ACE基因多态性与高血压肾脏损害及PAI-1的关系

为探讨血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因多态性与高血压肾损害和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1（PAI-1）的关系,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测96例正常人、67例高血压无肾脏损害患者和70例高血压伴肾损害患者的ACE基因型,采用ELISA法检测血浆PAI-1。ACE基因I/D多态性与高血压病无明显相关,但高血压肾损害患者DD基因型频率及D等位基因频率显著高于对照组和高血压无肾脏损害组,χ2值分别为6.8589、5.6162 和5.9085、5372。血浆PAI-1在DD型、ID型、II型高血压患者之间亦有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。ACE基因DD型可能是高血压肾损害的危险因素;ACE基因多态性与血浆PAI-1水平相关。 Abstract:The work is to explore the relationship between the polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene and hypertensive kidney lesion/PAI-1 in hypertension patients.ACE genotyping with polymorase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in 96 unrelated healthy controls,67 hypertensives without kidney lesion and 70 hypertensives complicated with kidney lesion.The plasma PAI-1 were determined with ELISA.No significant differences could be detected between ACE gene I/D polymorphism and hypertension.However,the frequencies of DD genotype and deletion allele among the hypertensives complicated with kidney lesion were higher than those among the healthy controls and those among the hypertensives without kidney lesion."χ2" values were 6.8589,5.6162 and 5.9085,5.372 respectively.The plasma PAI-1 level showed significant differences among DD genotype,ID genotype and II genotype(P＜0.05).The DD genotype of ACE gene may be a risk for hypertensive kidney lesion.The plasma PAI-1 level is associated with ACE gene polymorphism.     

ACE基因I/D多态与冠心病的遗传流行病学研究——表型不一致同胞对分析和传递不平衡检验

用表型不一致同胞对分析(DSP)和传递不平衡检验(TDT),在冠心病家系中探讨血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因内含子16中的插入/缺失(I/D)多态是否为冠心病的遗传易患因素。方法：1998年10月～1999年2月期间收集先证者一级亲属中至少有1例冠心病患者的家系45个,其中完整核心家系、父母一方、双方基因型缺失家系分别为21、2与22个,调查对象212人。PCR-RFLP方法鉴定ACE基因I/D多态性基因座基因型。条件Logistic回归进行DSP分析,TDT-STDT 1.1程序进行TDT、STDT检验。结果表明,45个冠心病家系共组成106对DSP,单变量条件Logistic回归及调整传统危险因素后的多变量条件logistic回归均未发现II、ID和DD基因型在表型不一致同胞对中的分布存在差别。对13个满足要求的核心家系进行TDT检验,杂合子父母传递给患病子代的D等位基因频率未显著偏离50％(P>0.05);24个满足要求的同胞组进行STDT检验亦未发现受累子代与非受累子代D等位基因分布有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:在冠心病家系中未发现ACE基因I/D多态与冠心病存在关联或与疾病基因座存在连锁,说明该基因座可能不是国人冠心病的遗传易患基因。 Abstract:To investigate whether the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the human angiotensin I converting enzyme gene increased the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in CHD pedigrees,discordant sib pair analysis (DSP) and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) were used.Forty-five CHD pedigrees with at least one CHD patient in the first degree relatives of probands were recruited during Oct.1998 to Feb.1999,of which parental genotype known,one or both parental genotype missing was 21,2 and 22 respectively.ACE genotype was measured by PCR technique.Conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the DSP,and TDT-STDT program 1.1 was used for TDT and STDT.Univariable conditional Logistic regression did not find significant difference of the distribution of three different ACE genotypes in the 106 discordant sib pairs obtained from the 45 pedigrees.After adjusting effects of traditional risk factors of CHD,no significant difference of the distribution was found by multiple Logistic regression model.Neither the TDT for 13 nuclear families or STDT(sib transmission/disequilibrium test) for 24 sibships showed significant difference between the transmitted and untransmitted ACE gene D allele distributions.Our results show that the insertion/deletion polymorphism of ACE gene is not associated or linked with CHD in Chinese population.     

感觉神经损伤性盐敏感性高血压大鼠心、肾ACE和ACE2的表达

目的研究肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS）基因血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）和血管紧张素转换酶2（ACE2）在感觉神经损伤性盐敏感性高血压大鼠心肌和肾脏中的表达情况,探讨ACE、ACE2在盐敏感性高血压发生发展中的作用。方法用乳鼠皮下注射辣椒辣素法建立模型。哺乳期后,大鼠被随机分成4组：对照＋正常盐饮食组（CON-NS）、对照＋高盐饮食组（CON-HS）、辣椒辣素＋正常盐饮食组（CAP-NS）、辣椒辣素＋高盐饮食组（CAP-HS）。四组大鼠分别接受4周不同的处理。至7周龄（分组饲养后第4周）处死大鼠,免疫组化检测大鼠心肌和肾脏ACE和ACE2蛋白的表达,反转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测大鼠心肌和肾脏ACE和ACE2mRNA的表达。结果①至7周龄（分组饲养后第4周）各组动物体重差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。②各组动物在分组时（0周）鼠尾收缩压差异无显著性（P=0.583）,至7周龄（分组饲养后第4周）,CAP-HS组鼠尾收缩压明显高于其它三组（P〈0.01）。③心肌和肾脏ACE蛋白表达均升高。心肌组织,CAP-HS组与CON-NS比较,P〈0.01,与CON-HS和CAP-NS比较,P〈0.05;肾脏组织,CAP-HS组与其它三组比较,P〈0.01。④心肌和肾脏ACE2蛋白表达均降低。心肌和肾脏组织,CAP-HS组与CON-NS和CAP-NS比较,P〈0.01,与CON-HS比较,P〈0.05。⑤心肌和肾脏ACE mRNA表达均升高。心肌组织,CAP-HS组与CON-NS比较,P〈0.01,与CON-HS和CAP-NS比较,P〈0.05;肾脏组织,CAP-HS组与其它三组比较,P〈0.01。⑥心肌和肾脏ACE2 mRNA表达均降低。心肌和肾脏组织,CAP-HS组与CON-NS和CAP-NS比较,P〈0.01,与CON-HS比较,P〈0.05。结论感觉神经损伤性盐敏感性高血压大鼠心、肾ACE表达升高的同时有ACE2表达的降低,ACE和ACE2表达水平的差异可能与盐敏感性高血压的形成有关。     

中国湖南人群GSTM1和GSTT1基因多态性与肺癌易感性关系的研究

应用病例-对照分析研究(对照组205例,肺癌病例组104例),抽提静脉血基因组DNA,采用PCR及多重PCR方法,检测谷胱甘肽转移酶GSTM1和GSTT1单独及联合缺失基因型的遗传多态性在中国湖南人群中肺癌患者和正常人群体中的分布,探讨这些多态性基因型与肺癌易感性的关系.结果显示GSTM1-/-基因型在湖南地区居民肺癌群体和正常对照人群中的频率分别为62.5%和46.3%(P<0.05);肺癌患者组GSTT1-/-基因型的频率(66.3%)显著高于正常对照组(42.4%)(P<0.05).GSTM1-/-和GSTT1-/-联合基因型在肺癌组和正常对照组中的频率分别为41.3%和22.4%(P<0.05).SPSS11.5软件统计学分析表明,这些基因型在肺癌患者组和正常对照组人群中的发生频率具有显著性差异.由此可知GSTM1基因缺失和GSTT1基因缺失分别与肺癌的易感性相关;GSTM1和GSTT1基因联合缺失与肺癌的发生和发展呈现显著正相关.     

内蒙古地区达斡尔族血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性分布

目的:研究内蒙古地区达斡尔族血管紧张素转换酶基因(ACE)多态性分布。方法:采用聚合酶链反应检测198例北方汉族和198例达斡尔族中血管紧张素转换酶基因插入/缺失(I/D)多态性分布。结果:ACE基因多态性,达斡尔族人群ID、DD基因频率高于北方汉族,II基因频率低于北方汉族,二组间比较均存在明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:北方汉族与达斡尔族间ACE基因多态性和等位基因频率分布存在差异。     

汉族人群中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂所致咳嗽与血管紧张素转换酶基因及缓激肽β2受体基因多态性的关系

目的:探讨汉族人群中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)所致咳嗽与血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)基因及缓激肽β2受体(BDK-RB2)基因多态性的关系。方法:应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法,检测汉族人群中151例由于服用ACEI引起的咳嗽患者及151例未发生咳嗽的患者的ACE I/D及BDKRB2 C/T的多态性,并采用紫外法检测ACE活性。结果:发现ACE基因分布在咳嗽组中II型为47.0%,ID型为42.4%,DD型为10.6%;无咳嗽组分别为39.7%、47.0%、13.3%,两组相比其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);BDKRB2基因分布在咳嗽组中CC型为21.3%,CT型为50.0%,TT型为28.7%,无咳嗽组分别为22.5%、47.7%、29.8%,两组相比其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);咳嗽组ACE活性水平为([28.3±10.1)U/L]明显低于无咳嗽组([40.2±9.4)U/L],两组相比其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:汉族人群中ACEI所致咳嗽与ACE基因多态性及血清ACE水平有关,BDKRB2 C/T与咳嗽间未发现有统计学意义的关联。     

自发性高血压大鼠心脏中ACE,AT1R,ACE2和MasR表达变化的研究

目的：通过观察血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）和血管紧张素转化酶2（ACE2）在Wistar-京都种大鼠（WKY）和自发性高血压（SHR）大鼠心脏组织中表达的差异,探讨ACE与ACE2在自发性高血压大鼠高血压形成中的作用。方法：自由饲喂14周龄WKY和SHR雄性大鼠一周后,用BSN-II多通道无创测压系统测定大鼠收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）并称重;放免法测定血浆中血管血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngII）含量;Real-time PCR测定心脏组织中ACE,ATI受体（ATIR）,ACE2和Mas受体（MasR）mRNA的表达水平;Western blot法检测心脏组织中ACE2的蛋白表达。结果：SHR大鼠SBP和DBP均显著高于WKY大鼠（P〈0.01）;两组大鼠心率和体重无显著差异（P〉0.05）;SHR大鼠血浆中AngII含量显著升高（P〈0.05）;与WKY大鼠相比,SHR大鼠心脏中ACE mRNA表达均显著升高（P〈0.05）,ACE2的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著下降（P〈0.05）;心脏组织中AT1R和MasR的mRNA表达没有显著性变化（P〉0.05）。结论：ACE与ACE2表达失调是SHR大鼠高血压形成的主要原因之一,其机理可能与局部组织RAS系统ACE-AngII-AT1R通路过度活跃,ACE2-Ang（1-7）-MasR通路相对不足有关。     

汉族人群中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂所致咳嗽与血管紧张素转换酶基因及缓激肽β2受体基因多态性的关系冰

目的：探讨汉族人群中血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）所致咳嗽与血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因及缓激肽β2受体（BDK-RB2）基因多态性的关系。方法：应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法。检测汉族人群中151例由于服用ACEI引起的咳嗽患者及151例未发生咳嗽的患者的ACEI／D及BDKRB2C／T的多态性,并采用紫外法检测ACE活性。结果：发现ACE基因分布在咳嗽组中II型为47．0％,ID型为42．4％,DD型为10．6％;无咳嗽组分别为39．7％、47．0％、13.3％,两组相比其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;BDKRB2基因分布在咳嗽组中CC型为21．3％,CT型为50．0％,TT型为28．7％,无咳嗽组分别为22．5％、47．7％、29．8％。两组相比其差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;咳嗽组ACE活性水平为[（28．3±10．1）U／L]明显低于无咳嗽组[（40．2±9．4）U／L],两组相比其差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：汉族人群中ACEI所致咳嗽与ACE基因多态性及血清ACE水平有关,BDKRB2C／T与咳嗽间未发现有统计学意义的关联。     

宿主基因多态性与结核病易感性的相关研究新进展

结核病的高发已经给全球人类带来巨大的困扰。对结核病的预防和治疗越来越成为医疗工作者关注的问题,其中不同人群对结核杆菌的易感性引起了众多学者的关注。宿主基因的多态性可能影响宿主对结核杆菌的识别、吞噬及杀伤,进而影响结核病感染的发生和发展。认为此为结核病与宿主之间存在的重要内在联系。     

飞行(学)员ACE基因的多态性

血管紧张素转化酶 (ACE)第 16内含子的插入 缺失多态性与运动员耐力水平有关 .为了解这一多态性与飞行员飞行耐力的关系 ,对不同阶段飞行人员ACE第 16内含子基因型进行了分析和比较 .结果显示 ,ACEDD基因型百分率在招飞体检应征人员为 12 5 %、基础飞行学院学员 (未飞 )为 11 5 %、飞行学院初教机飞行学员为 10 0 %、歼击机飞行员为 3 0 % .歼击机飞行员组D等位基因频率及DD基因型明显低于其他 3组 (P <0 0 1) ,而后 3组之间无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 ) .进而观察到 ,飞行员体能测试成绩优者 ,无DD基因型 .提示 ,飞行员体能表现与ACE第 16内含子的插入 缺失多态性有关 ,具有I等位基因者 ,体能较好 ,飞行耐力也较好 .     

Association between I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene and sarcoidosis in Turkish patients

Sarcoidosis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis and unknown etiology characterized by noncaseating granulomas that invade the lungs, eyes, liver and other organs. Insertion (I)/deletion (D) polymorphism in the gene encoding the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been studied to examine the genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis in different populations, but the results have been inconsistent and inconclusive. This study aimed to determine the frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene in Turkish patients as a distinct ethnic group and to investigate whether such polymorphism is associated with predisposition to sarcoidosis. Genomic DNA samples obtained from 154 individuals (70 patients with sarcoidosis and 84 healthy controls) were used in the study. The DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reactions using allele-specific primers. The amplified products were analyzed by 2 % agarose gel electrophoresis followed by UV transillumination. The allele frequencies and genotype distribution of the groups were analyzed using the Chi square test. There were no significant differences between the controls and sarcoidosis cases with respect to genotype distribution (χ² = 4.202, p = 0.122) and allele frequencies (χ² = 1.358, p = 0.244). Our results suggest that I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene does not cause a genetic predisposition to sarcoidosis in Turkish patients.     

Association between ACE I/D polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis in Chinese population

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health problem worldwide. The objective of the current study is to investigate the possible association of ACE I/D polymorphism with pulmonary TB (PTB) for Chinese in Sichuan province. Three hundred eighty-six PTB patients and 398 healthy controls were genotyped to analyze the I/D polymorphism using PCR method. The results showed that the I/D polymorphism was not associated with susceptibility to PTB for Chinese (D vs. I: OR 1.03, 95 % CI 0.84–1.26, and P = 0.77; DD vs. II+DI: OR 1.09, 95 % CI 0.73–1.63, and P = 0.68; DD+DI vs. II: OR 1.00, 95 % CI 0.74–1.33, and P = 0.98). The I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene may not a risk factor for PTB in Chinese.     

The ACE gene D/I polymorphism as a modulator of severity of cystic fibrosis

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease with complex expression because of the action of genetic and environmental factors. We investigated whether the ACE gene D/I polymorphism is associated with severity of CF. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed, from 2009 to 2011, at University of Campinas - UNICAMP. We analyzed 180 patients for the most frequent mutations in the CFTR gene, presence of the ACE gene D/I polymorphism and clinical characteristics of CF. RESULTS: There was an association of the D/D genotype with early initiation of clinical manifestations (OR: 1.519, CI: 1.074 to 2.146), bacterium Burkholderia cepacia colonization (OR: 3.309, CI: 1.476 to 6.256) and Bhalla score (BS) (p = 0.015). The association was observed in subgroups of patients which were defined by their CFTR mutation genotype (all patients; subgroup I: no mutation detected; subgroup II: one CFTR allele identified to mutation class I, II or III; subgroup III: both CFTR alleles identified to mutation class I, II and/or III). CONCLUSION: An association between the D allele in the ACE gene and the severity of CF was found in our study.     

Association of the ACE I/D gene polymorphism with DNA damage in hypertensive men

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE I/D (rs 4340) polymorphism and DNA damage in patients with essential hypertension (EH). The I/D polymorphism of ACE was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 170 male hypertensive patients and 64 normotensive blood donors. We used flow cytometry to determine the levels of cell death, micronuclei and accumulation of peripheral blood leukocytes in G1/G0, S, G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, the whole blood samples were incubated in vitro at 4°C for 24 h to investigate the genotype effects on the susceptibility of cells to DNA damage. We found lower frequency of cells in DNA synthesis S phase and higher levels of micronuclei in the hypertensive compared to normotensive group (p < 0.05); increased formation of micronuclei was seen due to elevated micronuclei frequencies in patients with the ACE II genotype (p < 0.05), but not in ID or DD genotype carriers. Incubation of whole blood samples of normotensive individuals lead to the most active cell death (p < 0.05) and micronuclei formation (p > 0.05) in the II genotype carriers too. However, hypertensive patients displayed different cellular response to incubation-induced DNA damages in the ACE I/D genotype groups; after incubation, the frequencies of micronuclei were significantly higher in the DD genotype carriers (p < 0.05). To conclude, the study suggests that the ACE I/D polymorphism may contribute to mechanisms and intensity of DNA damages in hypertensive and normotensive individuals.     

Association of ACE I/D polymorphism with cardiovascular risk factors

Since the identification of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, the D allele has been recognized to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Moreover, significant associations of this polymorphism with multiple cardiovascular risk factors have been reported, although some studies failed to detect such associations. In the present study, we investigated the association of the ACE gene polymorphism with the parameters of multiple risk factors in 300 Japanese men who participated in a medical check-up. This investigation detected a significant association of the polymorphism with systolic blood pressure (P=0.007) and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.026), with their highest values in DD subjects and lowest values in II subjects. This significant association is consistent with the proposition that the polymorphism influences blood-pressure variability in men. Furthermore, we investigated the association of the polymorphism with four major disorders (obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus) correlated with the risk for cardiovascular disease in the same 300 subjects. This investigation failed to detect any significant association of the polymorphism with each disorder. However, there was a trend that all four disorders were more frequent in ID and DD subjects than in II subjects. We therefore analyzed the association between the ACE gene polymorphism and having at least one of the four disorders in the same population. This analysis detected a significant difference: that ID and DD subjects had at least one of the four disorders more frequently than II subjects (P=0.008; odds ratio=1.89, 95% confidence interval= 1.19-2.99). Taken together, the results of this study are compatible with the proposition that the ACE polymorphism is associated with cardiovascular disease partially mediated through the four disorders in our population.     

ACE I/D polymorphism in Indian patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy

Aim The study was carried to determine the association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with the risk of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). Methods and results A total of 174 patients diagnosed with cardiomyopathy (118 with HCM, 51 with DCM, and 5 with RCM) and 164 ethnically, age- and gender-matched controls were included in the study. ACE I/D genotyping was performed by PCR. In total, 25.86% of the patients were in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III and IV at presentation. A total of 67.24% patients had dyspnea, 56.89% had angina pectoris, and 25.28% of the patients had at least one event of syncope. Frequency of occurrence of the disease was more in male patients compared to female patients (P < 0.05). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and smoking habit, the prevalence of ACE DD genotype, and ACE ‘D’ allele was significantly higher in patients as compared to controls and was associated with increased risk (DD: OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.27–3.52, P < 0.05; ‘D’: OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.08–3.35, P < 0.05). The mean septal thickness was higher for DD and ID genotypes (20.40 ± 3.73 mm and 21.82 ± 5.35 mm, respectively) when compared with II genotype (18.63 ± 6.69 mm) in HCM patients, however, the differences were not significant statistically (P > 0.05). The DCM patients with ID genotype showed significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at enrolment (26.50 ± 8.04%) (P = 0.04). Conclusion Our results suggest that D allele of ACE I/D polymorphism significantly influences the HCM and DCM phenotypes.     

The importance of association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Gene I/D polymorphism and diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Background

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) due to decreasing quality of life. In the present study, it is aimed to evaluate angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) Gene I/D polymorphism in Turkish population.

Materials and methods

Two hundred and thirty-five DPN patients and two hundred and eighty-one controls were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses for the ACE gene I/D polymorphism.

Results

Baseline characteristics of the DPN patients according to ACE genotypes were similar, except for history of hypertension. The frequency of II genotype was significantly higher in patients with positive history of hypertension than the patients with negative history of hypertension (p = 0.013). DD genotype of I/D polymorphism was found to be a susceptibility factor for DPN in homozygous form (p = 0.032). According to allele frequencies, D allele of I/D polymorphism was found to be a susceptibility factor for DPN (p = 0.031).

Conclusion

ACE gene I/D polymorphism may research in DM patients to determine genetic predisposition for DPN. It can be useful for taking early measures and avoiding DPN in a Turkish population.