小鼠SOCS1基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在树突状细胞中的表达

目的:构建含小鼠细胞因子信号抑制因子-1基因(SOCS1)的重组腺病毒载体(Ad5F35-SOCS1),探讨其介导SOCS1基因在小鼠树突状细胞中的表达。方法:设计含AgeI和NheI酶切位点的SOCS1基因上下游引物,以质粒pEF-FLAG-1/mSOCS1为模版,通过PCR扩增获得SOCS1全部序列,片段回收后经AgeI和NheI酶切,再定向插入到经AgeI和NheI酶切的质粒pDc316-LacZa中,获得重组穿梭质粒pDC316-SOCS1,经AgeI和NheI酶切、PCR及测序等鉴定后,用脂质体将穿梭质粒pDC316-SOCS1与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGF35共转染293细胞,经位点特异性重组获得重组腺病毒Ad5F35-SOCS1,行PCR鉴定,经293细胞扩增、纯化制备高滴度病毒液,TCID50法测定病毒滴度。用获得的重组腺病毒感染小鼠树突状细胞,以免疫组化检测SOVD1的表达。结果:成功构建了含小鼠SOCS1基因的重组腺病毒载体,病毒感染滴度为1.4×10~9IU/ml,该载体能有效介导SOCS1基因在小鼠树突状细胞中的表达。结论:重组腺病毒载体能将SOCS1基因转入小鼠树突状细胞并有效表达,为基因转染制备耐受性树突状细胞奠定了基础。     

人核糖核酸酶抑制因子基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的构建含有人核糖核酸酶抑制因子（hRI）基因的重组腺病毒载体。方法以含有全长cDNA的pT7-RI为模板,PCR扩增hRI,经T载体克隆后,酶切亚克隆到穿梭质粒pAdTrack—CMV上,在BJ5183细菌内和pAdEasy-1同源重组。筛选阳性克隆,酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,线性化后脂质体法转染293细胞进行包装、扩增。通过观察绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的表达及PCR扩增目的基因等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒。结果酶切鉴定及PCR结果证明hRI基因重组腺病毒载体构建成功,病毒滴度为1．5×10^10 pfu/ml。结论应用细菌内同源重组法成功构建了含hRI基因的重组腺病毒载体。     

山羊PTHrP基因干扰重组腺病毒的制备与鉴定

甲状旁腺激素相关蛋白 (Parathyroid hormone related protein,PTHrP) 具有广泛生物学功能,对调控钙代谢具有重要作用。采用RNA干扰和重组腺病毒技术,对山羊乳腺上皮细胞中PTHrP基因表达进行沉默,为进一步研究该基因在乳腺上皮细胞中的功能奠定基础。采用BLOCK-iT shRNA腺病毒干扰系统,将设计好的寡聚shRNA-322/357经退火复性后插入穿梭质粒pENTR/CMV-GFP/U6中。经Western blotting检测干扰效率后,选择pENTR/CMV-GFP/U6-322与病毒骨架质粒pAd/PL-DEST进行同源重组,成功获得重组干扰腺病毒载体pAD/PL-DEST/CMV-GFP/U6-322,并转染HEK-293细胞,通过包装、扩增后产生干扰重组腺病毒AD-PTHrP-322,TCID50法测定其滴度为2.0×109 PFU/mL。用AD-PTHrP-322感染山羊原代乳腺上皮细胞(MOI=200),经实时定量PCR及Western blotting检测表明在病毒感染24 h、48 h和72 h后,山羊乳腺上皮细胞中PTHrP mRNA表达量分别下调了29.2％、68.1％和82.6％ (P＜0.05),其蛋白表达水平也明显下调,干扰效果明显。     

携带红色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒载体的构建

目的采用体外连接技术构建含红色荧光蛋白(RFP)报告基因的重组腺病毒载体,为基因治疗与基因疫苗研究提供重要工具。方法将pTurbo RFP-N上的含红色荧光蛋白基因片段,经酶切连接定向克隆至转移载体pShuttle上,构成重组质粒pShuttle-TurboRFP-N。用I-CeuI/PI-SceI双酶切重组质粒pShuttle-TurboRFP-N和骨架质粒pH5′040 pkGFP-II,回收目的片段,连接,获得重组腺病毒载体pH5.′040.CMV.RFP-N。将其线性化后,经脂质体介导转染至AD293细胞内包装出重组腺病毒颗粒。通过荧光显微镜观察其在AD293细胞内的包装效率和RFP表达情况。扩增并再次感染AD293细胞检测病毒颗粒感染能力,并测定其生物活性及滴度。结果经酶切鉴定,证明已正确构建重组腺病毒载体AdH5.′040.CMV.RFP-N;经AD293细胞包装成具有感染性的病毒颗粒,并能在真核细胞中高效表达目的基因;扩增纯化后获得重组腺病毒颗粒数为3.6×1012vp/mL,滴度达1×1010pfu/mL。结论成功构建了携带红色荧光蛋白报告基因的重组腺病毒载体,并能够在AD293细胞中高效地表达,为基因治疗与基因疫苗研究提供重要工具。     

细菌内同源重组法构建靶向Survivin 的腺病毒载体的研究

目的:研究细菌内同源重组法构建靶向Survivin的腺病毒载体及其体外扩增表达。方法:将survivin基因克隆至穿梭质粒载体中,特异性酶切后回收、连接、转化,构建负载survivin片段的重组腺病毒载体。提取重组病毒基因酶切鉴定后,包装成病毒,并扩增到所需滴度。行Western blotting鉴定,观察重组腺病毒载体在真核细胞的表达。结果:(1)重组穿梭质粒的Mlu I酶切鉴定结果显示,酶切结果均与相应的载体及目的片段的大小相符合,基因测序结果基本一致。(2)凝胶电泳产生了两条大约15 kb和8.5kb的片段,由图2可知重组腺病毒质粒酶切充分完全,且回收率较高。(3)重组腺病毒载体转染AD293细胞24 h后已出现细胞病变效应,病变细胞细胞核变大。(4)D260/OD280的值为1.92,表明重组腺病毒纯度较高。(5)AD293细胞病毒上清中有能与抗Survivin单抗反应的蛋白,其相对分子质量与理论值相吻合,阴性对照组无对应条带出现。结论:本方法成功构建表达了含Survivin的重组腺病毒载体,为进一步进行Survivin基因功能的研究提供了实验基础和理论支持。     

人Stathmin基因siRNA腺病毒载体的构建及病毒鉴定

目的:为了寻求解决非特异性杀伤作用的星形细胞瘤的基因治疗问题的新途径.本研究构建带有Stathmin siRNA的复制缺陷腺病毒载体并包装病毒.方法:(1)两个目标siRNA基因片段合成并分别插入pSilencer4.1-CMV载体中从而构建两个重组真核表达栽体:pSilencer4.1-CMV-S1和pSilencer4.1-CMV-S2.(2)用EcoR Ⅰ和BamH Ⅲ双酶切pSilencer4.1-CMV-S1和pSilencer4.1-CMV-S2,将目的片段分别装进穿梭质粒,从而构建pShuttle-CMV neo-S1和pShuttle-CMV neo-S2.以独特的限制性内切酶PI-Sce Ⅰ合I-Ceu Ⅰ双酶切这两个穿梭质粒并重组至骨架Adeno-XTM Viral DNA上.并以PCR方法来鉴定.(3)线性化Ad-pShuttle-CMV neo-S1和Ad-pShuttle-CMV neo-s2并转染入HEK293细胞,出毒后进行PCR毒种鉴定和滴度分析.结果:(1)酶切分析和DNA测序表明,小干扰RNA片段的成功连接到pSilencer4.1-CMV载体上分别.(2)酶切分析表明两个目的基因片段,都分别成功连接入穿梭载体pShuttle.PCR表明pShuttle-CMV neo-S1和pShuttle-CMV neo-S2分别与骨架重组成功.(3)腺病毒DNA进行PCR鉴定后表明成功地在体外重组并生产出腺病毒.且冻融产毒细胞保证了较高的重组腺病毒滴度.结论:Adeno-XTM系统是一个能简单而有效生产能表达目的基因腺病毒的系统.我们构建的腺病毒有望成为星形细胞瘤新的高效而安全的治疗方法.     

SOCS3基因重组腺病毒的构建及其在猪脂肪细胞中的表达

本研究旨在构建细胞因子信号转导抑制因子3(Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3,SOCS3)的重组腺病毒表达载体,获得有感染性的病毒颗粒。以pcDNA3-SOCS3质粒为模板扩增SOCS3基因,将其亚克隆至腺病毒穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,经测序验证后,重组的穿梭质粒用PmeI酶切线性化后转化到BJ5183感受态细菌中与其内的骨架载体pAdEasy-1进行同源重组,获得的重组质粒pAd-SOCS3,经PacI线性化后转染至HEK293细胞中进行包装和扩增,纯化后用TCID50法测定病毒滴度。以重组的病毒感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞后,荧光显微镜下观察报告基因GFP的表达,RT-PCR和Western blotting检测细胞内SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达。重组腺病毒载体pAd-SOCS3经酶切及PCR鉴定正确,病毒滴度为1.2×109PFU/mL;感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞后,荧光显微镜观察可见报告基因GFP的表达;RT-PCR和Western blotting检测到细胞中SOCS3 mRNA和蛋白的表达显著提高。本研究成功构建了SOCS3基因的重组腺病毒,感染原代培养的猪脂肪细胞可稳定表达SOCS3蛋白,为深入研究SOCS3的功能奠定了基础。     

成骨细胞特异性转录因子Cbfa1重组腺病毒质粒的构建与鉴定

目的:构建成骨细胞特异性转录因子——核心结合因子α1(Cbfa1)重组腺病毒载体,为后期应用Cbfa1基因治疗股骨头坏死、骨折和骨缺损等疾病奠定基础。方法:以目的基因Cbfa1全长cDNA为模板进行PCR扩增,将扩增产物克隆到pShuttle-CMV载体的相应酶切位点,获得目的基因载体pShuttle-CMV-Cbfa1,在大肠杆菌BJ5183中和pAdEasy-1同源重组,筛选阳性克隆,经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,线性化后用脂质体法转染HEK293细胞进行包装、扩增,用报告基因GFP对病毒滴度和感染效率进行监测,酚氯仿抽提纯化病毒,AdEasy1/Cbfa1感染间充质干细胞(MSC)后检测Cbfa1的表达。结果:测序、酶切及PCR证实Cbfa1基因重组腺病毒载体构建成功,AdEasy1/Cbfa1感染MSC后Cbfa1的表达显著升高。结论:构建了含Cbfa1基因的重组腺病毒载体,该基因能促进MSC向成骨细胞分化,预示其可作为治疗基因应用于股骨头坏死、骨折和骨缺损的治疗。     

果蝇硒蛋白dSelK基因重组腺病毒构建与表达

目的:利用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统构建果蝇硒蛋白dSelK基因重组腺病毒并在AD-293细胞中包装扩增。方法:PCR扩增dSelK目的片段连接到穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV上,用电转化法将线性化的pShuttle-CMV-dSelK穿梭载体转入含腺病毒骨架质粒AdEasy1的BJ5183大肠杆菌电感受态细胞中,构建重组腺病毒载体AdEasy-dSelK,线性化后转染AD-293细胞进行包装,并传代扩增,TCID50法测病毒滴度,Western blot鉴定。结果:成功构建腺病毒载体AdEasy-dSelK,经AD-293细胞包装扩增得到重组腺病毒,滴度为107.5。Western blot鉴定AdEasy-dSelK成功表达。结论:成功构建重组腺病毒载体pAdEasy-dSelK,为硒蛋白功能研究奠定基础。     

HIV-1 C亚型密码子优化gp120基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及表达

目的构建含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并在293细胞中表达gp120蛋白。方法PCR扩增,获得HIV-1C亚型gp120片段,定向克隆人腺病毒转移载体pTrack-CMV,线性化后转化至含有腺病毒骨架载体pAd-easy-1的大肠埃希菌BJ5183,获得重组子prAd—gp120,PacI酶切纯化后转染293细胞,包装成复制缺陷型重组腺病毒vAd—gp120。结果经PCR、酶切及DNA测序,插入片段大小、方向正确,获得了具有感染力的vAd—gp120重组腺病毒;通过Western印迹检测,重组腺病毒在293细胞中表达出分子量为120kD的蛋白。结论成功构建了含有HIV-1C亚型gp120基因重组腺病毒载体,并获得该基因的表达。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.