急诊超声心动图联合血清NT-proBNP、cTnI、CK-MB诊断急性心肌梗死的临床价值分析

摘要 目的：研究急诊超声心动图联合血清氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、肌钙蛋白（cTnI）和肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）诊断急性心肌梗死（AMI）的临床价值。方法：将2019年12月至2020年6月期间我院收治的82例AMI患者纳入研究,记作病变组。另取同期于我院进行体检的健康者80例作为对照组。比较两组各项超声心动图指标水平,血清NT-proBNP、cTnI和CK-MB水平。分析超声心动图指标与血清NT-proBNP、cTnI和CK-MB的相关性。以受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声心动图联合血清NT-proBNP、cTnI和CK-MB水平诊断AMI的效能。结果：病变组左心室射血分数（LVEF）低于对照组,而左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）高于对照组（P＜0.05）。病变组血清NT-proBNP、cTnI和CK-MB水平均高于对照组（P＜0.05）。Pearson检验显示LVEF与血清NT-proBNP、cTnI和CK-MB均呈负相关（r=-0.514、-0.578、-0.532,均P＜0.05）,LVEDD与血清NT-proBNP、cTnI和CK-MB均呈正相关（r=0.625、0.594、0.575,均P＜0.05）。超声心动图联合血清三项诊断AMI的曲线下面积、灵敏度以及特异度均高于超声心动图、血清三项单独诊断。结论：超声心动图联合血清NT-proBNP、cTnI和CK-MB诊断AMI的价值较高,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

CK-MBmass, hs-cTnT及CK-MB与急性心肌梗死的相关性及其联合诊断价值

摘要 目的：研究肌酸激酶同工酶质量（CK-MBmass)、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）和高敏心肌肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）在急性心肌梗死患者（AMI）血清中的含量,并探讨三者联合对AMIDE诊断价值。方法：选择2018年1月到2021年10月我院收治的AMI患者90例作为研究组,并选择同期在我院体检健康志愿者40例作为对照组,比较两组AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB。根据Killp分级法将不同心力衰竭将AMI患者分为II、III和IV级,并根据心肌梗死范围将AMI患者分为轻度、中度和重度心肌梗死组。比较不同AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB。通过受试者工作曲线计算血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB联合诊断AMI的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感度和特异度。结果：（1）AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB均显著高于健康志愿者（P<0.05）;（2）AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB随Killp分级或心肌梗死范围升高而升高（P<0.05）;（3）AMI患者血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT,CK-MB与急性心肌梗死患者左室射血分数（LVEF）呈负相关（P<0.05）,与左室舒张末期容积（LVEDd）和梗死范围呈正相关（P<0.05）;（4）血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB联合检测急性心肌梗死的阳性预测值、阴性预测值、敏感度和特异度均高于单独诊断。结论：血清CK-MBmass,hs-cTnT和CK-MB在AMI患者含量升高,并且与患者心功能和心肌梗死范围有关,适用于AMI的联合诊断。     

急性心肌梗死患者PCI术后心室重构患者血清Hcy、CysC、MMP-1、NGAL的表达及临床意义

摘要 目的：观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者经皮冠脉介入术（PCI）术后心室重构患者血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、胱抑素C（CysC）、基质金属蛋白酶-1（MMP-1）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）的表达及临床意义。方法：选取2018年3月~2020年9月期间我院收治的AMI患者70例。根据PCI术后是否发生心室重构将其分为无心室重构组（n=49）和心室重构组（n=21）。检测患者血清MMP-1、Hcy、NGAL、CysC水平及心功能指标[左室后壁厚度( LVPWT)、左室舒张末期内径( LVEDD)、左室射血分数( LVEF)、室间隔厚度( IVST)]。分析血清MMP-1、Hcy、NGAL、CysC水平与心功能指标的相关性。分析AMI患者PCI术后心室重构的影响因素。结果：心室重构组血清MMP-1、Hcy、NGAL、CysC水平均高于无心室重构组（P<0.05）;LVEDD、IVST、 LVPWT均大于无心室重构组,LVEF低于无心室重构组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示：血清MMP-1、Hcy、NGAL、CysC水平和LVEDD、IVST、 LVPWT均呈正相关,而与LVEF呈负相关（P<0.05）。单因素分析结果显示：两组患者梗死部位、心律失常情况、单核细胞（MO）、肌酸激酶同功酶（CK-MB）、发病到开通梗死相关动脉时间组间对比差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：梗死部位为前壁、发生心律失常以及高水平的MO、CK-MB、MMP-1、Hcy、CysC均是AMI患者PCI术后发生心室重构的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论：血清MMP-1、Hcy、NGAL、CysC表达均与AMI患者PCI术后的心室重构密切相关,检测以上指标水平可对AMI患者PCI术后心室重构的预测和防治提供一定参考。     

无左室肥厚的非杓型高血压患者血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平表达及其临床意义

摘要 目的：探讨无左室肥厚（NLVH）的非杓型高血压患者血清生长分化因子15（GDF-15）、人软骨糖蛋白39（YKL-40）水平的表达及其临床意义。方法：选取2019年6月至2020年6月张家口学院附属人民医院收治的NLVH原发性高血压患者104例为研究对象,根据夜间收缩压下降率（SBPF）将其分为非杓型组（SBPF＜10%,n=60）和杓型组（10%≤SBPF≤20%,n=44）。另选取同期于张家口学院附属人民医院进行体检的健康志愿者49例记为对照组。比较三组受试者的血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平,比较非杓型和杓型NLVH患者的舒张压、收缩压、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）值、僵硬度、紧张度和扩张性、超声心动图参数、血压昼夜节律指标,分析NLVH的非杓型高血压患者血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平与超声心动图参数、血压昼夜节律、颈动脉粥样硬化指标的相关性。采用多元线性逐步回归分析非杓型高血压发病的影响因素。结果：非杓型NLVH组和杓型NLVH组患者的血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平均高于对照组患者,且非杓型NLVH组高于杓型NLVH组（P<0.05）;与杓型NLVH组患者比较,非杓型NLVH组患者的IMT、僵硬度、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、平均舒张压（nDBP）、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左房内径（LAD）、室间隔厚度（LVSD）、左室后壁厚度（PWD）均升高,LVEF、紧张度、扩张性则降低（P<0.05）,但两组患者的白天平均收缩压（dSBP）、白天平均舒张压（dDBP）比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经Pearson相关性分析显示,NLVH的非杓型高血压患者的血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平与IMT、僵硬度、LAD、LVEDD、LVSD、PWD、nSBP、nDBP呈正相关,与LVEF、紧张度、扩张性呈负相关（P<0.05）,而与dSBP、dDBP无明显相关性（P>0.05）;GDF-15与YKL-40水平呈正相关（P<0.05）。多元线性逐步回归分析显示：颈动脉IMT、僵硬度、LAD、LVEDD、nSBP、nDBP、LVEF、颈动脉紧张度、GDF-15是非杓型高血压发病的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：NLVH的非杓型高血压患者血清GDF-15、YKL-40水平异常升高,且与超声心动图参数、血压昼夜节律、颈动脉粥样硬化具有一定关联,患者发病受多种因素影响,临床工作中应结合相关因素对患者进行适当干预。     

温阳益气汤对阳虚血瘀证慢性心力衰竭患者血清sST2及GDF-15的影响

摘要 目的：探讨温阳益气汤对阳虚血瘀证慢性心力衰竭患者血清可溶性ST2（sST2）及血清生长分化因子15（GDF-15）的影响。方法：以2019.2-2020.5于我院就诊的慢性心力衰竭患者133例为研究对象,随机平均分为对照组（常规西医治疗）和观察组（在对照组的基础上给于温阳益气汤治疗）。观察并记录两组患者治疗效果和不良反应,心脏彩超仪器检测心功能指标（SV、CO、LVEF、LVED）,ELISA法检测血清sST2及GDF-15的表达水平,生活质量评分量表评价患者生活质量。结果：（1）观察组总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;（2）治疗后两组以上指标均较治疗前显著增加（P<0.05）,且治疗后观察组SV、CO、LVEF均较对照组显著增加（P<0.05）,而LVED无显著变化（P＞0.05）;（3）治疗后两组患者sST2、GDF-15均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）,且观察组以上指标均较对照组显著降低（P<0.05）;（4）治疗前两组患者社会领域、身躯领域、情绪领域、经济领域得分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,治疗后两组患者社会领域、身躯领域、情绪领域、经济领域得分均较治疗前显著增加,且治疗后观察组以上评分也显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：温阳宜气汤能使sST2、GDF-15表达降低,改善患者心功能和生活质量,疗效佳,具有一定临床参考意义。     

心力衰竭患者血清中内源性Apela、NT-proBNP、IL-6水平与心室重塑、心脏储备功能的相关性

摘要 目的：考察心力衰竭患者血清中内源性Apela、N端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平与心室重塑、心脏储备功能的相关性。方法：选取2018年5月至2021年5月,120例急性心肌梗死（AMI）后心力衰竭患者纳入研究。参与者被分为两组：心室重构组（n=51）和非心室重构组（n=69）,另选取同期体检的47名健康受试者作为对照。除了左心室壁厚度（LVWT）和左心室质量指数（LVMI）外,还测量了血清内源性Apela、NT-proBNP和IL-6表达水平。分析血清内源性Apela、NT-proBNP和IL-6与LVWT、LVMI的相关性,评价其预测心室重构的价值。采用6MWT值、D/S值和ΔWMSI评估心脏储备功能。结果：三组左心室壁厚度（LVWT）和LVMI具有差异（P<0.05）;与对照组相比,心室重塑组和非心室重塑组血清内源性Apela水平较低,而IL-6和NT-proBNP水平较高。心室重塑组Apela水平低于非心室重塑组,而IL-6和NT-proBNP水平高于非心室重塑组。三组间血清内源性Apela、IL-6、NT-proBNP水平有差异（P<0.05）;在AMI后心力衰竭患者中,血清内源性Apela与LVWT和LVMI呈显著负相关（r=-0.485,-0.428;P=0.001,0.007）。此外,血清IL-6、NT-proBNP与LVWT和LVMI呈显著正相关（r=0.512,0.426;P=0.000,0.000）（r=0.592,0.530;P=0.000,0.000）;在AMI后心力衰竭患者中,血清内源性Apela水平与6WMD和D/S呈显著负相关（r=-0.659,-0.561;P=0.001,0.001）。此外,血清IL-6水平、NT-proBNP水平与6WMD和D/S呈显著正相关（r=0.203,0.381;P=0.000,0.000）（r=0.521,0.481;P=0.000, 0.000）;Logistic回归分析显示,血清Apela水平越低,血清IL-6和NT-proBNP水平越高,心室重塑的可能性越大。因此,血清内源性Apela、IL-6、NT-proBNP和Killip分级是心室重塑的危险因素。结论：早期联合检测血清内源性Apela、IL-6和 NT-proBNP水平可提高预测心室重塑的准确性,有助于AMI后心力衰竭的早期防治。     

坐式八段锦联合运动康复治疗对急性冠脉综合征PCI术后患者运动耐力、血清心肌损伤标志物和生活质量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨坐式八段锦联合运动康复治疗对急性冠脉综合征（ACS）经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术（PCI）后患者运动耐力、血清心肌损伤标志物和生活质量的影响。方法：根据随机数字表法,将我院2020年4月~2021年5月期间收治的ACS行PCI术的患者（n=120）分为对照组（运动康复治疗,n=60）和研究组（坐式八段锦联合运动康复治疗,n=60）。对比两组心功能指标[左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、左心室射血分数（LVEF）、氨基末端B型脑利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）]、心肌损伤标志物[肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）]、运动耐力指标[无氧阈（AT）、最大摄氧量（VO_2max ）、运动持续时间（ED）]和生活质量[西雅图心绞痛量表（SAQ）评分：躯体活动受限程度（PL）、心绞痛稳定情况（AS）、疾病认知程度（DS）、心绞痛发作状况（AF）和治疗满意程度（TS）],并纪录两组不良心血管事件发生情况。结果：研究组的心血管不良事件发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗3个月后LVEF高于对照组,LVEDD、LVEDV、NT-proBNP低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗3个月后CK-MB、cTnI低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗3个月后AT、VO_2max 、ED高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗3个月后PL、AS、DS、AF、TS评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：坐式八段锦联合运动康复治疗可促进ACS患者PCI术后心功能改善,减轻心肌损伤,进而提高运动耐力和生活质量。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40、α-klotho蛋白水平与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗及肾功能的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）肾病患者血清可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1（sVCAM-1）、生长分化因子 - 15（GDF-15）、α-klotho蛋白、几丁质酶3样蛋白1（YKL-40）水平与糖脂代谢、胰岛素抵抗及肾功能的关系。方法：选取2017年2月~2020年5月期间我院收治的T2DM患者80例,将T2DM患者根据有无糖尿病肾病分为T2DM无肾病组（n=43）、T2DM肾病组（n=37）。并选取同期于我院体检的健康志愿者50例作为对照组。检测所有受试者的血脂指标：总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）,肾功能指标：尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Scr）,血糖指标：糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FPG）,胰岛素抵抗指标：稳态模型-胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）,GDF-15、sVCAM-1、α-klotho蛋白、YKL-40水平。分析血清GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40、α-klotho蛋白水平与血糖指标、血脂指标、胰岛素抵抗指标 、肾功能指标的相关性。结果：T2DM肾病组GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40较对照组、T2DM无肾病组高（P<0.05）,T2DM肾病组α-klotho蛋白低于T2DM无肾病组、对照组（P<0.05）。T2DM肾病组、T2DM无肾病组TC、TG、LDL、BUN、HOMA-IR、Scr、FPG、HbA1c水平较对照组高,且T2DM肾病组高于T2DM无肾病组（P<0.05）,T2DM肾病组、T2DM无肾病组HDL水平低于对照组,且T2DM肾病组低于T2DM无肾病组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40与TC、TG、LDL、BUN、Scr、FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均呈正相关,而与HDL呈负相关（P<0.05）,α-klotho蛋白与TC、TG、LDL、BUN、Scr、FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR均呈负相关,而与HDL呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论：GDF-15、sVCAM-1、YKL-40、α-klotho蛋白在T2DM肾病患者血清中异常表达,可能参与该疾病的发生、发展。     

血清sACE2、Lp-PLA2与老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者心功能、心室重构及预后的关系研究

摘要 目的：探讨血清可溶性血管紧张素转化酶2（sACE2）、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）与老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者心功能、心室重构及预后的关系。方法：回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年12月期间本院收治的92例老年STEMI患者的临床资料,根据术后是否发生主要不良心血管事件（MACE）分为预后良好亚组和预后不良亚组,并纳入同期50例非心肌梗死患者作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清sACE2水平,采用化学发光法检测血清Lp-PLA2水平,根据中位值水平为为低水平亚组和高水平亚组,比较亚组间心功能和心室重构指标[左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室收缩期内径（LVIDS）、左室短轴缩短率（LVFS）]差异,并进行Pearson相关性分析。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析老年STEMI患者血清sACE2、Lp-PLA2水平预测MACE发生的效能。结果：（1）STEMI组患者血清sACE2和Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）。（2）高sACE2亚组和高Lp-PLA2水平亚组患者LVEF显著低于低sACE2水平亚组和低Lp-PLA2水平亚组,LVFS、LVEDd和LVEDs显著大于低sACE2水平亚组和低Lp-PLA2水平亚组（P<0.05）。（3）血清sACE2、Lp-PLA2水平与STEMI患者LVEF呈显著负相关关系,与LVFS、LVEDd和LVEDs呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。（4）预后不良亚组患者血清sACE2和Lp-PLA2水平均显著高于预后良好亚组（P<0.05）。（5）血清sACE2和Lp-PLA2水平预测STEMI患者发生不良预后的AUC分别为0.885（95%CI：0.802~0.969）、0.907（95%CI：0..847~0.967）,最佳诊断Cut-off值分别为血清sACE2≥6355.48 pg/mL、血清Lp-PLA2≥292.73 ng/mL。结论：血清sACE2和Lp-PLA2水平与STEMI患者心功能和心室重构有密切关系,高水平表达对MACE发生具有良好的预测价值。     

结直肠癌患者血清GDF-15、G-CSF水平与临床病理特征及预后的关系

摘要 目的：探究结直肠癌血清生长分化因子-15（GDF-15）、粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）水平与患者临床病理参数、预后的关系,并分析其对结直肠癌的诊断价值。方法：采集结直肠癌患者、结直肠腺瘤患者及健康体检志愿者的血清样本,酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）实验检测血清GDF-15、G-CSF;分析结直肠癌患者血清GDF-15、G-CSF水平与患者临床病理参数的关系;Kaplan Meier生存曲线分析血清GDF-15、G-CSF水平与患者预后的关系;受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析血清GDF-15、G-CSF水平对结直肠癌的诊断价值。结果：结直肠癌患者血清GDF-15、G-CSF水平高于结直肠腺瘤患者及健康体检志愿者（均P<0.05）;血清GDF-15水平与肿瘤直径、分化程度、远处转移及TNM分期相关（均P<0.05）;血清G-CSF水平与肿瘤分化程度、远处转移及TNM分期相关（均P<0.05）;Kaplan Meier生存曲线结果显示,血清GDF-15低表达、G-CSF低表达患者的术后5年总生存率及中位生存时间均分别高于血清GDF-15高表达、G-CSF高表达患者（均P<0.05）;ROC分析结果表明,血清GDF-15、G-CSF有较好的诊断结直肠癌的价值,血清GDF-15、G-CSF联合应用的敏感度、特异度分别为0.876、0.863。结论：结直肠癌患者血清GDF-15、G-CSF水平升高,且均与患者病情恶性进展、不良预后相关;血清GDF-15、G-CSF是诊断结直肠癌的潜在指标。     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Relations of the Al,B, Ba,Br, Ca,Cl, Cu,Fe, K,Li, Mg,Mn, Na,P, S,Si, Sr,and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands

The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.