溶氧对L-苏氨酸发酵的影响

探索溶氧对L-苏氨酸发酵过程的影响及其控制方法。通过摇瓶装液量试验、不同溶氧控制方式考察发酵过程中溶氧对L-苏氨酸合成的影响。采用补料分批发酵工艺发酵L-苏氨酸,利用氨基酸分析仪测定发酵液中L-苏氨酸的产量,通过10L罐补料分批发酵36h,产酸可达118.9g/L,糖酸转化率为47.6%。可以得出溶氧对L-苏氨酸生物合成有重要影响,并建立了最佳溶氧控制条件。     

L-缬氨酸的发酵工艺研究

目的:以黄色短杆菌XV0505为生产菌株,探讨发酵培养基和发酵控制条件对L-缬氨酸的产量和糖酸转化率的影响。方法:应用单因素实验确定发酵的工艺条件;利用纸层析-色斑洗脱比色法测定发酵液中L-缬氨酸的含量。结果:在最优发酵条件下,通过10L罐流加发酵72h,产酸量可达53.4g/L,糖酸转化率为26.7%,分别比补料分批发酵提高11.9%和3.5%。结论:环境因子和发酵控制工艺对发酵生产L-缬氨酸具有重要影响。     

玉米芯稀酸水解及L-乳酸发酵研究

对玉米芯稀硫酸水解条件及糖化液发酵L-乳酸进行了初步研究。结果表明,玉米芯木聚糖最适水解条件为2%H2SO_4、120℃、30 min、固液比1:10,糖化液还原糖含量可达40.8 g/L,主要成分为木塘。细菌A-19可以利用水解液中的葡萄糖和木糖产酸,最适发酵条件为45℃、pH 6.5,从45℃～51℃、pH 5.5～pH 6.5产量均较高。用未浓缩的水解液发酵24 h,L-乳酸产量为30.6g/L,残糖为1.6 g/L,糖酸转化率为82.6%;用浓缩1倍的水解液发酵48 h,L-乳酸产量为41.4 g/L,残糖4.1g/L,糖酸转化率为68.2%,在发酵48 h后继续补料发酵至72 h(补料液为浓缩3倍的水解液),L-乳酸产量为50.9 g/L,残糖6.3 g/L,糖酸转化率为71.8%。该研究为利用木质纤维素生产L-乳酸奠定了一定基础。     

氮源种类及溶氧水平对锁掷酵母产类胡萝卜素组分的影响

在锁掷酵母（Sporidioboluspararoseus）发酵产类胡萝卜紊的过程中,发酵产物中类胡萝卜紊种类繁多,而且性质相似,加大了不同色素分离纯化的难度。为定向积累不同种类的类胡萝卜素,以本实验室保藏锁挪酵母JD-2为出发菌,研究了氮源种类和浓度及溶氧对锁掷酵母产类胡萝卜素的影响,并在7L发酵罐中进行了补料分批发酵试验。发现培养基中同时添加有机氮源和无机氮源且溶氧控制较低（5％）时有利于β-胡萝卜素的大量积累,最佳有机氮源和无机氮源分别为玉米浆（20g／L）、硫酸铵（5g／L）。补料分批发酵时β-胡萝卜素产量达到31．28mg／L,红酵母烯12．38mg／L。培养基中只添加有机氮源且相对溶氧控制相对较高（30％）时有利于红酵母烯的大量积累,最佳有机氮源为酵母膏（20g／L）。补料分批发酵时红酵母烯产量达到38．96mg／L,8．胡萝卜素12．36mg／L。     

lysC定点突变及lysC、asdA串联表达对谷氨酸棒杆菌L-苏氨酸积累的影响

lysC、asdA基因分别编码的天冬氨酸激酶(Aspartate kinase,AK)和天冬氨酸半醛脱氢酶(Aspartate semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase,ASD)是L-苏氨酸合成途径中两个关键限速酶基因,其中AK受到代谢产物赖氨酸与苏氨酸的协同抑制。以选育获得的一株谷氨酸棒状杆菌T11(Corynebacterium glutamicum T11)为出发菌株,通过构建lysC-asdA串联表达盒,并对其关键限速酶基因lysC进行定点突变,突变位点为Ala279Thr,获得抗反馈抑制突变型编码基因lysCr-asdA,将其插入含强启动子tac的穿梭表达载体pZ8-1中成功构建串联表达质粒pZ8-1-lysCr-asdA转化出发菌株,筛选获得工程菌株T11/pZ8-1-lysCr-asdA。摇瓶发酵其L-苏氨酸产量达到7.18 g/L,较出发菌株提高27.8%。进一步的30 L发酵罐补料分批发酵结果显示,发酵60 h L-苏氨酸产量达65.5 g/L,糖酸转化率达到39.5%,较出发菌株分别提高29.5%和33.9%,为后续的进一步构建高产L-苏氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌工程菌株提供强有力的基础。     

基于pH调节和有机氮源流加调控补料分批发酵过程提高ε-聚赖氨酸产量

为了解决ε-聚赖氨酸(ε-PL)补料分批发酵过程中后期ε-PL产率下降的问题,提出了在补料阶段利用调节p H值和流加有机氮源(酵母粉)两种手段来提高ε-PL产率。利用上述两种策略,实现ε-PL平均产率分别达到4.62 g/(L·d)和5.16 g/(L·d),较未调控补料分批发酵(典型补料分批发酵)分别提高了27.3%和42.15%;同时,实现ε-PL产量分别达到36.95 g/L和41.32 g/L,较未调控补料分批发酵分别提高了27.4%和42.48%。进一步细胞活性染色和关键酶活性分析发现,两种策略均能显著提高细胞活力和关键酶活性。该研究结果表明,在发酵中后期通过调节p H值和流加酵母粉两种措施能够显著增强细胞活性和产生菌代谢能力,从而达到提高ε-PL产率和产量的目的。     

鸟苷补料分批发酵的研究

目的:以枯草芽孢杆菌TA208为出发菌株,研究了补料分批发酵方式下各种参数对鸟苷产量的影响。方法:采用补料分批发酵工艺,利用纸层析法测定发酵液中鸟苷的产量。结果:确定了葡萄糖、酵母粉和次黄嘌呤的最优补料方式,使鸟苷产量达到32.05g/L,较分批发酵方式提高了36.3%。结论:发酵工艺过程控制对发酵生产鸟苷具有重大影响。     

聚-ε-赖氨酸补料发酵的初步研究

在5L自动发酵罐中,通过分批发酵和补料分批发酵,对白色链霉菌(Strepomyces albulus)生物合成聚-ε-赖氨酸(ε-PL)进行了初步研究。结果表明,在分批发酵中,利用pH控制策略,ε-PL产量从0.6 g/L提高到2.4 g/L。在分批补料发酵中,采用pH控制策略,当糖浓度在10g/L以下,补加葡萄糖和硫酸铵,则菌体大量生长,ε-PL产量提高到16.81 g/L,为分批培养的27倍。     

产L-谷氨酸工程菌株的诱变选育及其发酵效率

以高产L-谷氨酸的谷氨酸棒杆菌GY1为研究对象,采用ARTP进行全局诱变,进一步提高L-谷氨酸的发酵水平。首先,对谷氨酸棒杆菌GY1原生质体的制备及再生条件进行优化,接着,根据致死率选择最佳的ARTP处理时间,然后,采用96微孔板及摇瓶发酵的方式对突变株进行筛选,最后,对获得的优良突变株进行50 L罐发酵验证。结果显示,溶菌酶浓度为10.0 mg/mL,酶解90 min,原生质体形成率和再生率达到最佳。ARTP最佳处理时间为40 s,致死率达到89.6%,经过初筛与摇瓶复筛,获得突变株YAG117,其摇瓶发酵L-谷氨酸含量达16.3 g/L,较出发菌株提高13.9%,且连续传代五代遗传稳定。50 L补料分批发酵条件下,L-谷氨酸产量在36 h最高,达到216.6 g/L,较出发菌株提高12.9%,糖酸转化率达68.87%,比出发菌株提高了10.2%。ARTP处理GY1菌株原生质体,能够有效积累有利突变,提高突变株发酵生产L-谷氨酸的能力,获得的突变株YAG117也显示了较好的工业化应用潜力。     

高产谷胱甘肽酿酒酵母的选育及发酵工艺的研究

以酿酒酵母SC-001为出发菌株,利用紫外诱变结合乙硫氨酸和氯化锌的底物选择筛选到1株有较高GSH产量的酿酒酵母菌株SC-001-24,其GSH产量为743 mg/L,比出发菌株提高了22%。进一步在10 L发酵罐中考察了不同发酵模式和前体氨基酸补加方式对酿酒酵母产GSH的影响,确定最佳发酵模式为补料分批发酵,最佳前体氨基酸补加策略为:初始培养基加入41 mmol/L半胱氨酸,发酵42 h后一次性补加半胱氨酸246 mmol,甘氨酸160 mmol,谷氨酸82 mmol。在最佳发酵条件下GSH产量达到1 280.4 mg/L。     

氮源对灵芝菌丝体液态深层发酵合成灵芝三萜的影响

以沪农灵芝1号为供试菌株,葡萄糖作为碳源,用硫酸铵、氯化铵、鱼粉蛋白胨、胰蛋白胨和酵母粉作为氮源,研究不同种类氮源对灵芝菌丝体液态深层发酵过程的影响。首先,确定了N-10酵母自溶粉作为发酵的氮源,降低了发酵的复杂性和不确定性;其次,考察N-10酵母自溶粉不同浓度对灵芝菌丝体发酵合成灵芝三萜过程中菌丝体的生物量、葡萄糖消耗、灵芝三萜产量等方面的影响,确定了N-10酵母自溶粉的适宜添加浓度。在此基础上,采用响应面中心组合设计,对4因素最佳水平范围进行研究,结果表明,葡萄糖、N-10酵母自溶粉、磷酸二氢钾和七水硫酸镁的含量分别为31.06g/L、2.76g/L、1.77g/L和1.99g/L时,灵芝三萜的理论产量为21.166g/kg干菌丝体,实际发酵产量提高到21.153g/kg干菌丝体。与原工艺相比,新工艺的灵芝三萜产量提高了6.22%。     

Study of fermentation behavior and formulation of a semidefined nutrient medium based on acid-production measurements in Z. mobilis cultures

Batch fermentations of glucose to ethanol by Z. Mobilis.(ATCC 10988) were examined in several semidefined nutrient media. The measurement of acid produced by the microorganism was used to study its transient fermentation characteristics. Limitation of nitrogen source in the semidefined medium of Rogers and coworkers(2) was found to limit the growth of this microorganism in the late stages of batch fermentations, when the initial glucose concentration was 75 g/L and higher. The microorganism exhibits a preference for inorganic nitrogen over preformed organic nitrogen provided by yeast extract. The microbial growth occurs exponentially in the presence of ammonium sulfate and yeast extract. However, in the absence of ammonium sulfate, the growth occurs in a linear fashion. The "linear" growth phase is characterized by poor cell-mass yields, and during this phase, growth and ethanol production are decoupled. An improved semi-defined growth medium is established which supports better growth rate and cellular yield, without affecting the ethanol yield.     

响应面法优化毛霉菌发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法优化毛霉菌B的发酵培养基,首先通过单因素试验筛选出葡萄糖为最适碳源,酵母膏和玉米浆为最适氮源,用Plackett—Burman试验对葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆、MgSO4、FeSO4、NILCl/、HPO4进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的3个因素：葡萄糖、酵母膏、玉米浆,再通过最陡爬坡试验逼近其最大响应区域,最后采用Box—Behnken试验对其用量进行优化,得到毛霉菌最佳发酵培养基（g/L）：葡萄糖51．54,酵母膏5．22,玉米浆14．31,MgSO40．5,FeSO40．1,NH4Cl3,k2HPO43,pH6．0～6．5。培养基优化后,毛霉生物量由23．51g／L提高至31．13g/L,比对照组提高32．41％,腺嘌呤转化率由53．59％提高至59．97％,ATP产率由6．56g／L提高至7．34g／L,比对照组提高11．89％。     

碳源和氮源对5-酮基-葡萄糖酸生成的影响

氧化葡萄糖杆菌Gluconobacter oxydans可以将葡萄糖氧化成葡萄糖酸,并进一步氧化成2-酮基-葡萄糖酸(2KGA)和5-酮基-葡萄糖酸(5KGA),其中5KGA在催化剂的作用下能够转化为L(+)-酒石酸。为了提高5-酮基-葡萄糖酸产量,以仅生成5KGA的氧化葡萄糖杆菌Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1为出发菌株,研究不同碳源(蔗糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、淀粉、葡萄糖)和有机氮源(酵母浸粉、鱼粉、玉米浆、黄豆饼粉、棉籽饼粉)对5KGA产量的影响。500 mL摇瓶试验结果表明,当葡萄糖浓度为100 g/L时,5KGA产量最高为98.20 g/L;当有机氮源为酵母浸粉、鱼粉和玉米浆,其添加量的蛋白含量为1.60%时,5KGA产量分别为100.20 g/L、109.10 g/L和99.83 g/L,其中,使用鱼粉的5KGA产量最高,使用玉米浆的5KGA产量比酵母浸粉略低。出于经济考虑,文中选择玉米浆作有机氮源,并在5 L发酵罐中进行分批发酵放大试验,5KGA的产量为93.80 g/L,最大生成速率为3.48 g/(L·h),平均生成速率为1.56 g/(L·h)。结果表明,葡萄糖和玉米浆分别为Gluconobacter oxydans HGI-1规模化生产5KGA的最适碳源和氮源,可利用葡萄糖几乎全部(85.93%)转化为5KGA。     

比生长速率和氮源对毕赤酵母生产重组鲈鱼生长激素的影响

对毕赤酵母胞内表达重组鲈鱼生长激素(rljGH)的发酵罐上生产进行了研究.建立了指数流加甲醇的策略并考察了不同比生长速率对rljGH生产的影响.结果表明,随着比生长速率的增加,平均比生产速率相应增加,但是胞内持续积累rljGH的时间减少.最大比rljGH产量(0.58 mg/g WCW)在比生长速率为0.029/h时获得.进一步考察了在诱导阶段添加硫酸铵、蛋白胨和酵母抽提物的影响.结果表明,添加硫酸铵和蛋白胨对于rljGH生产没有显著影响;添加2.5 g/L酵母抽提物有助于胞内rljGH的积累,并使胞内积累持续时间由17 h增加到23 h,提高了发酵稳定性.     

Joint effect of nitrogen sources and B vitamin supplementation of date juice on lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus

The use of date juice as a substrate for lactic acid production was investigated. Various nitrogen sources were compared with yeast extract for efficient lactic acid production by Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus. Among different nitrogen sources added to date juice (yeast extract, ammonium sulfate, tryptic soy, urea, peptone, and casein hydrolysate), yeast extract was the most efficient. The effect of yeast extract could have been due to its B vitamin content. The addition of five B vitamins at less than 25 mg/l to date juice with any nitrogen source enhanced lactic acid production to some extent, except for date juice with yeast extract or urea or peptone. The most significant increase was obtained with ammonium sulfate. Half of the yeast extract content (10 g/l) in a supplemented date juice could be replaced by a mixture of B vitamins at less than 25 mg/l, and ammonium sulfate at 2.6 g/l with no significant decrease in lactic acid production.     

响应面法优化产酰胺酶发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母（Trichosporon asahii）ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化。运用单N子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box—Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18．84g／L、酵母浸膏9．55g／L、NaC15g／L、KH2PO41g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、FeS040．001g／L、CaC0370．84μmol／L、MnS0465．39肚mo[／L（1％丙烯酸诱导）,NH4·H2O调节pH至7．0。培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U／L提高到4156U／L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1．63倍。     

Effect of nitrogen source and nitrogen concentration on the production of pyruvate by Torulopsis glabrata

The effect of nitrogen sources including yeast extract, peptone, soybean hydrolyzate and some inorganic nitrogen sources, as well as the nitrogen concentration on the fermentative production of pyruvate by Torulopsis glabrata WSH-IP12 was investigated. The addition of yeast extract greatly inhibited pyruvate accumulation, while peptone was shown to be the most favorable nitrogen source. In flask culture, 15 g l(-1) peptone was needed to consume 80 g l(-1) glucose with 23.4 g l(-1)of pyruvate accumulated. Pyruvate production was markedly dependent on the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C:N), its production was improved by increasing the concentration of glucose and peptone proportionally and reduced by exclusively increasing the glucose concentration. In a glucose fed-batch culture, cell growth and pyruvate production slowed after 28 h. However, cell growth and pyruvate production recovered after further nitrogen, in the form of peptone and ammonium sulfate, was added to the culture. A final concentration of pyruvate of 54.5 g l(-1) was achieved at 64 h (yield to glucose consumed of 0.471 g g(-l)). By using aqueous ammonia instead of potassium hydroxide for pH control, 57.3 g l(-1) pyruvate with a yield of 0.498 g g(-1) was produced by 55 h. This result further indicates that nitrogen level plays an important role in the production of pyruvate.     

Fed-batch cultivation ofEscherichia coli YK537 (pAET-8) for production ofphoA promoter-controlled human epidermal growth factor

Secretion of the expressed heterologous proteins can reduce the stress to the host cells and is beneficial to their recovery and purification. In this study, fed-batch cultures ofEscherichia coliYK537 (pAET-8) were conducted in a 5-L fermentor for the secretory production of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) whose expression, was under the control of alkaline phosphatase promoter. The effects of feeding of glucose and complex nitrogen sources on hEGF production were investigated. When the fed-batch culture was conducted in a chemically defined medium, the cell density was 9.68 g/L and the secreted hEGF was 44.7 mg/L in a period of 60 h. When a complex medium was used and glucose was added in pH-stat mode, the secreted hEGF was improved to 345 mg/L. When the culture was fed with glucose at a constant specific rate of 0.25 gg⁻¹h⁻¹, hEGF reached 514 mg/L. The effects of adding a solution containing yeast extract and tryptone were further studied. Different rate of the nitrogen source feeding resulted in different levels of phosphate and acetic acid formation, thus affected hEGF expression. At the optimal feeding rate, hEGF production achieved 686 mg/L.     

营养物质对桑黄菌丝生物量及胞外多糖产量的影响

研究了不同碳源、氮源和无机盐对桑黄深层培养菌丝生物量和胞外多糖产量的影响,结果表明：在培养温度为26℃、摇床转速为160r／min、发酵时间为10d的条件下,以桑黄菌丝生物量为指标,最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别是果糖或葡萄糖、酵母粉或酵母膏、KH2P04或MgSO4·7H2O;菌丝生物量分别达到1．51、1．31、1．69、1．52、1．52、1．36g／100mL;以胞外多糖为指标,最适碳源、氮源和无机盐分别是葡萄糖、酵母膏、ZnSO4·7H2O,胞外多糖产量分别达到0．49、0．45、0．22g／100mL。