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1.
Summary Micropropagation of Scabiosa caucasica cv. Caucasica Blue was achieved by culturing, separating axillary and adventitious shoots, or node sectioning on Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzyladenine (BA). The highest frequency of adventitious shoots regenerated from
nodal or internodal explants and leaf blade (with or without petiole) appeared to occur on MS medium with 4.4 and 18 μM BA, respectively. Addition of 0.19 or 1.9 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid to the BA-containing medium promoted callus formation and reduced shoot organogenesis. During micropropagation,
shoot nodal explants derived from in vitro shoots cultured on MS medium supplemented with 4.4 μM BA yielded 8.9 shoots per explant within 40 d after culture initiation. 相似文献
2.
Pretreatment in thidiazuron improves the in vitro shoot induction from leaves in Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., an endangered medicinal plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
T. Dennis Thomas 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2007,29(5):455-461
Leaf regeneration via direct induction of adventitious shoots obtained from an endangered medicinal plant, Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. by pretreating with thidiazuron. C. orchioides is an endangered medicinal herb belonging to the family Hypoxidaceae. Direct inoculation of leaf pieces on MS medium supplemented
with various concentrations of BAP (2–8 μM) or TDZ (2–8 μM) alone or in combination with NAA (0.5 and 1.0 μM) produced low
shoot induction both in terms of % response and number of shoots per explant. Hence, leaf explants were pretreated with 15,
25 or 50 μM thidiazuron (TDZ), for 6, 24 or 48 h with the aim of improving shoot regeneration from cultured explants. After
pretreatment, explants were transferred to an agar solidified MS medium that was supplemented with BAP (4 μM), TDZ (6 μM),
BAP (4 μM) + NAA (1.0 μM), TDZ (6 μM) + NAA (0.5 μM). Control explants were incubated directly on the medium without any pretreatment.
The pretreatment of explants with 15 μM TDZ for 24 h significantly promoted the formation of adventitious shoots and the maximum
response was observed on MS medium supplemented with 6 μM TDZ. In this medium, 96 % cultures responded with an average number
of 16.2 adventitious shoots per explant. The percentage of leaf explants producing shoots and the average number of shoots
per explant were significantly improved when TDZ pretreated leaves were cultured onto MS medium supplemented with BAP or TDZ
alone or in combination with NAA. The rooted plantlets were successfully transplanted to soil with 90% success. The present
investigation indicated the stimulatory role of TDZ pretreatment in regulating shoot regeneration from leaf explants of C. orchioides. 相似文献
3.
In vitro shoot regeneration from sterile leaf and petiole explants and from in-situ-collected inflorescence buds of Petasites hybridus was achieved by a simple two-step protocol. Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium was supplemented with 17.6 μm benzyladenine (BA)+0.54 μm naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to induce shoots. After 5 weeks of culture, 40% of the petiole and 27% of the leaf explants
produced shoots compared to 76% of the inflorescence buds. Single shoots were excised and subcultured on MS medium supplemented
with various cytokinins (N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine, BA, kinetin and thidiazuron). A concentration of 8.8 μm kinetin+0.54 μm NAA performed best in terms of shoot multiplication rate, average shoot length and spontaneous root induction.
Received: 20 August 1997 / Revision received: 29 December 1997 / Accepted: 5 February 1998 相似文献
4.
L. Venkatachalam R. Thimmaraju R. V. Sreedhar N. Bhagyalakshmi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(3):262-269
Summary Direct shoot and cormlet regeneration from leaf explants were obtained in triploid dessert banana cultivar Nanjanagud Rasabale
(NR) that is classified under the group ‘Silk’ and has the genotype AAB. The response for both cormlet and direct shool formation
was observed only in leaf explants obtained from shoots cultured in liquid medium but not in similar explants obtained from
shoots grown on gelled medium. Shoot initiation occurred after a sequential culture of leaf (sheath) explants on modified
Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different growth regulators. In the sequence, the leaf explants were cultured
first on medium with a high level (22.4 μM) of benzyladenine (BA), second on indolc-3-butyric acid (IBA) supplemented medium, and third on reduced BA medium under incubation
in the dark. The highest adventitious shoot regeneration in 24% of the explants, with the number of shoots ranging from 2
to 3 per explant, occurred in the explants incubated at the first step in medium with 22.4 and 0.198 μM IBA. Further growth and complete shoot formation occurred under incubation in a 16-h photoperiod. While keeping the culture
conditions constant and replacing BA with picloram (0.83–20.71 μM) in the initial step, adventious origin of cormlets occurred in 12% of the explants. However, when rhizome explants (also
obtained from shoots grown in liquid medium) were cultured with various growth regulators in the first step, medium containing
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacctic acid (7.82 μM) produced friable callus that re-differentiated into roots only. Physical forms of the medium, ie.e. agar-gelled or liquid,
imparted specific effects on the extent of multiplication of leaf-regenerated shoots with no differences in morphology and
growth patterns when compared to those of meristem-derived plants. 相似文献
5.
Dormant buds from a mature tree of Populus tremula ‘Erecta’ were incubated on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Induced shoots were
then proliferated on medium of MS or Woody Plant Medium (WPM), or Driver and Kuniyuki Walnut (DKW) supplemented with varying
levels of benzyladenine (BA). Overall, shoots grown on MS medium supplemented with 1.25–2.5 μM BA exhibited the highest frequency
of shoot proliferation (>95%) and more than 60% of responding explants produced more than five shoots per explant. Shoot organogenesis
was induced from both leaf and petiole explants incubated on WPM medium containing BA, or TDZ, or zeatin. Among the different
cytokinins tested, zeatin induced the highest frequency (average 72.1%) of shoot organogenesis. None of explants survived
on media containing no cytokinins within 6–8 weeks following culture. Overall, a higher frequency of shoot regeneration was
obtained from petioles than from leaf explants. The highest frequency of regeneration was achieved when petioles were incubated
on WPM containing 10–20 μM zeatin. Addition of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) did not have a significant effect on shoot regeneration
in all treatments. Shoot organogenesis was directly induced from petiole explants without intervening callus. Regenerated
shoots were easily rooted on all tested media supplemented with 0.5 μM NAA. Rooted plants were transferred to potting mix
and grown in the greenhouse. 相似文献
6.
The nodal and internodal explants excised from the orthotropic shoots of Sesbania sesban var. bicolor elicited the development of shoots directly from the explants as well as via an intervening callus phase on Nitsch (N) medium. On benzyladenine (BA) supplemented media, the adventitious shoot buds developed
involving a callus phase. An average of 8.9 ± 4.1 shoots developed per nodal explant on N medium containing 0.5 mg dm−3 BA in 95 % cultures, whereas 65 % cultures of internodal explants developed shoots with an average of 5.9 ± 3.6 shoots per
explant on N medium supplemented with 1.0 mg dm−3 BA. On kinetin (Kn) supplemented medium shoots developed directly from the surface of both the explants at all the concentrations
tried. Nodal explants on N medium supplemented with 1.5 mg dm−3 Kn developed an average of 12.5 ± 7.9 shoots per explant in 100 % cultures, while internodal explants induced an average
of 11.6 ± 7.4 shoots per explant in 75 % explants at 0.5 mg dm−3 Kn. The in vitro regenerated shoots developed roots when implanted on N medium supplemented with 2 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), after 30 d of inoculation. The in vitro developed plantlets were initially acclimatized under controlled conditions for four months, prior to their transfer to the
field.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Micropropagation of Sesbania rostrata from the Cotyledonary Node 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Multiple shoots were induced from the cotyledonary nodes derived from seedling of Sesbania rostrata on Nitsch (1969; N) medium supplemented with various concentrations of benzyladenine (BA). 1 mg dm−3 BA proved to be the best, eliciting 5.8 ± 1.0 shoots per explant in 100 % cultures. The elongation of shoots was best at
2.0 mg dm−3 BA. The shoot proliferation capacity increased to 7.5 shoots per explant following transfer of explants to the fresh shoot
multiplication medium (MS + 1.0 mg dm−3 BA), after an initial incubation of 30 d. To further enhance number of shoots per explant an alternative strategy of cultivation
of mother explant on fresh shoot multiplication medium after excision of shoots was adopted. Following the repeated harvesting
of shoots an average of 33 shoots per explant could be obtained. The in vitro regenerated shoots produced roots when transferred to half-strength MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose and 1 mg dm−3 IBA. The developed plantlets were planted in the soil and transferred to the field after an acclimatization period of 3 –
4 months. These plants produced flowers and fruits in the field and exhibited the development of prominent and more organized
stem nodules as compared to the in vivo raised plants of the same age.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
For centuries Hypericum perforatum has been used in natural medicine. In the last decades, it has also attracted the attention of pharmaceutical industry due
to its promising anti-depressant properties. The important factor in pharmaceutical application of plant material is its stable
content of active compounds. Such stability requires standardized conditions of growth, e.g. an in vitro culture. Our aim was to establish a medium allowing for an effective regeneration of shoots from the standardized leaf explants in
in vitro conditions. Cultures of the leaf explants carried out in darkness, on Murashige and Skoog agar medium, supplemented
with auxins (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-metoxy-3,6-dichlorobenzoic acid, α-naphtaleneacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid)
and cytokinins (kinetin, N6-(benzyl)adenine, thidiazuron) resulted in callus formation. The callus produced roots on media containing indole-3-acetic
acid or α-naphtaleneacetic acid alone. On media supplemented with auxins and cytokinins, indirect shoot organogenesis was
also observed. The most efficient shoot formation was observed with 2.85 μM of indole-3-acetic acid and 4.44 μM of benzyladenine.
Regenerated shoots were rooted on Murashige and Skoog without plant growth regulators medium or on a medium supplemented with
indole-3-acetic acid. From a single leaf explant (one fifth of the leaf) after a month of the culture, 35 regenerated shoots
were obtained (allowing for the formation of about 180 vegetative shoots per leaf). Successful multiplication of shoots from
a standardized explant makes it possible to obtain a great quantity of uniform plant material for biotechnological purposes. 相似文献
9.
Plant regeneration from different explants of neem 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Salvi Neeta D. Singh Hemraj Tivarekar Suchita Eapen Susan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,65(2):159-162
When different seedling explants, i.e. hypocotyl, epicotyl, cotyledonary node, root-shoot zone, cotyledon, leaves and roots
from 7-day-old seedlings of neem were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 benzyladenine and 0.1 mg l−1indole-3-acetic acid, shoot buds were initiated from all the explants tested, with leaf explants producing the highest average
number of shoots/explant. The regenerated shoots were further subcultured and later could be rooted on a medium supplemented
with indole butyric acid (1 mg l−1) and complete plants could be obtained.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Summary A method has been developed for the induction of adventitious shoots from leaf tissue of Echinacea pallida with subsequent whole-plant regeneration. Proliferating callus and shoot cultures were derived from leaf tissue explants
placed on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine and naphthaleneacetic acid combinations. The optimum
shoot regeneration frequency (63%) and number of shoots per explant (2.3 shoots per explant) was achieved using media supplemented
with 26.6 μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.11 μM naphthaleneacetic acid. Rooting of regenerated shoot explants was successful on Murashige and Skoog medium, both with and
without the addition of indole-3-butyric acid. All plantlets survived acclimatization, producing phenotypically normal plants
in the greenhouse. This study demonstrates that leaf tissue of E. pallida is competent for adventitious shoot regeneration and establishes a useful method for the micropropagation of this important
medicinal plant. 相似文献
11.
Summary Tennessee coneflower [Echinacea tennesseensis (Beadle) Small] was regenerated from flower stalks, leaf sections from flowering plants, and hypocotyls and cotyledons from
seedlings. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.54 μM and thidiazuron (TDZ) at 22.7 μM yielded the most shoots per leaf explant. NAA and 6-benzylaminopurine concentrations for optimal shoot regeneration from
leaf, flower stalk, cotyledon and hypocotyl explants in MS media were 0.54 and 24.6μM, respectively. All explant types generated shoots; however, those derived from leaves and flower stalks produced the highest
number of shoots per explant and highest percentage of explants with shoots. Explants cultured on media containing high levels
of NAA (5.4–27 μM) formed calluses but no adventitious shoot. Leaf explants responded to a wider range of NAA concentrations than the other
explant types but shoots generated from flower stalks grew the fastest. While all cytokinins tested increased the number of
shoots per explant, the number of shoots in media containing TDZ was increased by nearly threefold. Regenerated shoots from
all explant types cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.25 μM indole-3-butyric acid initiated roots within 4 wk; NAA was not effective for root induction. All vernalized plantlets developed
into plants that were morphologically identical to the source material. 相似文献
12.
P. G. Golegaonkar A. S. Kantharajah 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(4):341-344
Summary
In vitro plantlet regeneration was obtained from cultured cotyledon and young leaf explants of five Indian chile pepper cultivars
(Capsicum annuum L. evs. Gujarat-1, Gujarat-2, Guntur-4, Selection-49, and Jwala). Adventitious shoot buds (ASB) were regenerated directly
from cotyledon and young leaf explants in all the five cultivars on media containing benzyladenine (BA) alone or in combination
with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Regeneration frequency was highly influenced by cultivar explant type, media combination
and their interactions, except the interaction between cultivar and explant, for number of ASB per explant. Percent contribution
of individual source suggested that selection of explant type followed by medium combination and cultivars was essential for
obtaining high-frequency ASB induction. Across different cultivars the young leaf explant was found to be the most responsive
explant, while Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing BA alone (17.8, 26.6, and 35.5 μM) was found to be the best medium for the production of maximum number of ASB. Between the two explants, shoot elongation
was observed with ASB obtained from young leaf explants on MS medium containing BA (2.2 and 4.4 μM) and gibberellie acid (GA3) (1.4, 2.9, 4.3 and 5.8 μM). The MS medium fortified with 4.4 μM BA+2.9μM GA3 was optimum for shoot elongation. Elongated shoots were rooted on liquid MS medium supplemented with 2.9 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and successfully established ex vitro. 相似文献
13.
Marie-Claire D'Souza Madhuri Sharon 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2001,37(2):168-172
Summary A protocol for in vitro propagation of Bixa orellana is described. Plants were regenerated from shoot apex and nodal explants on B5 medium supplemented with 4.9 μM 2-isopentenyl adenine. The multiplication factor of shoot apex explants was higher (nine shoots per explant) than that of
the nodal explants (five shoots per explant). Regardless of the position of the nodes, all the nodal explants gave similar
responses. However, the size of the nodal explant was an important factor in producing multiple shoots: 0.5 cm nodal explants
produced the maximum multiple shoots. Regenerated shoots from shoot apex explants rooted best on MS medium supplemented with
0.05 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). whereas shoots regenerated from nodal explants needed 2.7 μM NAA for rooting. Eighty per cent survival of in vivo transferred plants occurred on the best potting substrate, coco peat. Since the multiplication factor was nine per explant,
this protocol can be use for commercial microprogation. However, the regeneration capacity declined after 10 subcultures.
Approximately, 3350 rooted plants could be generated in 10 mo. after eight subcultures, from one shoot with a shoot apex and
four nodes. 相似文献
14.
F. Scaramuzzi G. Apollonio S. D’Emerico 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1999,35(3):217-221
Summary Leaf explants of Sinningia speciosa were cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with various growth substances in order to regenerate shoots.
On MS medium supplemented with indoleacetic acid (IAA) and kinetin, 80% of the explants produced green callus and 25 to 30
shoots with roots per explant. On MS supplemented with IAA and N6 benzyladenine (BA), 80% of the explants produced green callus and 40 to 50 shoots per explant but lacked roots. After 3–4
mo., these shoots were removed from the initial explants and transferred separately onto MS supplemented with indolebutyric
acid for their elongation and successive rooting (3 mo.). Histological studies showed that the callus was associated with
mesophyll cell layers, primarily with the spongy parenchyma. The shoots regenerated at the callus surface and were associated
with newly differentiated vascular areas. Recurrent regenerations were obtained from leaf explants or apical meristems excised
from shoots of the previous subcultures. These explants, as compared to initial cultures, had a high frequency of regeneration
and also produced more shoots per explant. Chromosome numbers of root tip cells of the mother plant and of all in vitro-regenerated
plants remained constant: 2n=26. 相似文献
15.
Influence of petiole and lamina on adventitious shoot initiation from leaf explants of Paulownia fortunei 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Adventitious shoot bud differentiation occurred preferentially from the petiolar cut ends of leaf explants of Paulownia fortunei cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 4 μmα-naphthaleneacetic acid and 20 μm benzyladenine. The details of plantlet regeneration and successful transplantation to soil have been reported earlier. We
now show that besides medium supplementation with auxin and cytokinin, the presence of lamina and petiole in the explant influence
shoot bud induction. Explants with the basal half of the lamina and the entire petiole were much more responsive than those
with whole lamina and petiole. A dual-culture-medium technique which permitted incubation of the two ends of excised petioles
under two different phytohormone regimes was devised. Our data suggest that some of the diffusible factors from the lamina
may be phytohormones, and that the establishment of an endogenous phytohormone gradient in the explants may affect shoot bud
differentiation in this culture system.
Received: 7 April 1998 / Revision received: 8 April 1998 / Accepted: 17 April 1998 相似文献
16.
The epicotyl segments bearing scaly leave(s), excised from in vitro grown seedlings of Syzygium cuminii, produced multiple shoots when cultivated on Murashige and Skoog's (MS, 1962) medium supplemented with different concentrations
of BA (0–2 mg l–1). The optimum response was recorded on the medium containing 1 mg l–1 BA. An average of 8.6 shoots per explant were produced 60 days after inoculation, following transfer to fresh medium after
30 days. The shoots were excised, and the residual explants were transferred to fresh medium, where they again developed shoots.
Up to five such passages resulted in the production of shoots from the repeatedly subcultured original explants. However,
during the fifth passage, organogenic response was negligible and the explants turned brown thereafter. Following repeated
harvesting of shoots and subculture of the residual explants, an average of 29 shoots per explant was obtained. The in vitro
developed shoots produced roots when transferred to Knop's medium supplemented with 2% sucrose and 1 mg l–1 IAA. The developed plantlets were planted in soil and transferred to fields after an acclimatization period of 7–8 months.
These plants have been thriving well for more than 3 years. The nodal explants excised from in vitro developed shoots and
plants also exhibited a similar response when cultured on MS+1 mg l–1 BA. Thus, a protocol has been developed to raise plants of S. cuminii at any time of the year.
Received: 1 December 1998 / Revision received: 1 July 1999 · Accepted: 12 July 1999 相似文献
17.
Dong-Ho Shin Jin Sook Kim In Jeong Kim Jaemo Yang Soo Kyung Oh Gab Chae Chung Kyung-Hwan Han 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(4):273-278
Summary We describe a protocol, and several experiments that helped lead to its development, for sunflower regeneration. Important
factors for sunflower regeneration were explant age, cytokinin type and concentration, basal medium, and explant source. We
could not induce shoot regeneration from the explants derived from mature tissues including leaf, petiole, and stem. However,
use of juvenile explants such as embryo meristem and primordial leaf tissues allowed routine regeneration of 17 different
sunflower genotypes. High frequency of shoot regeneration was achieved with these explants taken from seedlings up to 5 d
after germination. Explant age was less critical for embryo meristem explants than for primordial leaf tissues. Of the four
basal media tested, MS and B5 media produced higher shoot-regeneration frequencies than did Anderson and woody plant media.
The highest shoot-regeneration frequency was obtained with MS medium supplemented with 2 μM BA and without auxin. Addition of 1 μM naphthalene-acetic acid to the medium significantly reduced both the percentage of explants producing shoots and average
number of shoots per explant. Regenerated shoots were grown to maturity in a greenhouse. 相似文献
18.
Micropropagated plants of two annual haloxerophytic Asiatic Salsola species (S. pestifer and S. lanata) were obtained from zygotic embryos cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) agar medium supplemented with 0.5 μM benzylamino-purine
(BAP) and 0.3 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or with 0.5 μM 6 γ, γ-dimethylallylaminopurine and 0.3 μM IAA. The callus induction
from shoot and leaf explants derived from plants propagated in vitro were obtained on MS agar medium with various concentration of auxins and cytokinins. The best medium for growth and proliferation
of calluses of both studied species was MS medium containing 9.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. It was also determined
that beginning of plant regeneration from callus of S. lanata was induced by 8.8 μM BAP.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
S. Amutha M. Muruganantham A. Ganapathi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2006,42(1):26-30
Summary Prolific shoot regeneration was achieved in mungbean Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek from 3-d-old in vitro cotyledonary node and hypocotyl explants from seedlings derived from mature seeds on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.9 μM). An initial exposure to TDZ for 20 d and three successive transfers to fresh medium with reduced thidiazuron levels (0.09
μM) resulted in the regeneration of 104 shoots/explant from the cotyledon and 30 shoots/explant from the hypocotyl. Thidiazuron-associated
abnormalities such as short compact shoots, fasciation and leaf growth in the form of rosettes were observed in shoots regenerated
from hypocotyl explants. Both axillary and adventitious shoot formation from the explants were confirmed by histology. Through
repectitive cycles of regeneration in the presence of TDZ, the number of shoots that could be obtained from the two explant
classes within 80 d was significantly higher than with previous reports in mungbean 相似文献
20.
Bodhipadma Kitti Noichinda Sompoch Padyencheun Winan Khunthacharoen Theerapong Chikhunthod Utorn Leung David W. M. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(3):465-469
The shoots developed from both the shoot tip and nodal explants of feathered amaranth (Celosia argentea var. plumosa—feathered cockscomb or plumed cockscomb) after 8 weeks of culture in the presence of either paclobutrazol or benzyladenine
(BA) were shorter than those developed on basal Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium (Physiol Plant, 15:473–497, 1962) alone. However, this retarding effect was more pronounced in the nodal explant culture. Shoot tip explants from 2-week-old
seedlings were more adversely affected by 0.85 or 1.7 μM paclobutrazol than those from older seedlings. In contrast, regardless
of preculture duration investigated nodal explants did not exhibit different response to three different concentrations of
paclobutazol. The response to 2.2 or 4.4 μM BA appeared to be largely independent of the age of the shoot tip explants or
preculture treatment of nodal explants. Shoots developed from nodal explants produced a higher number of terminal inflorescence
than those from shoot tip explants. Moreover, only lateral shoots from nodal explant culture formed inflorescence. Increased
preculture duration on basal MS medium could generally lessen the inhibitory effect of lower concentrations of paclobutazol
or BA on terminal or lateral inflorescence formation in nodal explant culture. 相似文献