典必殊眼膏加艾灸治疗中老年睑板腺功能障碍的临床观察

目的:观察糖皮质激素典必殊联合中药艾灸在治疗睑板腺功能障碍性的临床疗效。方法:对本院门诊就诊的睑板腺功能障碍的患者72例144只眼,进行眼科一般常规检查后,再做泪液分泌实验和泪膜破裂时间测定等检查,确定为睑板腺功能障碍后分成两组,一组给予典必殊加艾灸治疗;另一组给予常规治疗(热敷、氧氟沙星滴眼液、普拉洛芬滴眼液点眼等),观察记录治疗效果,进行统计学处理。结果,4到5周后,实验组治疗效果明显高于对照组的效果。实验组总有效率94.4%,对照组总有效率86.1%%。结论:睑板腺功能障碍用典必殊眼膏加艾灸治疗疗效显著,长期疗效优于其它疗法,经临床观察且无局部和全身的不良反应。     

牛蛙肥大细胞的组织化学与形态学

目的鉴定牛蛙组织中肥大细胞的存在。方法用于肥大细胞研究的一些常规组织化学技术与形态学方法。结果牛蛙的舌、肠、肠系膜和脾中肥大细胞数量较多,少量也见于神经、心、肾、肝和皮肤等多种组织中。肥大细胞有沿血管周和神经分布的倾向。脾脏中的肥大细胞形状比较一致,呈圆形或卵圆形,而在其它部位的肥大细胞则形态多样。Bouin氏液及Carnoy氏液是牛蛙肥大细胞优良的固定液。然而,与哺乳动物的黏膜肥大细胞相似的是,中性缓冲福尔马林(NBF)固定显著的阻断了牛蛙肠黏膜肥大细胞(MMC)的染色。有趣的是,甲苯胺蓝是牛蛙肥大细胞的最佳染料,它比阿尔新蓝能很好地显示牛蛙的肥大细胞。透射电镜下证实,牛蛙肥大细胞中含有大量特征性的胞浆颗粒。肥大细胞靠近雪旺氏细胞,并可见于神经束膜间,甚至以其突起与神经束膜相连。结论通过组织化学与形态学研究证实了牛蛙组织中肥大细胞的存在,再次证实肥大细胞与外周神经之间存在密切的解剖学关系。     

喉癌间质肥大细胞的形态学特点及分布意义的探讨

应用免疫组织化学和透射电镜技术对 45例喉鳞癌组织 (其中 35例取癌中心为癌组 ,另 10例取癌旁组织为癌旁组 )中的肥大细胞 (MC)进行研究。结果 :1.癌旁组织中有丰富的 MC浸润而癌间质中 MC脱颗粒明显 ;2 .阿尔辛蓝·藏红 (AB· S)染色 ,二组 MC的组化性质显示出了差异 ;3.喉癌细胞增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)的阳性表达与 MC分布之间存在一定的相关性 ;4.癌间质 MC属类胰蛋白酶及糜蛋白酶 (TC)型 ,常与癌细胞有紧密接触 ,并可见 MC颗粒脱向癌细胞。结果提示 :MC与癌细胞关系密切 ,可能有抑制癌细胞增殖的倾向。     

动情周期中大鼠子宫和输卵管壁肥大细胞数量变化的研究

用放射免疫分析法对动情周期中大鼠血清雌二醇浓度进行检测;取子宫、输卵管常规石蜡切片、H－E染色,并用甲苯胺蓝染色显示肥大细胞,于光镜低倍视野下计数。结果显示：动物血清雌二醇浓度依次为：动情期（E）组＞动情前期（PE）组＞动情后期（ME）组＞动情间(DE)且,各组间差异均有显性;在子宫,肥大细胞分布于宫壁肌怪平滑肌束间的结缔组织内、近小血管处,以微血管周居多,常见单个散在,于ME子宫内膜尚偶见肥大细胞;输卵管肥大细胞局限于其外膜层内、近小血管周围,亦多散在。子宫、输卵管壁内的肥大细胞镜下呈圆形、椭圆形或略不规则形,胞浆内充满紫红色粗大颗粒,子宫肥大细胞数量依次为：ME＞DE＞PE＞E,各组间差异有生（DE与PE、PE与E,P＜0.05,余组间P＜0.01）;输卵管壁内肥大细胞数量各组间差异无显性（P＞0.05）。本尚对大鼠血清雌二醇水平波动与子宫、输卵管壁内肥大细胞数量变化的关系及其生理意义进行了讨论。     

应用不同固定及染色方法确定商城肥鲵肥大细胞的分布

为了解商城肥鲵(Pachyhynobius shangchengensis)肥大细胞(mast cell,MC)的分布和形态特点,丰富有尾两栖类MC的生物学资料,用不同固定和染色方法对商城肥鲵消化系统及其他部分器官的肥大细胞进行了观察,并对消化道和舌的MC数量进行统计.结果表明,除输卵管和肾外,在3种固定方法中,改良甲...     

上皮组织增生与肥大细胞变化的形态学研究

Ｃ－１号小鼠４０只,随机分为４组,每组１０只,用食醋抹小鼠右耳皮肤,每日一次,以左耳作对照。在实验后第１０、３０、９０、１４０天各处死一组,取耳廓组织,常规石蜡制片,进行ＨＥ染色及肥大细胞染色,光镜下观察。结果发现：实验组１４０天皮肤上皮组织明显的增生,结缔组织内肥大细胞（ＭＣ）的数量比对照组显著增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在ＡＢ－Ｓ染色时,实验组ＭＣ由藏红阳性为主逐渐转变成以Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝阳性为主,而对照组各时期ＭＣ均呈藏红阳性。实验组与对照组皮肤ＭＣ的临界电解质浓度分别为０．９５Ｍ,０．９７Ｍ。硫酸小蘖碱荧光染色均呈强黄色萤光反应。结果提示：①上皮组织增生可致结缔组织内ＭＣ数量增多,②增多的ＭＣ的组化性质发生了变化,③ＭＣ可参与上皮组织的增殖,ＭＣ与上皮细胞间具有相互促进作用     

奥尼罗非鱼胃肠道中肥大细胞的分布特征

本研究采用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法探讨了奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus ♀×O. aureus♂)胃肠道肥大细胞的分布及其形态特点。结果发现,经甲苯胺蓝染色的肥大细胞其核着深蓝色,颗粒被染成紫红色,着色深浅不一。肥大细胞大小不一,形态各异,呈圆形、椭圆形或梭形、菱形,散在或集中分布在黏膜层固有膜和黏膜下层,尤其常见分布于小血管周围。经统计,肥大细胞在奥尼罗非鱼的胃、幽门盲囊、后肠、前肠、中肠的数量依次减少。胃和幽门盲囊内肥大细胞数量显著高于前肠和中肠(P0.05),与后肠无显著差异;前肠、中肠和后肠内肥大细胞数量并无明显差别。     

SD大鼠无菌性腹膜炎的形态学改变

目的-了解以40%酒精为溶媒经腹腔连续注射SD大鼠后所发生的无菌性腹膜炎的组织病理学改变。方法-SD大鼠脏器分离后固定于11%福尔马林内,常规脱水、透明、石蜡包埋,制片,HE染色,光学显微镜观察。结果-对照组大鼠未发生腹膜炎,溶媒组和给药组大鼠可见较严重的腹膜炎,其主要病理改变发生在肝、脾、胰、胃肠道、子宫、膀胱等脏器的脏层腹膜。肝、脾、胰被膜增厚、机化。胃肠道、子宫浆膜增厚、机化。膀胱外膜增厚、机化。上述损害停药4周也未见恢复。结论-高浓度酒精为主要成分的溶媒经腹腔连续给药可致无菌性腹膜炎。     

新生大鼠窦房结组织、培养细胞的glycogen,LDH和SDH定量形态学研究

本实验采用窦房结细胞纯化培养、ＰＡＳ、Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ和Ｐｒｅｓｔｏｎ反应以及图像分析等方法,研究了新生ＳＤ大鼠窦房结细胞的糖原（ｇｌｙｃｏｇｅｎ）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）,和乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）的分布和含量。结果显示,在窦房结组织中的糖原（／）与心房中（／）、心室中（）含量近似;ＳＤＨ含量和活性（＋／）与心房中（＋／）几乎相等,但明显低于心室中（／）;ＬＤＨ的含量和活性（／）比心房中（／＋）的稍高,但明显高于心室中（＋／－）。图像分析结果是：培养窦房结细胞ＳＤＨ含量和活性显著低于心室肌细胞中的ＳＤＨ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而ＬＤＨ含量和活性显著高于心室肌细胞中的ＬＤＨ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。本文还对ＳＤＨ、ＬＤＨ在窦房结的分布及生理作用进行了讨论。     

宫颈癌及癌前病变组织中肥大细胞与微血管计数的相关性研究

目的探讨宫颈癌及癌前病变组织中肥大细胞(MC)和微血管密度(MVD)的关系和临床意义。方法采用免疫组化方法检测40例宫颈浸润癌(ICC)、40例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)及原位癌、10例正常宫颈组织中的MC的表达和MVD值。结果宫颈浸润癌MC计数(MCD)明显高于正常组织和CINⅠ、Ⅱ级组织,并与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和临床分期密切相关(P<0.05),从正常组织到CIN再到浸润癌,MVD均显著升高,低分化、浸润程度深、临床分期高、有淋巴结转移者,其MVD显著高于中高分化、浸润程度浅、临床分期低、无淋巴结转移者(P<0.05)。MCD与MVD之间存在高度正相关(r=0.532,P<0.01)。结论癌组织中浸润的MC通过释放生物活性物质促进肿瘤血管的形成,MCD和MVD可以作为反映肿瘤恶性程度、转移和预后的有效指标。     

Serum-Induced Keratinization Processes in an Immortalized Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cell Line

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate a human meibomian gland epithelial cell line (HMGEC) as a model for meibomian gland (patho)physiology in vitro.

Methods

HMGEC were cultured in the absence or presence of serum. Sudan III lipid staining, ultrastructural analysis and lipidomic analyses were performed. Impedance sensing, desmoplakin 1/2 mRNA and cytokeratin (CK) 1, 5, 6, 14 levels were evaluated. Serum containing medium supplemented with higher serum, glucose, an omega-3 lipid cocktail, eicosapentaenoic acid or sebomed medium were investigated for lipid accumulation and ultrastructural morphology.

Results

Lipid droplet accumulation in HMGEC was induced by serum containing media after 1 day, but decreased over time. Cultivation in serum induced desmosome and cytokeratin filament formation. Desmoplakin 1/2 gene levels were significantly upregulated after 1d of serum treatment. Furthermore, the normalized impedance increased significantly. Lipidome analysis revealed high levels of phospholipids (over 50%), but very low levels of wax ester and cholesteryl esters (under 1%). Stimulation with eicosapentaenoic acid increased lipid accumulation after one day.

Conclusion

Serum treatment of HMGEC caused lipid droplet formation to some extent but also induced keratinization. The cells did not produce typical meibum lipids under these growth conditions. HMGEC are well suited to study (hyper)keratinization processes of meibomian gland epithelial cells in vitro.     

用免疫荧光标记对人组织中肥大细胞亚型的分选与形态观察

方法:利用中性蛋白酶成分、特征性酶抗体的免疫荧光染色和流式细胞仪确定分选肥大细胞亚型,以激光扫描共聚焦显微镜显示肥大细胞内分泌颗粒。结果:三种免疫表型被确定:肥大细胞的类胰蛋白酶阳性(MCT)、类糜蛋白酶阴性;类糜蛋白酶阳性(MCC)、类胰蛋白酶阴性和类胰蛋白酶阳性、类糜蛋白酶阳性(MCTC)。肥大细胞内分泌颗粒分散或聚集存在,分泌颗粒突起分泌或以分散的方式释放。分泌颗粒大范围释放后,肥大细胞的形态结构发生了改变。结论:利用肥大细胞的特征性酶抗体、免疫荧光标记和流式细胞仪可将人组织中的肥大细胞分选纯化为三种亚型;以共聚焦显微镜显示肥大细胞含有丰富的分泌颗粒,它说明肥大细胞具备了为人体I型变态反应提供快速反应的物质基础。     

组织中肥大细胞内F—actin对其不同亚型细胞分泌作用的影响

目的:研究细胞内丝状肌动蛋白的变化对不同亚型肥大细胞分泌作用的影响.方法: 利用肥大细胞的特征性蛋白酶抗体和鬼比环肽的免疫荧光标记;以流式细胞仪检测分选人皮肤组织中肥大细胞的亚型;使用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜显示肥大细胞内分泌颗粒和微丝的分布.结果:类胰蛋白酶免疫反应性的肥大细胞内含有丰富的丝状肌动蛋白环,在质膜内层区域形成阻碍类胰蛋白酶释放的屏障;大量的类胰蛋白酶暂存于分泌泡中,少量的类胰蛋白酶因细胞内丝状肌动蛋白环的解聚使之从分泌泡中释放.而类胰蛋白酶和类糜蛋白酶免疫反应性的肥大细胞及类糜蛋白酶免疫反应性的肥大细胞内少见或未见明显的阻碍蛋白酶释放的丝状肌动蛋白环;细胞形态膨胀,细胞内蛋白酶已释放.结论:人皮肤组织中肥大细胞内类胰蛋白酶和/或类糜蛋白酶的含量及其肥大细胞亚型与丝状肌动蛋白环相关联.     

Tissue Distribution of Anidulafungin in Neonatal Rats

Anidulafungin, an echinocandin, is currently approved for treatment of fungal infections in adults. There is a high unmet medical need for treatment of fungal infections in neonatal patients, who may be at higher risk of infections involving bone, brain, and heart tissues. This in vivo preclinical study investigated anidulafungin distribution in plasma, bone, brain, and heart tissues in neonatal rats. Postnatal day (PND) 4 and PND 8 Fischer (F344/DuCrl) rats were dosed subcutaneously once with anidulafungin (10 mg/kg) or once daily for 5 days (PND 4–8). Plasma and tissue samples were collected and anidulafungin levels were measured by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The mean plasma C_max and AUC_0‐24 values were consistent with single‐dose plasma pharmacokinetics (dose normalized) reported previously for adult rats. Observed bone concentrations were similar to plasma concentrations regardless of dosing duration, with bone‐to‐plasma concentration ratios of approximately 1.0. Heart concentrations were higher than plasma, with heart to plasma concentration ratios of 1.3‐ to 1.8‐fold. Brain concentrations were low after single dose, with brain‐to‐plasma concentration ratio of approximately 0.23, but increased to approximately 0.71 after 5 days of dosing. Tissue concentrations were nearly identical after single‐dose administration in both PND 4 and PND 8 animals, indicating that anidulafungin does not appear to differentially distribute in this period in neonatal rats. In conclusion, anidulafungin distributes to bone, brain, and heart tissues of neonatal rats; such results are supportive of further investigation of efficacy against infections involving bone, brain, and heart tissues.     

A Neoplastic Connective Tissue Mast Cell Capable of Continuous Growth In Tissue Culture

A neoplastic connective tissue mast cell from a dog mast cell sarcoma has been grown in tissue culture for 50 passages over a period of 2 years. The cells were grown as monolayer cultures in glass bottles, using Eagle's basal medium fortified with calf serum. The cultures were contaminated with an Alkaligenes sp. for 10 months but finally were sterilized bacteriologically by treatment with specific antiserum combined with antibiotics. The cells grow in a fibroblastic pattern, and contain mitochondria, mast cell granules, and lipid granules or droplets. The mast cell granules stain basophilic with Giemsa's stain and metachromatically with azure A or toluidine blue. They also stain with Sudan black B and with periodic acid-Schiff stain. The interphase nuclei are vesicular, contain from 1 to 20 nucleoli, and frequently show bizarre outlines. Multinucleate cells are often seen, as are mitotic figures. Extracellular fibrous material occurs in all cultures and apparently originates from the cell surface. This material does not have the structure of connective tissue fibers and has not been identified. The cells develop an increased number of metachromatic granules when grown in medium containing heparin and an increased number of sudanophilic granules when grown in medium containing stearic acid. Only small amounts of histamine were present in the tumor from which this cell line was derived and in the cells grown in tissue culture.     

Expression and Cell Distribution of Neuroglobin in the Brain Tissue After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats: A Pilot Study

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a member of the globin superfamily expressed mainly in the nervous system and retina of vertebrates. Accumulated evidence has clearly demonstrated that Ngb has a neuro-protective role enhancing cell viability under hypoxia and other types of oxidative stress. It was suggested that oxidant stress could play an important role in neuronal injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study aims to examine the expression of Ngb in the temporal cortex and its cellular localization after SAH. We used a prechiasmatic cistern model of SAH. Ngb expression was examined at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after SAH by western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were performed to detect the localization of Ngb. Real-time PCR demonstrated that Ngb mRNA levels increased from 3 h after SAH, peaked at 6 h. Western blot showed Ngb protein levels were significantly increased in SAH groups in the temporal cortex and reached the peak at 24 h after SAH. The immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that Ngb was weakly expressed in the cortex in the control group while the enhanced expression of Ngb could be detected in the SAH groups. In addition, immunofluorescence results revealed that the over-expressed Ngb was located in the neuronal and microglia cell cytoplasm. These findings indicated that Ngb might play an important neuro-protective effect after SAH.     

白芍总苷在正常大鼠体内的组织分布研究

探讨白芍总苷在正常大鼠体内的组织分布特点,为预测其药理作用及不良反应提供依据.正常大鼠按2.82 g/kg灌胃给予TGP药液后1、3、6h取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、胃、小肠、大肠等组织,各组织匀浆后,将匀浆液制成冻干粉,HPLC法测定冻干粉中芍药苷和芍药内酯苷浓度,计算各组织中两者浓度.结果显示1h各组织中均能测到芍药苷和芍药内酯苷,3h除胃和小肠外,其他各组织中两者浓度均达到最大值,小肠、胃、大肠及肾、脾、肝中浓度较高,6h小肠、大肠、胃中浓度较高,其他各组织中浓度较低.说明灌胃TGP后组织分布迅速且广泛,胃、小肠、大肠及肾、脾、肝是主要分布器官,容易在胃肠蓄积,其他组织中蓄积较少,为进一步研究白芍总苷的药理作用及作用机理提供了指导,同时为白芍归经理论提供了一定的现代科学依据.     

乳腺脂肪组织调节乳腺发育的研究进展

乳腺是哺乳动物哺育子代的重要器官,其通过分泌乳汁给子代提供充足的营养物质,乳腺的健康发育对泌乳以及提高子代的存活率具有重要意义.脂肪组织是乳腺重要的组成部分,在乳腺发育和循环重构过程中,乳腺脂肪组织随之呈现规律性的形态和功能变化,乳腺脂肪组织的动态变化是乳腺循环性发育重构的重要特征.脂肪组织能够分泌特殊的"脂肪因子"调节上皮细胞的功能和乳腺的发育,并且存在与上皮细胞相互转换的潜能.本综述综合近年来乳腺脂肪组织的相关研究进展,为后续研究脂肪组织调节乳腺发育的机制提供基础数据.     

Tissue Distribution of Hesperetin in Rats after a Dietary Intake

Hesperetin, the aglycone of hesperidin present in citrus fruits, possesses various biological activities. We assessed the tissue distribution of hesperetin in rats fed with a 0.2% hesperetin diet for 4 weeks. Its highest concentration was found in the liver, and the second highest was in the aorta. The aorta is assumed to be one of the main target tissues of hesperetin for exerting its functions.