ASH2L Regulates Ubiquitylation Signaling to MLL: trans-Regulation of H3 K4 Methylation in Higher Eukaryotes

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Highlights? ASH2L WH motif is important for trans-regulation of H3 K4 methylation by H2Bub ? Ub stimulates MLL activity in trans, in contrast to DOT1L regulation by H2Bub ? H2Bub enhances MLL, but not MLL3, methyltransferase activity ? H2Aub directly represses MLL methyltransferase activity     

Spp1, a Member of the Set1 Complex,Promotes Meiotic DSB Formation in Promoters by Tethering Histone H3K4 Methylation Sites to Chromosome Axes

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Highlights? Spp1 and histone H3K4 residue are important for meiotic DSB formation ? Spp1 physically interacts with the DSB protein Mer2 ? Spp1 in meiosis is not with RNA Pol II, but on chromosome axes in DSB-rich domains ? Spp1’s PHD finger tethers H3K4me3 regions to chromosome axes for DSB formation     

LSD2/KDM1B and Its Cofactor NPAC/GLYR1 Endow a Structural and Molecular Model for Regulation of H3K4 Demethylation

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Highlights? Identifying NPAC as a novel LSD2 cofactor stimulating H3K4 demethylation ? Structure determination of LSD2 alone or in complex with NPAC and histone H3 peptide ? Defining the key NPAC residues essential for its intrinsic LSD2 cofactor activity ? Establishing a molecular model for how a cofactor regulates histone demethylation     

In Vivo Epigenomic Profiling of Germ Cells Reveals Germ Cell Molecular Signatures

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Highlights? Modified small-scale ChIP-seq method applicable to small number of cells ? Genome-wide maps of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, H3K27ac, and H2BK20ac of germ cells in vivo ? Identification of active and inactive regulatory elements in germ cells in vivo ? Germ cell H3K27me3 regions are enriched for retrotransposon repeats     

Macrohistone Variants Preserve Cell Identity by Preventing the Gain of H3K4me2 during Reprogramming to Pluripotency

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Highlights? Macrohistone variants are regulated during reprogramming and differentiation ? The levels of macrohistone variants modulate the efficiency of reprogramming ? MacroH2A.1 occupies pluripotency and differentiation genes in keratinocytes ? MacroH2A.1 occupancy prevents the gain of H3K4me2 during reprogramming     

Short Telomeres in ESCs Lead to Unstable Differentiation

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Highlights? ESCs with short telomeres do not stably differentiate and can resume proliferation ? Critically short telomeres impair Nanog regulation during ESC differentiation ? Short telomeres elicit genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and altered H3K27me3 levels ? Impaired DNA methylation and differentiation are rescued by Dnmt3b or telomere elongation     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

Sequence-Specific Transcription Factor NF-Y Displays Histone-like DNA Binding and H2B-like Ubiquitination

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Highlights? 3D structure of NF-Y/CCAAT shows close relationships to core histones H2A/H2B ? NF-YA displays a sequence-specific DNA minor groove-binding module ? Histone H2B and NF-YB share a functional posttranslational modification ? NF-Y binding and monoubiquitination are early events in gene activation     

The structural basis for tight control of PP2A methylation and function by LCMT-1

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Highlights? LCMT-1 makes extensive contacts to PP2A active site for methylation of PP2A tail ? PP2A methylation is stimulated by phosphatase activation, hampered by inactivation ? LCMT-1 would facilitate efficient transition of activated PP2A to holoenzymes ? A high-affinity dnLCMT-1 mutant attenuates the cell cycle without causing cell death     

CRL1-FBXO11 Promotes Cdt2 Ubiquitylation and Degradation and Regulates Pr-Set7/Set8-Mediated Cellular Migration

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Highlights? Cullin 4A promotes the autoubiquitylation of Cdt2, a substrate adaptor of CRL4^Cdt2 ? CRL1^FBXO11 also ubiquitylates and promotes the degradation of Cdt2 ? FBXO11 degrades Cdt2 to stabilize Set8 and regulate the response to TGF-β ? FBXO11 is similarly required to stabilize Set8 and promote cell migration     

Malaria Parasites Co-opt Human Factor H to Prevent Complement-Mediated Lysis in the Mosquito Midgut

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Highlights? Malaria gametes evade human complement by binding factor H ? The plasmodial protein PfGAP50 binds to factor H on the gamete surface ? Binding of factor H results in inactivation of the complement protein C3b ? Functional inhibition of factor H or PfGAP50 reduces parasite transmission to the mosquito     

Cap-assisted internal initiation of translation of histone H4

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Highlights? Two structural elements of histone H4 mRNA drive translation initiation ? Ribosome is tethered by an eIF4E-binding site located in the coding region ? A RNA three-way helix junction element positions ribosome on the start codon ? The m⁷G cap-binding pocket formed by the mRNA controls histone translation     

Role of the Mad2 Dimerization Interface in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Independent of Kinetochores

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Highlights? Mad2 overexpression activates the SAC independently from Mad1 in budding yeast ? Mad2 dimerization surface is required for the SAC independently from Mad1 ? Mad2 dimerization downstream of kinetochores is negligible for the SAC ? Mad2 dimerization surface interacts with Mad3 and is required for MCC stability     

Comprehensive Analysis of Silencing Mutants Reveals Complex Regulation of the Arabidopsis Methylome

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Highlights? Genome-wide single-nucleotide resolution methylation maps in 86 silencing mutants ? Complex interplays between different DNA methylation pathways ? Identification of novel regulators of DNA methylation     

Legionella pneumophila Effector RomA Uniquely Modifies Host Chromatin to Repress Gene Expression and Promote Intracellular Bacterial Replication

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Highlights? Upon infection, L. pneumophila secretes RomA, a SET domain-containing methyltransferase ? RomA triggers H3K14 trimethylation, causing a switch from gene activation to repression ? ChIP-seq identified 4,870 H3K14 methylated promoter regions, including innate immune genes ? RomA SET domain is required for efficient intracellular replication of L. pneumophila     

Chd5 Requires PHD-Mediated Histone 3 Binding for Tumor Suppression

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Highlights? Tandem PHDs of Chd5 facilitate binding to unmodified H3 ? Chd5 preferentially binds loci lacking H3K4me3 ? Chd5 mediates expression of cancer genes ? The Chd5-H3 interaction is crucial for efficient tumor suppression