Legionella pneumophila Effector RomA Uniquely Modifies Host Chromatin to Repress Gene Expression and Promote Intracellular Bacterial Replication

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Highlights? Upon infection, L. pneumophila secretes RomA, a SET domain-containing methyltransferase ? RomA triggers H3K14 trimethylation, causing a switch from gene activation to repression ? ChIP-seq identified 4,870 H3K14 methylated promoter regions, including innate immune genes ? RomA SET domain is required for efficient intracellular replication of L. pneumophila     

PRDM14 Ensures Naive Pluripotency through Dual Regulation of Signaling and Epigenetic Pathways in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Highlights? Prdm14 expression is important for maintenance of naive pluripotency ? PRDM14 antagonizes FGFR signaling and activates Akt-mTORC1 signaling ? PRDM14 represses de novo DNA methyltransferase expression ? This regulatory input is mediated through recruitment of PRC2     

Structure of the MST4 in Complex with MO25 Provides Insights into Its Activation Mechanism

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Highlights? MO25 forms a stable complex with MST4 to enhance its kinase activity ? Association of MO25 activates MST4 by rotating its αC helix to active conformation ? Kinase-domain-mediated dimerization is required for MST4 trans-autophosphorylation ? MO25-stimulated activation of MST4 promotes apoptosis in HEK293T cells     

The Helicobacter pylori virulence effector CagA abrogates human β-defensin 3 expression via inactivation of EGFR signaling

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Highlights? H. pylori is highly susceptible to the bactericidal activity of hBD3 ? hBD3 is initially induced by H. pylori via activation of EGFR/MAPK/JAK signaling ? H. pylori evades killing by downregulating hBD3 via CagA-mediated SHP-2 activation ? CagA virulence factor is a potent inhibitor of an immune effector mechanism     

Direct Conversion of Fibroblasts to Neurons by Reprogramming PTB-Regulated MicroRNA Circuits

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Highlights? Diminished PTB expression is sufficient to trans-differentiate fibroblasts to neurons ? PTB plays a key role in a regulatory loop to suppress neuronal-specific genes ? PTB regulates gene expression at both the splicing and RNA stability levels ? PTB modulates microRNA targeting by competition or switching RNA structure     

HSF-1 regulators DDL-1/2 link insulin-like signaling to heat-shock responses and modulation of longevity

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Highlights? C. elegans DAF-2 insulin-like signaling negatively regulates HSF-1 activity ? DDL-1 and DDL-2 are negative regulators of HSF-1 ? Formation of a complex containing DDL-1/2 and HSF-1 inhibits HSF-1 activity ? DAF-2 signaling promotes DHIC formation by inhibiting DDL-1 phosphorylation     

The n-SET Domain of Set1 Regulates H2B Ubiquitylation-Dependent H3K4 Methylation

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Highlights? H2B ubiquitylation directly stimulates H3K4 methylation by the yeast Set1 complex ? Swd2 is not directly required for the H3K4 methylation activity of the yeast Set1 complex ? The Set1 n-SET domain plays a critical role in H2Bub-dependent H3K4 methylation ? Spp1 is conditionally involved in n-SET- and H2Bub-dependent H3K4 methylation     

LSD2/KDM1B and Its Cofactor NPAC/GLYR1 Endow a Structural and Molecular Model for Regulation of H3K4 Demethylation

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Highlights? Identifying NPAC as a novel LSD2 cofactor stimulating H3K4 demethylation ? Structure determination of LSD2 alone or in complex with NPAC and histone H3 peptide ? Defining the key NPAC residues essential for its intrinsic LSD2 cofactor activity ? Establishing a molecular model for how a cofactor regulates histone demethylation     

LRP6 Enhances Glucose Metabolism by Promoting TCF7L2-Dependent Insulin Receptor Expression and IGF Receptor Stabilization in Humans

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Highlights? Nondiabetic LRP6 mutation carriers are hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant ? IR expression is reduced in skeletal muscles of the LRP6 mutation carriers ? Wnt/LRP6 regulate the insulin receptor and IGFR expression ? The LRP6 mutation reduces TCF7L2-dependent IR expression and enhances mTOR activity     

Sequence-Specific Transcription Factor NF-Y Displays Histone-like DNA Binding and H2B-like Ubiquitination

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Highlights? 3D structure of NF-Y/CCAAT shows close relationships to core histones H2A/H2B ? NF-YA displays a sequence-specific DNA minor groove-binding module ? Histone H2B and NF-YB share a functional posttranslational modification ? NF-Y binding and monoubiquitination are early events in gene activation     

Keeping cell identity in Arabidopsis requires PRC1 RING-finger homologs that catalyze H2A monoubiquitination

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Highlights? AtBMI1A/B proteins prevent misexpression of embryonic traits in somatic cells ? PRC2 and AtBMI1A/B proteins maintain cells in their differentiated state ? AtBMI1A/B proteins mediate H2A monoubiquitination     

Circadian Rhythm of Temperature Preference and Its Neural Control in Drosophila

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Highlights? We identify a novel circadian behavior in flies, temperature preference rhythm (TPR) ? Drosophila TPR follows a similar pattern as body temperature rhythm in humans ? Drosophila TPR is regulated independently from circadian locomotor activity ? TPR is controlled by a newly identified DN2-based pacemaker circuit in the brain     

bantam miRNA Promotes Systemic Growth by Connecting Insulin Signaling and Ecdysone Production

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Highlights? bantam is required in ecdysone-producing cells to promote body growth ? bantam inhibits ecdysone biosynthesis ? Insulin signaling regulates ecdysone production by repressing bantam activity ? Both the systemic and tissue-autonomous activities of bantam promote organ growth     

Unilateral Dampening of Bmp Activity by Nodal Generates Cardiac Left-Right Asymmetry

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Highlights? Cardiac laterality involves Nodal modulating an antimotogenic Bmp activity ? The Nodal target Hyaluronan synthase 2 unilaterally dampens Bmp signaling activity ? Nonmuscle myosin II is positively regulated by Bmp within cardiac tissue ? High levels of nonmuscle myosin II activity reduce cardiac cell motility     

Structure of a bacteriophytochrome and light-stimulated protomer swapping with a gene repressor

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Highlights? Bacteriophytochrome structure containing photosensory and output transducing domain ? RpBphP1 binds to the cognate repressor RpPpsR2 on illumination with far-red light ? HOS domain is distantly related to Dhp and is essential for binding to the repressor ? Light-induced protomer swapping mechanism between dimers     

Characterization and In Vivo Pharmacological Rescue of a Wnt2-Gata6 Pathway Required for Cardiac Inflow Tract Development

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Highlights? Wnt2 is required for atrial and inflow tract morphogenesis ? Wnt2 regulates expansion of secondary heart field progenitors ? Defects in Wnt2^?/? mutants can be rescued using Wnt signaling agonists ? Wnt2 cooperates with Gata6 to regulate cardiac inflow tract development     

Fertility and Germline Stem Cell Maintenance under Different Diets Requires nhr-114/HNF4 in C. elegans

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Highlights? C. elegans fertility on different diets requires nuclear receptor nhr-114 activity ? Somatic NHR-114 is necessary to maintain germline stem cells under different diets ? NHR-114 might mediate a detoxification response that preserves the germline ? Bacterial tryptophan metabolites may underlie diet-sensitive nhr-114(?) sterility     

Interplay between the Dividing Cell and Its Neighbors Regulates Adherens Junction Formation during Cytokinesis in Epithelial Tissue

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Highlights? During cytokinesis, neighboring cells accumulate MyoII at the edges of the furrow ? MyoII nonautonomously sets the initial geometry of the daughter cell interface ? Neighboring membranes impede adherens junction (AJ) formation until a midbody forms ? Arp2/3-dependent actin accumulation in the dividing cell maintains AJ geometry     

DAD2 Is an α/β Hydrolase Likely to Be Involved in the Perception of the Plant Branching Hormone,Strigolactone

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Highlights? DAD2 gene, identified by transposon tagging, encodes an α/β hydrolase fold protein ? DAD2 acts in the shoot; mutants are insensitive to strigolactones ? DAD2 crystal structure shows an internal cavity capable of binding strigolactones ? DAD2 can hydrolyze the strigolactone GR24