超声引导下星状神经节阻滞对脊柱手术患者的应用效果及对消化功能、应激反应的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下星状神经节阻滞对脊柱手术患者的应用效果及对消化功能、应激反应的影响。方法：选取我院2020年1月到2023年1月收治的60例脊柱手术患者作为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组,每组30例。对照组患者采取静脉全身麻醉,观察组患者在超声引导下行星状神经节阻滞麻醉后再行静脉全身麻醉诱导,对比两组患者术中不同时间生命体征变化,手术前后谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-px）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）相关应激因子变化,并对比两组患者术后2 h、术后6 h、术后12 h和术后24 h视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分,对比患者消化功能恢复时间及15项恢复质量评分量表（QoR-15）评分。结果：T₁到T₄时间观察组SPO₂、HR、MAP、DBP、SBP对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,T₁到T₄时间对照组SPO₂、HR、MAP、DBP、SBP对比差异显著（P＜0.05）,T₂和T₃时间观察组与对照组患者SPO₂、HR、MAP、DBP、SBP对比具有显著差异（P＜0.05）;两组患者手术前GSH-px、MDA、SOD对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,术后2h两组患者GSH-px、SOD、MDA均升高,观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后2 h、术后6 h、术后12 h的VAS评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,两组患者术后24 h的VAS评分对比无差异（P＞0.05）;观察组患者术后24 h、术后48 h、术后72h的QoR-15评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,观察组患者消化功能恢复时间短于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：超声引导下星状神经节阻滞可稳定患者生命体征,减轻患者应激反应,改善术后短期疼痛情况,促进消化功能恢复。     

吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术与传统外剥内扎术治疗混合痔的疗效对比研究

摘要 目的：对比吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术（PHH）与传统外剥内扎术治疗混合痔的临床疗效,为混合痔治疗术式的选择提供参考。方法：回顾性分析我院收治的84例混合痔患者的临床资料,根据手术方式的不同分为观察组（42例,采用PPH手术治疗）、对照组（42例,采用传统外剥内扎术治疗）。比较两组术中出血量、临床疗效、手术时间、住院时间、治疗费用、肛门功能评分、术后愈合时间及并发症情况,采用视觉模拟量表（VAS）评估两组手术前后疼痛情况。结果：两组治疗总有效率比较无差异（P＞0.05）。与对照组相比,观察组手术时间、住院时间及术后愈合时间更短,术中出血量更少（P＜0.05）。两组术后1 d、术后3 d的VAS评分较术前升高（P＜0.05）,与对照组比较,观察组术后1 d、术后3 d的VAS评分更低（P＜0.05）。观察组肛门坠胀、控便失调发生率显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：PPH手术治疗混合痔的临床疗效优于传统外剥内扎术,可明显减少患者术中出血量,缩短手术时间及术后愈合时间,减轻患者的疼痛。     

陈氏心衰方联合β-受体阻滞药治疗缺血性心肌病心衰疗效及对心功能、6 min步行试验影响

摘要 目的：探讨陈氏心衰方及β-受体阻滞药治疗缺血性心肌病心衰疗效及对心功能、6 min步行试验影响。方法：选取我院2022.4-2022.5所收治的70例缺血性心肌病心衰患者按照随机数字表法分为心衰方组和对照组,各35例,其中对照组采取常规治疗+β-受体阻滞药治疗,心衰方组对照组治疗基础上,加用陈氏心衰方治疗,对比两种治疗方案疗效及对心功能、6 min步行试验影响。结果：心衰方组的治疗有效率（97.1 %）显著高于对照组（82.9 %）（P＜0.05）;治疗后,两组心功能均显著改善,而与对照组相比,心衰方组LVEDD和LVESD显著降低,LVEF显著增加（P＜0.05）;治疗前6 min步行试验结果对比无统计学差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者6 min步行试验结果明显长于治疗前,且心衰方组治疗后也显著长于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者BNP水平、中医证候评分、生活质量评分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者的BNP水平、中医证候评分、生活质量评分均明显降低,且心衰方组也显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：陈氏心衰方及β-受体阻滞药治疗缺血性心肌病心衰疗效显著,可改善患者的心功能,疗效优于单一应用β-受体阻滞药,更适用于缺血性心肌病心衰的治疗,临床上积极及推广应用功能联合用药治疗方式。     

股前外侧穿支皮瓣与胸腹带蒂皮瓣对手外伤组织缺损修复的应用效果及对创面愈合程度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨股前外侧穿支皮瓣与胸腹带蒂皮瓣对手外伤组织缺损修复的应用效果及对创面愈合程度的影响。方法：选取我院2018年12月到2020年12月共收治的119例手外伤组织缺损患者作为研究对象,随机分为2组,分别为对照组（n=59,应用胸腹带蒂皮瓣修复术）和观察组（n=60,应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复术）。对比两组患者治疗优良率,对比两组患者治疗前后手部创面面积、创面愈合程度以及组织愈合时间,对比两组患者治疗后的Jamar握力、TAM和DASH评分情况,对比两组患者的皮瓣成活率、皮瓣危象率和血管吻合时间。结果：通过对比两组患者治疗优良率发现,观察组患者优的人数为21例、良为35例,优良率为93.33%,对照组患者优的人数为16例,良为30例,优良率为77.97%,观察组高于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后,与对照组相比,观察组患者的手部创面面积、组织愈合时间和DASH评分显著减少,创面愈合程度以及TAM与Jamar握力显著增加（P＜0.05）;通过对比两组患者的皮瓣成活率、术后皮瓣危象率以及血管吻合时间发现,两组患者的术后皮瓣危象率、血管吻合时间对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,两组患者的术后皮瓣成活率对比差异显著,观察组明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对手外伤组织缺损患者应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣与胸腹带蒂皮瓣修复术均具有明显的修复效果,但是应用股前外侧穿支皮瓣能够提升治疗效果,提升患者创面愈合程度减少愈合时间,提升患者手部运动情况,提升术后皮瓣成活率,值得临床应用推广。     

通乳围刺法联合抗生素治疗哺乳期乳腺炎效果及对患者疼痛程度、炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨通乳围刺法联合抗生素治疗哺乳期乳腺炎效果及对患者疼痛程度、炎症因子的影响。方法：选取我院2019年1月到2022年12月收治的80例哺乳期乳腺炎患者作为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组,每组40例。对照组采取常规抗生素治疗,观察在采取通乳围刺法联合抗生素治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效,治疗前及治疗7 d后中医证候积分变化,不同时间视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分及疼痛消退时间,治疗前及治疗7 d后炎症因子水平变化。结果：与对照组相比,观察组治疗总有效率较高（P<0.05）;治疗前两组患者恶寒发热、局部皮肤灼热、乳房胀痛、乳房结块症状积分对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者恶寒发热、局部皮肤灼热、乳房胀痛、乳房结块症状积分均降低,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者VAS评分对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后1 d、治疗后3 d、6 d两组患者逐渐降低,且与对照组相比,观察组较低（P＜0.05）,观察组疼痛消退时间低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗前白细胞计数（WBC）、降钙素原（PCT）、超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）表达水平对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组均降低,且与对照组相比,观察组较低（P＜0.05）。结论：通乳围刺法联合抗生素治疗哺乳期乳腺炎能够提升其临床疗效,减轻患者恶寒发热、局部皮肤灼热、乳房胀痛、乳房结块等症状,减轻疼痛感与疼痛持续时间,降低患者机体炎症因子水平,值得临床应用推广。     

腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗凶险性前置胎盘产后大出血临床效果

摘要 目的：探讨腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗凶险性前置胎盘产后大出血的临床效果。方法：选取我院2019年1月到2021年12月收治的178例凶险性前置胎盘患者作为研究对象,所有患者均采取剖宫产手术,且术后出现产后大出血现象,将所有患者依照术中胎盘位置及植入情况治疗方式分为观察组（n=73）与对照组（n=105）。其中对照组产妇采取腹动脉球囊置入联合宫腔纱条填塞术,观察组采取腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗,对比两组产妇的剖宫产时间、术后24 h失血量、术中失血量以及总手术时间,相关临床指标,产后泌乳时间和产后1 d、2 d的泌乳量评分以及住院时间,并发症发生情况。结果：两组产妇剖宫产时间、球囊预置术时间对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,观察组产妇术后24 h失血量、术中失血量、总手术时间明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。手术前两组产妇凝血酶原时间（PT）、凝血活酶时间（APTT）、血小板（PLT）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、D-二聚体（D-Dimer）无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组产妇PT均升高,观察组高于对照组,PLT、NO、NOS均降低,观察组低于对照组;对照组APTT、FIB无明显变化,但观察组APTT高于对照组,FIB低于对照组;观察组D-Dimer无明显变化,但对照组升高（P＜0.05）。观察组产妇的产后1、2 d泌乳量评分明显高于对照组,泌乳时间、术后住院时间明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组产妇术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：对凶险性前置胎盘产后大出血患者采取腹动脉球囊置入联合宫颈提拉缝合治疗能够进一步减轻患者术后出血量,且改善患者凝血因子、一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶、纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体水平,提升泌乳量,减少术后并发症发生率,值得临床应用推广。     

鼻内镜术前应用枸地氯雷他定对慢性鼻窦炎的治疗效果及对患者嗅觉功能和鼻黏膜形态的影响

摘要 目的：探讨鼻内镜术前应用枸地氯雷他定对慢性鼻窦炎的治疗效果及对患者嗅觉功能和鼻黏膜形态的影响。方法：选取我院2019年1月到2022年12月收治的80例慢性鼻窦炎患者作为研究对象,分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组患者采取单纯鼻内镜手术治疗,观察组患者在术前应用枸地氯雷他定治疗1个月后再行鼻内镜手术,对比两组患者的临床治疗效果,治疗前后炎症因子水平,内镜下鼻粘膜形态量化评分,嗅觉功能与糖精试验时间。结果：两组患者治疗总有效率对比无差异（P＞0.05）;治疗后两组患者IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α相关炎症因子水平均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者鼻漏、结痂、瘢痕、黏膜水肿、息肉、脓性分泌物等情况内镜下鼻粘膜形态量化评分对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者鼻漏、结痂、瘢痕、黏膜水肿、息肉、脓性分泌物等情况内镜下鼻粘膜形态量化评分均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者嗅觉识别阈值、糖精试验时间对比无明显差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组患者嗅觉识别阈值、糖精试验时间均降低,且观察组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：鼻内镜术前应用枸地氯雷他定对慢性鼻窦炎具有显著临床疗效,同时能够降低患者术后炎症因子水平,改善鼻黏膜形态,提升纤毛运动功能与嗅觉功能,值得临床应用推广。     

视网膜光凝术联合雷珠单抗治疗新生血管青光眼的疗效及对血液流变学和房水炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨新生血管青光眼采用视网膜光凝术联合雷珠单抗治疗的疗效及对房水炎性因子和血液流变学的影响。方法：选取我院2015年2月～2017年5月收治的172例（180眼）新生血管青光眼患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组患者85例（88眼）,采用视网膜光凝术进行治疗,观察组患者87例（92眼）,采用视网膜光凝术联合雷珠单抗进行治疗,对比两组治疗后虹膜新生血管消退情况及消退时间,治疗前后眼压变化情况和静脉循环时间、眼部光学相干断层扫描（OCT）、血液流变学、房水炎性因子检测结果与不良反应发生情况。结果：观察组虹膜新生血管消失率为95.65%,高于对照组的80.68%（P＜0.05）;与对照组对比,观察组虹膜新生血管消退时间更短（P＜0.05）;与对照组对比,观察组治疗后眼压更低,静脉循环时间更短（P＜0.05）;与对照组对比,观察组治疗后视野缺损值更小,视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）厚度更厚（P＜0.05）;治疗后观察组血浆黏度(PV)、红细胞压积( HCT)、血小板黏附率(PAdT)水平均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后观察组房水炎性因子水平包括白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1(MCP-1)水平均低于对照组（P＜0.05）;对照组不良反应发生率为9.09%,与观察组的10.87%对比无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论：新生血管青光眼采用视网膜光凝术联合雷珠单抗治疗的疗效理想,可改善患者的血液流变学指标,降低房水炎性因子水平,且安全性高。     

改良乳突根治术联合后上壁重建对上鼓室胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者听力改善及复发率的影响

摘要 目的：探讨改良乳突根治术联合后上壁重建对上鼓室胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者听力改善及复发率的影响。方法：选取本院2015年5月-2020年10月收治的62例上鼓室胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者作为研究对象,随机将其分为改良组（n=31）和对照组（n=31）。改良组采用改良乳突根治术联合后上壁重建进行治疗,对照组采用乳突根治术进行治疗,对比两组患者手术前后听力情况、术后干耳所需时间等指标。结果：治疗前两组患者的气骨导差、气导听阀对比无明显差异（P>0.05）,治疗后均降低,并且改良组低于对照组（P＜0.05）;改良组患者术后并发症发生率较对照组低（P＜0.05）;改良组患者的术后2周、4周、8周干耳率较对照组高（P＜0.05）,术后干耳所需时间低于对照组（P＜0.05）;改良组治疗总有效率较对照组高（P＜0.05）。结论：将改良乳突根治术联合后上壁重建应用于上鼓室胆脂瘤型中耳炎患者当中,可提高患者听力,降低并发症,还可提高患者干耳率,缩短干耳时间,降低复发率,提高临床疗效,本研究值得临床借鉴。     

齿痛消炎灵颗粒联合牙周激光对牙周炎的应用效果及对口气和舌苔指标的影响

摘要 目的：探讨齿痛消炎灵颗粒联合牙周激光对牙周炎的应用效果及对口气和舌苔指标的影响。方法：选取我院2020年7月到2023年7月收治的80例牙周炎患者,分为观察组与对照组,各40例。对照组采取常规治疗与口服齿痛消炎灵颗粒,观察组以对照组为基础,增加牙周激光治疗。对比两组患者临床疗效,对比其治疗前与治疗4周后菌斑指数（PLI）,出血指数（BI）、探诊深度（PD）、临床附着丧失（CAL）相关牙周健康指标,口气感官值（OS）、口腔挥发硫化物（VSCs）相关口气指标以及舌苔厚度（Tt）、舌苔面积（Ta）相关舌苔指标变化。结果：观察组治疗总有效率较对照组高（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者CAL、PD、BI、PLI水平对无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组均降低,且与对照组相比,观察组较低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者OS、VSCs水平对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组均降低,且与对照组相比,观察组较低（P＜0.05）;治疗前两组患者Tt、Ta评分对比无差异（P＞0.05）,治疗后两组均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P＜0.05）。结论：齿痛消炎灵颗粒联合牙周激光治疗牙周炎效果较好,改善患者牙周健康程度,减少舌苔情况,改善口气情况。     

昼夜温差对番茄生长发育、产量及果实品质的影响

在3间人工气候室精密受控环境中,保持日平均温度为22 ℃,设置昼夜温差分别为6 ℃(25 ℃/19 ℃)、8 ℃(26 ℃/18 ℃)、10 ℃(27 ℃/17 ℃),研究昼夜温差对番茄生长的影响.结果表明: 番茄不同品种、不同生长时期适宜的昼夜温差条件不同.番茄开花前,与6 ℃温差相比,8 ℃温差可显著加快野生种醋栗番茄LA1781生长发育,使幼苗株高增加23.1%,出叶加快1～2片,开花提前7 d;10 ℃温差对LA1781苗期的促进作用与8 ℃温差相似.对栽培种普通番茄LA2397和LA0490来说,6 ℃温差使幼苗生长良好,8 ℃温差对幼苗无显著促进作用;与6 ℃温差相比,10 ℃温差对苗期生长及开花有抑制作用,使株高降低12.0%～18.3%,出叶慢2～3片,开花推迟2～4 d.10 ℃温差使3个品种番茄地上部分干质量增加25.2%～44.2%.番茄开花后,与6 ℃温差相比,10 ℃温差可显著提高LA1781的产量和果实品质,使果实数增加34.7%,单株产量增加92.1%,平均单果质量增加40.0%,果实可溶性糖含量增加16.3%,番茄红素含量增加95.6%.与6 ℃温差相比,LA2397和LA0490在8 ℃温差下产量和果实品质提高,番茄红素含量增加超过2倍;在10 ℃温差下产量略有降低(5.0%),果实含糖量降低,但果实尺寸和番茄红素含量增加.表明番茄苗期生长温差不宜过大,花果期适当增大昼夜温差可提高产量和果实品质,但温差过大易造成生长不良和减产.     

Effect of pre-cooling, with and without thigh cooling, on strain and endurance exercise performance in the heat

Body cooling before exercise (i.e. pre-cooling) reduces physiological strain in humans during endurance exercise in temperate and warm environments, usually improving performance. This study examined the effectiveness of pre-cooling humans by ice-vest and cold (3 degrees C) air, with (LC) and without (LW) leg cooling, in reducing heat strain and improving endurance performance in the heat (35 degrees C, 60% RH). Nine habitually-active males completed three trials, involving pre-cooling (LC and LW) or no pre-cooling (CON: 34 degrees C air) before 35-min cycle exercise: 20 min at approximately 65% VO2peak then a 15-min work-performance trial. At exercise onset, mean core (Tc, from oesophagus and rectum) and skin temperatures, forearm blood flow (FBF), heart rate (HR), and ratings of exertion, body temperature and thermal discomfort were lower in LW and LC than CON (P<0.05). They remained lower at 20 min [e.g. Tc: CON 38.4+/-0.2 (+/-S.E.), LW 37.9+/-0.1, and LC 37.8+/-0.1 degrees C; HR: 177+/-3, 163+/-3 and 167+/-3 b.p.m.), except that FBF was equivalent (P=0.10) between CON (15.5+/-1.6) and LW (13.6+/-1.0 ml.100 ml tissue(-1) x min(-1)). Subsequent power output was higher in LW (2.95+/-0.24) and LC (2.91+/-0.25) than in CON (2.52+/-0.28 W kg(-1), P=0.00, N=8), yet final Tc remained lower. Pre-cooling by ice-vest and cold air effectively reduced physiological and psychophysical strain and improved endurance performance in the heat, irrespective of whether thighs were warmed or cooled.     

Influence of temperature on female,embryonic and hatchling traits in syntopic newts,Ichthyosaura alpestris and Lissotriton vulgaris

Amphibian populations have been declining globally for the last several decades, and climate change is often regarded as one of the most important factors driving these declines. Amphibians are particularly sensitive to climatic changes due to their physiological, ecological and behavioral characteristics. Here we performed a laboratory experiment to investigate how temperature affects ovipositing females, eggs and hatchlings in two syntopic populations of alpine newts, Ichthyosaura alpestris, and smooth newts, Lissotriton vulgaris. Female newts were assigned to two different oviposition temperatures (11 °C and 14 °C) for the duration of their oviposition period. Deposited eggs were equally divided and assigned to three different incubation temperatures (11 °C, 14 °C and 17 °C). We hypothesized that oviposition will be affected by temperature, that the combination of different oviposition and incubation temperatures may have an effect on embryonic and hatchling traits (embryonic mortality, days to hatch and hatchling length), and that these effects might differ between the two newt species. Temperature affected the number of deposited eggs in smooth newts, but not in alpine newts. Larval hatching success was not affected by oviposition or incubation temperature. Temperature effects on hatching time and hatchling length differed between the two species. These results suggest that temperature changes may have disparate effects on amphibian reproduction, even in syntopic taxa.     

Comparative study of circadian variation in oral,tympanic, forehead,axillary and elbow pit temperatures measured in a cohort of young university students living their normal routines

The primary objective of the present research work is to study and compare the circadian variability in body temperature recorded from different locations of the body during subjects’ normal routines. Temperatures of oral cavity (sublingually), tympanum, forehead, axilla and the elbow pit were measured simultaneously at approximate 1-h intervals for five consecutive days during subjects’ waking span in their routine living condition. The observations were made in eight young, apparently healthy, university students. Data were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry for evaluation of circadian rhythms and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures to assess the effect of time of day and measuring site on body temperatures and their interaction. Significant circadian rhythms in body temperature, irrespective of site, were found. Based on autocorrelation analysis, it was observed that the day-to-day variability in body temperature was consistent. The acrophases of all the studied temperature rhythms were located in the afternoon, except axillary temperature, which occurred in the early evening. The mean daytime temperature was found to be the highest when recorded sublingually and it was the lowest on the forehead or elbow pit. On the basis of the results of this study, we recommend that the methods used could be introduced into laboratory courses in a curriculum of chronobiology courses for both UG and PG classes for the demonstration/study of circadian rhythms in body temperature under normal routines. The methods used are valuable as they are non-invasive, easily accepted and assessable in a student setting.     

Influence of Time of Day on Body Temperature,Heart Rate,Arterial Pressure,and Other Biological Variables in Horses during Incremental Exercise

We examined the response to exercise of selected physiological variables in horses performing the identical routine for eight days, in the morning (a.m.) or in the afternoon (p.m.). Heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), and body temperature (BT) were all consistently greater in the p.m. For BP and BT, the absolute increase above the a.m. values was the same at rest and during exercise. For HR, the absolute increase was greater during exercise, but the percent increase was the same as during rest. During exercise, blood glucose decreased, while blood lactate and skin temperature increased; these changes were the same during the a.m. and p.m. sessions. We conclude that there is no indication in horses of a difference in the responses of HR, BP, and BT to exercise between the a.m. and p.m. The circadian oscillations, however, alter the absolute values of these variables both at rest and during exercise, raising the possibility that the safety margins against hyperthermia and hypertension may decrease during p.m. exercise.     

浙江丽水中国石龙子卵孵化温度效应的进一步研究

在3个恒定温度（24、30、32℃）和1个自然波动温度（22.0-36.2℃）下孵化中国石龙子（Eu-meces chinensis）卵。结果表明温度对孵化成功率和孵出幼体的疾跑速无影响,对孵化期有显著影响;24℃和波动温度下孵出幼体的湿重和躯干干重较大,剩余卵黄干重较小（即卵黄利用率较高）;32℃高温对幼体形态发育有负面影响,但卵在自然波动温度下（包括短暂的高温组）的成功孵化应视为该种进行适应的结果。     

温度对新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的影响

新菠萝灰粉蚧是近年在我国新发现的一种重要外来入侵害虫,温度是决定新菠萝灰粉蚧能否建立稳定种群的最基本因素.本研究以南瓜作为寄主,探索恒温条件对新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的影响.在17、20、23、26、29和32 ℃,光周期14L∶10D,相对湿度(75±5)%的实验室条件下,测定了新菠萝灰粉蚧各虫态的发育历期、发育速率、存活率和繁殖力,组建了新菠萝灰粉蚧的实验种群生命表.结果表明: 在20～29 ℃,各虫态的发育历期均随温度的升高而缩短,在20 ℃下雌、雄若虫期的发育历期最长,分别为46.95和50.26 d;29 ℃时雌虫若虫期的发育历期最短,为20.28 d;而雄虫若虫期在32 ℃时最短,为20.70 d.各虫态的温度与发育速率的关系均符合二次回归关系.此外,温度显著影响新菠萝灰粉蚧的存活率,在29 ℃时雌、雄若虫期的存活率均最高,分别为70.3%和69.3%;雌虫世代的发育起点温度为13.80 ℃,有效积温为491.50日·度;雄虫世代的发育起点温度为11.61 ℃,有效积温为388.85日·度.新菠萝灰粉蚧的产卵前期和成虫寿命随着温度的升高而缩短;成虫产卵量在29 ℃时最高,达每雌442.2粒;最小为20 ℃,仅为每雌111.8粒;29和20 ℃下种群趋势指数分别为168.2和19.1,且在17和32 ℃时,新菠萝灰粉蚧1龄若虫和3龄若虫均表现为生长停滞.说明温度过高或过低均不利于其生长发育.温度对新菠萝灰粉蚧的生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长有显著的影响,23～29 ℃是最适宜新菠萝灰粉蚧生长发育和繁殖的温度范围.     

Effects of temperature, salinity, and fish size on growth and consumption of juvenile bluefish

Consumption and growth rates of juvenile bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing fish size in short-term (7 days) experiments. Salinity had no effect on growth or consumption rate in a short-term experiment. In a long-term (90 days) mesocosm experiment, consumption and growth rates declined with increasing body size. Predictive equations developed from short-term experiments did not adequately predict observed consumption rates in the mesocosm experiment. However, growth in the mesocosm experiment was similar to field growth. Also, mesocosm consumption rates and consumption rates calculated using field growth and mesocosm growth efficiencies were similar to published independent field estimates of consumption rate. Our results indicate that experiments to determine the effects of temperature and the allometry of body size on growth and consumption rates should be conducted over long time periods simulating field conditions. Juvenile bluefish have rapid growth and their individual cumulative consumption is large. This result suggests that bluefish may have a large effect on their prey populations. This effect has yet to be quantified.     

安徽宿州山地麻蜥卵孵化温度效应

用3个恒定温度(27、30、33℃)和波动温度(14.0～37.5℃)孵化山地麻蜥(Eremias brenchleyi)卵。结果表明,各温度处理下卵孵化成功率差异不显著,但温度对孵化期、孵出幼体表型特征及疾跑速度有显著影响;27、30℃和波动温度下孵出幼体的SVL、重量及躯干干重比33℃的要大,33℃孵出幼体的运动能力比其他3个温度处理弱。波动温度处理下山地麻蜥卵虽短期经历潜在致死的极端温度,但对孵化成功率、孵出幼体表型特征和运动表现均无负效应。     

Effect of temperature on the drinking rates of two species of flatfish, flounder and turbot

Flounders responded to a temperature change of 10° C by increasing drinking rate with a Q ₁₀ value of about 1.5 while turbot showed a limited capacity to respond to a similar temperature change. Drinking as an indicator of osmoregulatory performance is well developed in the euryhaline flounder compared to the stenohaline turbot indicating fundamental differences in the physiological response to temperature.