幽门螺杆菌动物模型的应用进展

在幽门螺杆菌(Hp)研究中,动物模型可以复制Hp相关疾病,研究Hp致病机制、药物治疗效果以及评价Hp疫苗治疗和保护作用.本文综述了各种Hp动物模型的应用价值.     

48例消化性溃疡患者幽门螺杆菌的耐药性调查

对幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacterpylori ,Hp)临床分离株进行药物敏感性试验及耐药性分析 ,为探求幽门螺杆菌感染的根除疗法提供依据。运用微需氧培养方法 ,从胃镜活检标本中分离幽门螺杆菌 ,利用琼脂稀释法测定幽门螺杆菌对抗生素的敏感性试验 ,将 2 1株Hp临床分离株进行 7种抗菌药物的敏感性及耐药性调查。从 4 8例消化性溃疡患者胃镜活检标本中分离出 2 1株幽门螺杆菌。 2 1株幽门螺杆菌对阿莫西林MIC范围 0 .5～ 8mg/L ,无耐药菌株 ;克拉霉素、替硝唑的MIC范围分别为 0 .12 5～ 0 .5mg/L和 4～ 8mg/L ,耐药率均为 4 .76 % ;四环素、利福平的MIC范围分别为 0 .5～ 1mg/L和 1～ 6 4mg/L ,耐药率分别为 4 .76 % ,9.5 2 % ;甲硝唑的MIC为 16～ 12 8mg/L ,红霉素的MIC为 0 .5～ 12 8mg/L ,耐药率较高 ,分别为 2 3.89%和5 7.15 %。此次分离的Hp对阿莫西林、克拉霉素、替硝唑有较高的敏感性 ;而对甲硝唑及红霉素耐药率高 ,应避免应用 ;阿莫西林、克拉霉素可作为本地区治疗Hp感染的主要药物 ;四环素、利福平可用于一线治疗失败后二线治疗 ;替硝唑可替代甲硝唑用于Hp的根除治疗。     

幽门螺杆菌感染的治疗进展

幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori,H.pylori,HP)感染是一个世界性问题。人类感染Hp可导致慢性胃炎、胃和十二指肠溃疡、消化性胃黏膜相关的淋巴样组织淋巴瘤和胃腺癌。根除幽门螺杆菌对胃肠疾病的转归和预防有着重要作用。但是由于抗茵药物的滥用,使得对幽门螺杆茵的治疗变得棘手。本文就Hp的致病机制、耐药性问题及治疗方法等的研究进展作一综述。     

Th1细胞因子(IFN-γ)在幽门螺杆菌致病中的作用

目的：评价Thl细胞因子IFN-γ在幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染时对胃上皮细胞的作用。方法：胃上皮细胞经IFN-γ处理后,流式细胞术测定表面MHC-Ⅱ类分子的表达和Hp的黏附,ELISA法测定细胞因子对Hp致胃上皮细胞凋亡的影响。结果：IFN-γ可诱导胃上皮细胞表达MHCR类分子,进而增加Hp的黏附。IFN-γ本身即可诱导胃上皮细胞凋亡,并可促进Hp诱导的胃上皮凋亡。结论：Thl细胞因子IFN-γ参与并加剧了Hp感染所致的胃黏膜炎症。     

幽门螺杆菌致人胃病的小鼠模型研究

目的建立幽门螺杆菌致人胃病的小鼠模型.方法用Ⅰ型幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)对三种SPF级小鼠(BALB/c、NIH、 KM)采用循环滴喂攻击等方法处理,从菌体定值、抗体水平、病理变化三个方面分14、39、69、105 d进行测试.结果 Hp可持续定植于各供试小鼠胃粘膜上,并刺激Hp抗体(IgG)维持一较高水平,Hp在小鼠上主要引起以胃粘膜变性坏死为主,伴有淋巴细胞浸润的炎症反应,这为Hp致人胃病的症状相似.结论为Hp的致病机理,治疗药物和疫苗研究提供了良好的小动物模型.     

幽门螺杆菌相关保护性抗原

幽门螺杆菌(Hp)是人类上消化道疾病的重要致病菌,为慢性胃炎、胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡的主要病因。1994年国际癌症研究所将Hp认定为第一类致癌因子。幽门螺杆菌疫苗的研究近年来取得了很大的进展,本文对幽门螺杆菌主要保护性抗原的研究及其特征作了概述,并对未来抗原和疫苗的研究方向进行展望。     

聚合酶链反应检测人动脉粥样硬化斑中肺炎衣原体和幽门螺杆菌的DNA

肺炎衣原体和幽门螺杆菌能分别引起呼吸系统和胃肠道的持续感染,研究显示这些菌持续感染动脉可能引起动脉粥样硬化的发生.本文通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测动脉粥样硬化斑中肺炎衣原体和幽门螺杆菌(Hp)DNA,研究动脉粥样硬化与肺炎衣原体和Hp感染之间的关系.     

幽门螺杆菌与胃癌

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)是一种革兰阴性微需氧菌,世界上约50%的人群有Hp感染.感染通常发生在儿童时期,如不进行治疗,可终身定植于人的胃黏膜上皮,引起多种胃肠道疾病.     

幽门螺杆菌黏附素BabA的致病性

幽门螺杆菌在人群中感染非常普遍。全世界约有三分之二人口感染了幽门螺杆菌。长期慢性幽门螺杆菌感染能诱发炎症,如慢性胃炎和溃疡,甚至恶性肿瘤(如黏膜胃癌和相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤)。吸附在胃黏膜上是幽门螺旋杆菌定植宿主和诱发炎症的第一步,在此过程中,细菌很多外膜蛋白发挥了关键作用。本文将重点论述幽门螺杆菌外膜蛋白中的血型结合黏附素(blood-group-antigen-binding adhesin, BabA),并从宿主受体分子、黏附区域晶体结构和酸适应性等方面阐述其在幽门螺杆菌致病过程中的作用。     

幽门螺杆菌在牙菌斑及胃粘膜分布研究

目的:探讨幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,Hp)在牙菌斑及胃粘膜分布状况。方法:采用聚合酶链式反应(polym erase chain reaction,PCR)技术对80 例慢性胃溃疡患者的牙菌斑及胃粘膜组织进行Hp 检测。结果:48 例胃粘膜Hp 阳性的患者中12 例牙菌斑Hp 阳性;胃粘膜Hp 阴性的患者无一例牙菌斑Hp 阳性;胃Hp 阳性检出率大于牙菌斑。结论:幽门螺杆菌不仅存在于胃粘膜组织中,也存在于口腔牙周组织中。提示牙菌斑可能是Hp 的重要寄居地。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism