棉铃大量脱落是棉花增产上长期以来的重要障碍,如何设法减少或防止棉铃的脱落,对棉花单位面积产量的提高具有重大意义.我们学习了苏联的先进经验,并考虑了我省历年来棉铃脱落情况,认为夏季雨水频繁的年头脱落率之所以增高,一方面固然是由于棉株的过分生长,而另一方面和棉花的受粉受精过程定会有密切关系,只从抑制疯长方面下手不考虑加强受粉和受精是不足的,如能从两方面下手可能会更好一些.于是,我们在1956年夏季用加强受粉和受精,配合其他田间管理来研究防止脱落,以期找出经验,使棉花增产. 方法根据过去的材料说明,棉铃脱落的最主要时期是在7月下半月到8月下半月.因     

我国园林、花卉中星花金龟属常见种类的识别

<正> 星花金龟属隶属金龟子总科,花金角科(Cetoniidae)是我国园林、花卉中常见而又非常难以区别的种类,过去人们往往称为铜克螂(白星花金龟)。本类群大多为害林木、花卉、蔬菜等植物和一些农作物的花,有的钻食树干吸取其汁液而影响花的受粉和生长。为了便于区分种类,特编写本检索表以提供参考。 本属体型多为中等,椭圆形或相当短宽,表面具有强烈金属光泽或仅体下和足具有金属光泽,大多无毛,或多或少散布白绒斑;体下和足多具有强烈金属光泽和淡黄色茸毛。体色为金     

濒危植物独花兰的传粉生物学初步观察

独花兰(Changnienia amoena Chien)为我国特有的单种属植物,近年因生境破碎化和过度采挖,其野生资源日渐减少.迄今对独花兰极为有限的研究表明,其结实率很低或根本不结实,其传粉媒介也一直未被发现.2002年3～4月,我们对神农架2个移植居群和5个天然居群进行了传粉生物学的定点观察,发现雌性三条熊蜂(Bombus(Diversobombus)trifasciatus Smith)、仿熊蜂(Bombus(Tricornibombus)imitator Pittion)和蜜蜂均访问独花兰,但只有三条熊蜂身体粘有花粉块,是独花兰的有效传粉者.三条熊蜂的访问频率很低,在113 h的观察中只有9次访问,但在一个天然居群(population 3)中曾观察到一天4次的最高访问频率;访问主要在12:00～15:00出现,但在花上停留时间很短,不超过10 s.在未被授粉的情况下,独花兰花朵大约3周后自然枯萎,但受粉后3、4 d内即出现一系列形态和颜色的变化,包括花梗逐渐伸长,子房在花梗逐渐停止伸长后开始膨大等,表明花梗伸长可作为结实(授粉成功)的指标.人工授粉实验表明,自花、异花受粉后花梗均伸长,而套袋隔离花的则花梗不伸长,说明独花?兰是自交亲和的异交种,需要昆虫传粉.根据传粉者的访问频率、居群中果实的分布,尤其是花距内无花蜜等特征,我们认为独花兰是种欺骗性传粉的兰花.相对于其他欺骗性传粉的兰花,独花兰的自然结实率并不很低(26.98%),这与居群规模小会提高欺骗性传粉兰花结实率这一观点吻合.花粉块的输出数远高于结实数,这说明独花兰存在一定的花粉浪费.     

六月鲜枣的幼胚培养

本实验以自然受粉的六月鲜枣为材料,培养枣的幼胚发育成为正常完整植株。通过正交实验筛选获得的优化组合为Nitsch基本培养基 3%蔗糖 1.0mg/L ZT 0.6mg/L IAA DJ PVP。     

濒危植物独花兰的传粉生物学初步观察

独花兰(Changnienia amoena Chien)为我国特有的单种属植物,近年因生境破碎化和过度采挖,其野生资源日渐减少。迄今对独花兰极为有限的研究表明,其结实率很低或根本不结实,其传粉媒介也一直未被发现。2002年3～4月,我们对神农架2个移植居群和5个天然居群进行了传粉生物学的定点观察,发现雌性三条熊蜂(Bombus (Diversobombus)trifasciatus Smith)、仿熊蜂(Bombus (Tricornibombus) imitator Pittion)和蜜蜂均访问独花兰,但只有二条熊蜂身体粘有花粉块,是独花兰的有效传粉者。三条熊蜂的访问频率很低,在113h的观察中只有9次访问,但在一个天然居群(population 3)中曾观察到一天4次的最高访问频率;访问主要在12：00～15：00出现,但在花上停留时间很短,不超过10s。在末被授粉的情况下,独花兰花朵大约3周后自然枯萎,但受粉后3、4d内即出现～系列形态和颜色的变化,包括花梗逐渐伸长,子房在花梗逐渐停止伸长后开始膨大等,表明花梗伸长可作为结实(授粉成功)的指标。人工授粉实验表明,自花、异花受粉后花梗均伸长,而套袋隔离花的则花梗不伸长,说明独花兰是自交亲和的异交种,需要昆虫传粉。根据传粉者的访问频率、居群中果实的分布,尤其是花距内无花蜜等特征,我们认为独花兰是一种欺骗性传粉的兰花。相对于其他欺骗性传粉的兰花,独花兰的自然结实率并不很低(26．98％),这与居群规模小会提高欺骗性传粉兰花结实率这一观点吻合。花粉块的输出数远高于结实数,这说明独花兰存在一定的花粉浪费。     

5个生物学易混概念辨析

1 单性生殖与单性结实 单性生殖是由有性生殖细胞（未受精的卵细胞或精子）直接发育而成,属有性生殖中的单性生殖。单性结实是由于雌蕊不能产生正常的生殖细胞或没有受粉使子房发育为无籽果实叫单性结实。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.