Stage-Specific Roles for Tet1 and Tet2 in DNA Demethylation in Primordial Germ Cells

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Highlights? PGCs differentiated from ESCs undergo genome-wide DNA demethylation ? Tet1 and Tet2 do not regulate genome-wide DNA demethylation in PGCs ? Tet1 and Tet2 regulate locus-specific demethylation in PGCs     

Spp1, a Member of the Set1 Complex,Promotes Meiotic DSB Formation in Promoters by Tethering Histone H3K4 Methylation Sites to Chromosome Axes

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Highlights? Spp1 and histone H3K4 residue are important for meiotic DSB formation ? Spp1 physically interacts with the DSB protein Mer2 ? Spp1 in meiosis is not with RNA Pol II, but on chromosome axes in DSB-rich domains ? Spp1’s PHD finger tethers H3K4me3 regions to chromosome axes for DSB formation     

Replacement of Oct4 by Tet1 during iPSC Induction Reveals an Important Role of DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Reprogramming

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Highlights? Tet1 facilitates iPSC induction by promoting Oct4 demethylation and reactivation ? Tet1 can replace Oct4 to generate fully pluripotent TSKM iPSCs ? Both 5mC and 5hmC increase on the genome during TSKM 2° reprogramming ? 5hmC promotes the demethylation of pluripotency genes during reprogramming     

The n-SET Domain of Set1 Regulates H2B Ubiquitylation-Dependent H3K4 Methylation

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Highlights? H2B ubiquitylation directly stimulates H3K4 methylation by the yeast Set1 complex ? Swd2 is not directly required for the H3K4 methylation activity of the yeast Set1 complex ? The Set1 n-SET domain plays a critical role in H2Bub-dependent H3K4 methylation ? Spp1 is conditionally involved in n-SET- and H2Bub-dependent H3K4 methylation     

ALKBH5 Is a Mammalian RNA Demethylase that Impacts RNA Metabolism and Mouse Fertility

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Highlights? ALKBH5 is a mammalian m⁶A RNA demethylase ? RNA demethylation affects mRNA export and RNA metabolism ? RNA demethylation is important for mouse fertility ? Reversible mammalian messenger RNA methylation affects gene expression     

Cap-assisted internal initiation of translation of histone H4

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Highlights? Two structural elements of histone H4 mRNA drive translation initiation ? Ribosome is tethered by an eIF4E-binding site located in the coding region ? A RNA three-way helix junction element positions ribosome on the start codon ? The m⁷G cap-binding pocket formed by the mRNA controls histone translation     

Dynamics of 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine and Chromatin Marks in Mammalian Neurogenesis

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Highlights? 5hmC levels increase in neuronal function-related genes during neurogenesis ? 5hmC gain is accompanied by H3K27me3 loss at promoters and gene bodies ? Gain of 5hmC is not associated with substantial DNA demethylation ? Polycomb and Tet protein together promote proper progression of neurogenesis     

Fbxl10/Kdm2b Recruits Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 to CpG Islands and Regulates H2A Ubiquitylation

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Highlights? Fbxl10 binds to most CpG islands in ESCs ? Fbxl10 recruits Nspc1 and Ring1B to CpG islands ? The Fbxl10, Nspc1, and Ring1B complex is required for H2A monoubiquitylation ? Fbxl10 is required for proper ESC differentiation     

Sequence-Specific Transcription Factor NF-Y Displays Histone-like DNA Binding and H2B-like Ubiquitination

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Highlights? 3D structure of NF-Y/CCAAT shows close relationships to core histones H2A/H2B ? NF-YA displays a sequence-specific DNA minor groove-binding module ? Histone H2B and NF-YB share a functional posttranslational modification ? NF-Y binding and monoubiquitination are early events in gene activation     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

HSF-1 regulators DDL-1/2 link insulin-like signaling to heat-shock responses and modulation of longevity

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Highlights? C. elegans DAF-2 insulin-like signaling negatively regulates HSF-1 activity ? DDL-1 and DDL-2 are negative regulators of HSF-1 ? Formation of a complex containing DDL-1/2 and HSF-1 inhibits HSF-1 activity ? DAF-2 signaling promotes DHIC formation by inhibiting DDL-1 phosphorylation     

Development and Regeneration of Sox2+ Endoderm Progenitors Are Regulated by a HDAC1/2-Bmp4/Rb1 Regulatory Pathway

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Highlights? Hdac1/2 regulate development of Sox2+ endoderm progenitors ? Bmp4, Rb1, p21, and p16 are direct targets of Hdac1/2 in lung endoderm ? Increased Bmp4 suppresses Sox2 expression in lung endoderm ? Hdac1/2 are required for lung secretory epithelial regeneration     

A Matrix Protein Silences Transposons and Repeats through Interaction with Retinoblastoma-Associated Proteins

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Highlights? The Arabidopsis matrix protein TEK silences transposons and repeat-containing genes ? Binding of TEK on targets affects chromatin conformation and histone modifications ? TEK protein associates with FVE/MSI5-containing histone deacetylation complex ? TEK directs repressive modification as a key structural component in gene silencing     

SIP1 Mediates Cell-Fate Decisions between Neuroectoderm and Mesendoderm in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Highlights? Smad-interacting protein 1 (SIP1) regulates hESC differentiation ? SIP1 upregulation promotes neuroectodermal differentiation ? SIP1 inhibits mesendodermal and endodermal differentiation ? SMAD2/3 and NANOG/OCT4/SOX2 cooperatively regulate SIP1 expression     

ASH2L Regulates Ubiquitylation Signaling to MLL: trans-Regulation of H3 K4 Methylation in Higher Eukaryotes

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Highlights? ASH2L WH motif is important for trans-regulation of H3 K4 methylation by H2Bub ? Ub stimulates MLL activity in trans, in contrast to DOT1L regulation by H2Bub ? H2Bub enhances MLL, but not MLL3, methyltransferase activity ? H2Aub directly represses MLL methyltransferase activity     

Endogenous Purification Reveals GREB1 as a Key Estrogen Receptor Regulatory Factor

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Highlights? A proteomic method identifies protein-protein interaction in primary tumors ? GREB1 is the top estrogen-induced ER-interacting protein ? GREB1 is an essential ER cofactor recruited to chromatin ? GREB1 is an independent prognostic marker     

HIV Nef,Paxillin, and Pak1/2 Regulate Activation and Secretion of TACE/ADAM10 Proteases

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Highlights? HIV-Nef translocates activated TACE/ADAM17 into extracellular vesicles (EVs) ? The mechanism is initiated by interaction of Eed and paxillin with TACE ? Translocation of TACE into EVs is regulated by Pak2 ? Melanoma cells activate the same mechanism to upload activated ADAM10 into EVs