共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Biagina Chiofalo Vittorio Lo Presti Vincenzo Chiofalo Fabio Gresta 《Animal Feed Science and Technology》2012,171(2-4):230-239
The aim of this study was to investigate the productive traits and fatty acid profiles of eight sweet varieties of Lupinus albus, Lupinus angustifolius and Lupinus luteus cultivated in a Mediterranean environment (Sicily, southern Italy). This is being done to identify the most suitable species, from an agronomical and nutritional point of view, for supporting animal husbandry in this area. Seed yield, oil quantity and oil quality were considerably different depending on the genotype. L. albus showed the highest yield (2.0–2.4 t/ha), 100 seed weight (27.0 g, on average), oil content (70.4–75.5 g/kg), and n?3/n?6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (0.39–0.51), L. angustifolius showed the highest content of saturated fatty acids (21.03–26.66 g/100 g) and L. luteus showed the highest levels of n?6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (47.56–50.85 g/100 g), unsaturated/saturated (4.93–5.62) and polyunsaturated/saturated (3.33–3.99) fatty acid ratios and the best atherogenic (0.06) and thrombogenic (0.09–0.11) indices. The data obtained suggests L. albus as the most interesting lupin species for aiding the crop-livestock food chain and L. luteus as a promising crop due to its high nutritive traits for the Mediterranean environment. 相似文献
2.
The physiological reasons associated with differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plant species to soil compaction stress are not well explained and understood. The responses of growth characteristics, changes in leaf water potential and gas exchange in maize and triticale to a different soil compaction were investigated. In the present study seedlings of triticale and maize, representative of C3 and C4 plants were subjected to low (L – 1.10 g cm−3), moderate (M – 1.34 g cm−3) and severe (S – 1.58 g cm−3) soil compaction level. Distinct differences in distribution of roots in the soil profile were observed. Plants of treatments M or S in comparison to treatment L, showed a decrease in leaf number, dry mass of stem, leaves and roots, and an increase in the shoot to root ratio. A drastic decrease in root biomass in M and S treatments in the soil profile on depth from 15 to 40 cm was observed. Any level of soil compaction did not influence the number of seminal and seminal-adventitious roots but decreased their length. The number and total length of nodal roots decreased with compaction. Changes of growth traits in M and S treatments in comparison to the L were greater for maize than for triticale and were accompanied by daily changes in water potential (ψ) and gas exchange parameters (PN, E, gs). Differences between M and S treatments in daily changes in ψ for maize were in most cases statistically insignificant, whereas for triticale, they were statistically significant. Differences in the responses of maize and triticale to soil compaction were found in PN, E and gs in particular for the measurements taken at 12:00 and 16:00. The highest correlation coefficients were obtained for the relationship between leaf water potential and stomatal conductance, both for maize and triticale, which indicates the close association between stomata behavior and changes in leaf water status. 相似文献
3.
Brett M. Macey Matthew J. Jenny Heidi R. Williams Lindy K. Thibodeaux Marion Beal Jonas S. Almeida Charles Cunningham Annalaura Mancia Gregory W. Warr Erin J. Burge A. Fred Holland Paul S. Gross Sonomi Hikima Karen G. Burnett Louis Burnett Robert W. Chapman 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology》2010,155(3):341-349
Heavy metals, such as copper, zinc and cadmium, represent some of the most common and serious pollutants in coastal estuaries. In the present study, we used a combination of linear and artificial neural network (ANN) modelling to detect and explore interactions among low-dose mixtures of these heavy metals and their impacts on fundamental physiological processes in tissues of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Animals were exposed to Cd (0.001–0.400 μM), Zn (0.001–3.059 μM) or Cu (0.002–0.787 μM), either alone or in combination for 1 to 27 days. We measured indicators of acid–base balance (hemolymph pH and total CO2), gas exchange (Po2), immunocompetence (total hemocyte counts, numbers of invasive bacteria), antioxidant status (glutathione, GSH), oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation; LPx), and metal accumulation in the gill and the hepatopancreas. Linear analysis showed that oxidative membrane damage from tissue accumulation of environmental metals was correlated with impaired acid–base balance in oysters. ANN analysis revealed interactions of metals with hemolymph acid–base chemistry in predicting oxidative damage that were not evident from linear analyses. These results highlight the usefulness of machine learning approaches, such as ANNs, for improving our ability to recognize and understand the effects of sub-acute exposure to contaminant mixtures. 相似文献
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5.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2017,24(1):192-199
A halotolerant actinobacterial strain isolated from salinity affected soil of Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP), Uttar Pradesh, India, was characterised for its antagonistic potential against Macrophomina phaseolina by dual-culture assay. It was shown to effectively inhibit the growth of M. phaseolina with an inhibition zone of 27 ± 1.33 mm. Further the actinobacterial strain was evaluated for its plant growth promoting (PGP) properties and its ability to produce biocontrol related extracellular enzymes viz. amylase, protease, cellulase, chitinase, gelatinase and urease. The results revealed that the actinobacterial strain had PGP potential along with positive assay for amylase, chitinase and urease. The interaction study between antagonist strain and fungal pathogen, performed by scanning electron microscopy technique revealed that the actinobacterium was able to damage fungal mycelia may be due to chitinase, establishing its role as a potential antagonist against M. phaseolina. The actinobacterial isolate was characterised by 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and was identified as Streptomyces genera. The identified gene sequence was deposited to NCBI GenBank with an accession number KP331758. 相似文献
6.
《Cryobiology》2013,66(3):319-325
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) as a cholesterol loader to change oocyte plasma membrane and increase its tolerance toward cryopreservation. The first and second experiments were conducted to investigate if MβCD could improve nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation after oocyte exposure to cold stress for 10 or 30 min, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) in either experiment in the metaphase II (MII) rate of oocytes exposed to MβCD and cold stress; but these oocytes presented lower maturation rates than control groups. In the second experiment, a lower percentage of oocytes showed degenerated chromatin (P < 0.05) after exposure to 2 mg/mL of MβCD compared to the group exposed to 0 mg/mL. However, no differences among treatments were observed in cytoplasmic maturation. Groups exposed to cold stress demonstrated a lower (P < 0.05) capacity for embryonic development compared to the control groups. In the third experiment immature oocytes were exposed to MβCD and then, vitrified (cryotop). After warming, we observed that the ability to reach MII and chromatin degeneration were altered (P < 0.05) by MβCD. The blastocysts rate (P < 0.05) on D7 was higher in the 2 mg/mL MβCD group, but an identical finding was not observed on D8 (P > 0.05). Chromatin degeneration was higher in the vitrification groups. We conclude that MβCD improved nuclear maturation by reducing oocyte degeneration after cold stress or vitrification; however, more studies are required to clarify the usefulness of MβCD use in oocyte cryopreservation. 相似文献
7.
《Journal of thermal biology》2005,30(5):360-369
The aim of the investigation was to verify our hypothesis that extreme tolerance of newborn rodents to anoxia is determined by their ability to maintain reduced body temperature and to keep on gasping.Newborn Wistar rats were used. In separate experiments we checked (1) effect of extreme thermal conditions on rectal temperature (Tre) of the newborns in their nests; (2) effect of ambient temperature (Ta) on oxygen consumption; (3) effects of controlled changes in Tre on thermoregulatory and respiratory responses to anoxia and on anoxia tolerance.In their nests rat pups controlled Tre at 32–36 °C while the Tre–Ta difference changed within a range of 1–20 °C. The lowest oxygen consumption of ∼24 ml O2 kg−1 min−1 was recorded at Ta of 32 °C. Pups, exposed to anoxia at their normal Tre of 33 °C, were able to decrease Tre by another 1.7 °C and they kept on extremely slow and quiescent gasping for scheduled 25 min. In contrast, rats at Tre of 37 °C and 39 °C reached a critical phase of accelerated and shallow gasping after 14.95±0.40 min and 9.25±0.30 min, respectively.In conclusion, reduced Tre and unique gasping ability make newborn rats extremely tolerant to asphyxia. 相似文献
8.
Paul M. Lahti Martha Baskett Lora M. Field M. Carmen Morón Fernando Palacio Armando Paduan-Filho Nei Fernandes Oliveira 《Inorganica chimica acta》2008,361(12-13):3697-3709
5-(4-(N-tert-Butyl-N-aminoxylphenyl))pyrimidine (RL, 4PPN) forms crystallographically isostructural and isomorphic pseudo-octahedral M(RL)2(hfac)2 complexes with M(hfac)2, M = Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, and Mn. Multiple close contacts occur between sites of significant spin density of the organic radical units. Magnetic behavior of the Zn, Cu, Ni, Co complexes appears to involve multiple exchange pathways, with multiple close crystallographic contacts between sites that EPR (of 4PPN) indicates to have observable spin density. Powder EPR spectra at room temperature and low temperature are reported for each complex. Near room temperature, the magnetic moments of the complexes are roughly equal to those expected by a sum of non-interacting moments (two radicals plus ion). As temperature decreases, AFM exchange interactions become evident in all of the complexes. The closest fits to the magnetic data were found for a 1-D Heisenberg AFM chain model in the Zn(II) complex (J/k = (?)7 K), and for three-spin RL—M—RL exchange in the other complexes (J/k = (?)26 K, (?)3 K, (?)6 K, for Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) complexes, respectively). 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Asia》2014,17(4):753-759
Essential oils (EOs) of eight plants collected in Choco, Colombia, including Piper divaricatum, P. pseudolanceifolium, P. confertinodum, P. diazanum, Ocimum campechianum, Siparuna conica, Mikania micrantha and Hedychium coronarium, were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and tested as repellents against Tribolium castaneum, using the area preference method, after 2 and 4 h exposure. The main components found in EOs were methyl eugenol, trans-β-cariophyllene, methyl eugenol, α-pinene, δ-cadinene, γ-elemene, α-pinene and 1,8-cineol, for O. campechianum, P. pseudolanceifolium, P. divaricatum, P. confertinodum, P. diazanum, S. conica, M. micrantha, and H. coronarium, respectively. Best repellent activities were observed for oils from O. campechianum and P. pseudolanceifolium with mean repellent concentration (RC50) values of 0.00006 and 0.0001 μL/cm2 after 2 h, and 0.00003 and 0.0001 μL/cm2 after 4 h, respectively; whereas the least potent was that from M. micrantha, with RC50 values of 0.074 and 0.040 μL/cm2 at 2 and 4 h exposure times, respectively. Based on average percentage repellence, oils from P. pseudolanceifolium and O. campechianum were classified as Class IV repellents and were better than the commercial repellent IR3535, classified as Class II. These data evidence the Choco region as an important source of natural repellents with promising commercial opportunities. 相似文献
10.
《Small Ruminant Research》2007,70(1-3):74-78
The objective was to look for the promising tree leaves, for feeding to livestock. The preliminary screening of tree leaves (nine species) by in vitro gas production technique revealed that leaves of Azadirachta indica, Melia azedarach, Morus alba and Leucaena leucocephala could serve as promising, alternate feed resource for ruminants. Therefore, in vivo evaluation of these tree leaves (except A. indica) along with that of Toona ciliate was assessed. Each species of the fresh tree leaves, supplemented with mineral mixture and common salt, was offered ad lib as complete feed to three bucks (Beetle × Anglo Nubian × French Alpine; 6 years old of 56.7 ± 1.12 kg BW). The data were analyzed by using completely randomized design. Bucks relished all the tree leaves (except T. ciliate) as indicated by higher (P < 0.05) voluntary DM intake and digestibility of nutrients. All the animals were in positive N-balance except those fed Toona ciliate. The N-retention was maximum in animals fed M. alba followed by that in L. leucocephala and M. azedarach. However, the DCP content of M. alba, M. azedarach and L. leucocephala was statistically comparable, while ME availability was higher (P < 0.05) from leaves of M. azedarach followed by that of M. alba, clearly indicated that leaves of M. azedarach, M. alba or L. leucocephala, supplemented with mineral mixture and common salt, could serve as an excellent complete feed for small ruminants. 相似文献
11.
Effects of ram speed on prey capture kinematics of juvenile Indo-Pacific tarpon,Megalops cyprinoides
We examined the effects of variation in swimming speed, or ‘ram speed’, on the feeding kinematics of juvenile Indo-Pacific tarpon, Megalops cyprinoides. Tarpon were filmed feeding on non-elusive prey at 500 images s?1. Prey items were offered at one end of the filming tank, the opposite end where tarpon grouped, to encourage them to use a ram strategy to capture their prey. We describe tarpon as ram-suction feeders. Ram speed varied among strikes from 0.19 to 1.38 m/s and each individual produced speeds that spanned at least 0.9 m/s across trials. Although suction distances were much less variable, prey movement towards the predator was present in all feeding trials. There was a strong positive relationship between initial predator – prey distance and ram speed (r2=0.72, P<0.001). When tarpon initiated their strike from further away, they achieved higher ram speeds, but also took longer to capture their prey. All other timing variables were unaffected by ram speed whereas at higher ram speeds tarpon exhibited greater expansion of the mouth and buccal cavity. Greater buccal expansion accomplished in the same period of time implies that both the total volume of water captured and the water flow rate entering the mouth was greater in strikes at higher ram speeds. Our results demonstrate how feeding kinematics may vary as a function of ram speed, and how fish predators that lack jaw protrusion and have a large gape capacity can maximize their feeding success by altering their swimming speed. 相似文献
12.
Xiaowen Zeng Lena Q. Ma Rongliang Qiu Yetao Tang 《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2009,66(2):242-248
We investigated the responses of phytochelatins (PCs), glutathione (GSH) and other non-protein thiols in Cd hyperaccumulator Arabis paniculata after Cd exposure. Applying γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS) inhibitor, l-buthionine-sulfoximine (BSO), the roles of PCs in Cd tolerance and Cd accumulation in A. paniculata were evaluated. Plants were exposed to four Cd concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 250 μM) for different times (2w or 3w) with and without BSO. Overall, Cd exposure had little impact on plant biomass after 2w or 3w of growth except at the highest Cd level. A. paniculata tolerated ≤100 μM Cd with up to 1127 mg kg?1 Cd in the shoots and 5624 mg kg?1 Cd in the roots after 3w of Cd exposure. Cd exposure induced formation of PCs and three unknown thiols in the roots, but none were detected in the shoots. BSO had no significant effect on Cd sensitivity in plants though it reduced Cd accumulation in the roots. In addition, the molar ratio of PCs:Cd, which ranged from 0.7 to 1.3 after exposing to 50–100 μM Cd without BSO in the roots, was close to the value expected for PC-mediated Cd sequestration in plants. Those data indicate that GSH and PCs did not contribute to Cd tolerance in the shoots and Cd transport from the root to shoot in A. paniculata, but they may play an important role in Cd accumulation and Cd complexation in the roots of A. paniculata. 相似文献
13.
M. Klein P. Wenk M.B. Ansorge-Schumacher M. Fritsch W. Hartmeier 《Enzyme and microbial technology》2009,45(5):361-366
Biosynthetic thiolases (EC 2.3.1.9) are key enzymes in the branched catabolism of diverse clostridia as their activity and regulation influence the production of organic acids and solvents. In Clostridium butyricum, they are also involved in the production of hydrogen as a sustainable and environmentally benign energy source. In this study, the gene coding for thiolase from C. butyricum DSM 10702 was cloned by genome walking. It was found to consist of 1179 bp coding for a protein with 393 amino acids and a deduced molecular weight of 41.4 kDa. The enzyme was fused to an N-terminal his-tag, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to near homogeneity and characterised for biochemical and kinetic properties. Gel filtration chromatography revealed that the catalytically active enzyme consists of a homotetramer. The enzyme showed a KM of ~32 μM towards acetoacetyl-CoA and of ~21 μM towards CoASH at 30 °C and pH 8.0. Claisen condensation of acetyl-CoA by thiolase was analysed in a coupled enzyme assay, where β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase was applied catalysing the subsequent NADH-dependant reduction of the formed condensation product acetoacetyl-CoA. For this purpose the latter enzyme was cloned from C. butyricum DSM 10702 and recombinantly expressed in E. coli. The KM of thiolase towards acetyl-CoA was ~674 μM at 30 °C and pH 7.5. Acetyl-CoA condensation was inhibited even at micromolar concentrations of CoASH indicating that CoASH has an important regulatory function in vivo. 相似文献
14.
The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari), is one of the most devastating coffee pests (Coffea arabica L.) worldwide. Digestion in the midgut of H. hampei is facilitated by aspartic proteases. This is the first report of an aspartic protease inhibitor from Lupinus bogotensis. The L. bogotensis aspartic protease inhibitor (LbAPI) exhibited a molecular mass of 12.84 kDa, as determined by MALDI-TOF, and consists of a single polypeptide chain with an isoelectric point of 4.5. In thermal activity experiments, stability was retained at pH 2.5 after heating the protein at 70 °C for 30 min, but was unstable at 100 °C. The protein was also stable over a broad range of pH, from 2 to 11, at 30 °C. In in vitro assays, LbAPI was highly effective against aspartic proteases from H. hampei guts with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.9 μg. LbAPI inhibits pepsin in a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1. LbAPI inhibition of pepsin was competitive, with a Ki of 3.1 μM, using hemoglobin as substrate. Its amino-terminal sequence had 76% homology with the seed storage proteins vicilin and β-conglutin. The homology of LbAPI to vicilins from Lupinus albus L. suggests that they may also serve as storage proteins in the seed. LbAPI could be a promising tool to make genetically modified coffee with resistance to H. hampei. 相似文献
15.
《Environmental and Experimental Botany》2011,71(2-3):217-226
Liriodendron tulipifera is an important forest plant which is commonly used in urban environments as a shade tree. Young plants have been exposed (under controlled conditions) to 120 ppb of O3 for 45 consecutive days (5 h d−1). The aim of this investigation was to clarify if O3 limits the physiological performance of L. tulipifera. In treated plants, dynamics related to membrane injury, gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence leads to: (i) increase in lipid peroxidation (maximum value of +78% 15 days after the fumigation, compared to controls); (ii) reduction of photosynthetic activity (up to 66% 28 days after the exposure), twinned with a partial stomatal closure and a store of CO2 in substomatal chambers; (iii) reduction in carboxylation efficiency (−11% at the end of exposure); (iv) damage to PSII, as demonstrated by the increase in the PSII excitation pressure (−57% 28 days after the treatment). On this basis, O3 should be considered very harmful to L. tulipifera, although the reduction of total chlorophylls content and the activation of xanthophyll cycle take place in order to attempt to regulate light absorbed energy limiting oxidative damage. 相似文献
16.
Glutathione reductase (GR), a homodimeric FAD-dependent disulfide reductase, is essential for redox homeostasis of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and has been proposed as an antimalarial drug target. In this study we performed a virtual screening against PfGR, using the structures of about 170,000 natural compounds. Analysis of the two top-scoring molecules, TTB and EPB, indicated that these ligands are likely to interact with the homodimer intersubunit cavity of PfGR with high binding energy scores of −9.67 and −9.60 kcal/mol, respectively. Both compounds had a lower affinity for human GR due to differences in structure and electrostatic properties. In order to assess the putative interactions in motion, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out for 30 ns, resulting in TTB being more dynamically and structurally favored than EPB. A closely related compound MDPI 21618 was tested on recombinant PfGR and hGR, resulting in IC50 values of 11.3 ± 2.5 μM and 10.2 ± 1.7 μM, respectively. Kinetic characterization of MDPI 21618 on PfGR revealed a mixed-type inhibition with respect to glutathione disulfide (Ki = 9.7 ± 2.3 μM) and an uncompetitive inhibition with respect to NADPH. Furthermore, MDPI 21618 was found to inhibit the growth of the chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum strain 3D7 with an IC50 of 3.2 ± 1.9 μM and the chloroquine-resistant Dd2 strain with an IC50 of 3.2 + 1.6 μM. In drug combination assays with chloroquine, artemisinin, or mefloquine MDPI 21618 showed an antagonistic action, which might suggest partially overlapping routes of action. This study further substantiates research on PfGR as a potential antimalarial drug target. 相似文献
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Inclusion bodies of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) were isolated from Escherichia coli, enriched and solubilized in 100 mM Tris buffer containing 6 M n-propanol and 2 M urea. Around 4 mg/ml of r-hGH from inclusion bodies were solubilized in 6 M n-propanol-based buffer containing 2 M urea. Existence of native-like secondary structure of r-hGH in 6 M n-propanol solution was confirmed by CD and fluorescence spectra. Solubilized r-hGH was subsequently refolded by pulsatile dilution, purified to homogeneity and found to be functionally active. Tris buffer containing 6 M n-propanol and 2 M urea also effectively solubilized a number of proteins expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. Mild solubilization of inclusion body proteins, chaotropic effect of n-propanol at high concentration and kosmotropic effect at lower concentration helped in improved refolding of the solubilized protein. Around 40% of the r-hGH in the form of inclusion body aggregates was refolded into bioactive form while using n-propanol as solubilization agent. Solubilization with 6 M n-propanol solution thus can be a viable alternative for achieving high throughput recovery of bioactive protein from inclusion bodies of E. coli. 相似文献
19.
A series of methoxylated chalcones with fluoro and trifluoromethyl derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their ability to inhibit human monoamine oxidase A and B. The chemical structures of the compounds have been characterized by means of their 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectroscopic datas and elemental analysis. The results demonstrate that these compounds are reversible and selective MAO-B inhibitors with a competitive mode of inhibition. The most potent compound (2E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] prop-2-en-1-one showed the best activity and higher selectivity towards hMAO-B with Ki and SI values of 0.22 ± 0.01 μM and 0.05 comparable to that standard drug, Selegiline Ki and SI values were found as 0.33 ± 0.03 μM and 0.04, respectively. Molecular docking studies were carried out to further explain the in vitro results of the new compounds, and to identify the hypothetical binding mode for the compounds inside the inhibitor binding cavity of hMAO-B. 相似文献
20.
Mohammad Fawad Ansari Faisal Hayat Afreen Inam Fatima Kathrada Robyn L. van Zyl Maureen Coetzee Kamal Ahmad Dongyun Shin Amir Azam 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters》2017,27(3):460-465
In an endeavor to develop efficacious antiprotozoal agents 4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) piperazin-1-yl)pyrrolidin-2-yl)methanone derivatives (5–14) were synthesized, characterized and biologically evaluated for antiprotozoal activity. The compounds were screened in vitro against the HM1: IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica and NF54 chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum. Among the synthesized compounds six exhibited promising antiamoebic activity with IC50 values (0.14–1.26 μM) lower than the standard drug metronidazole (IC50 1.80 μM). All nine compounds exhibited antimalarial activity (IC50 range: 1.42–19.62 μM), while maintaining a favorable safety profile to host red blood cells. All the compounds were less effective as an antimalarial and more toxic (IC50 range: 14.67–81.24 μM) than quinine (IC50: 275.6 ± 16.46 μM) against the human kidney epithelial cells. None of the compounds exhibited any inhibitory effect on the viability of Anopheles arabiensis mosquito larvae. 相似文献