c-myb对人绒毛膜促性腺激素诱导的大鼠睾丸间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响

采用离体细胞体外孵育法,观察反义c-myb寡脱氧核苷酸(oligodeoxynucletides,ODN)对人绒毛膜促性隙激素(humanchorionic-gonadotropin hormone,hCG)诱导的人鼠间质细胞睾酮分泌的影响,并进一步探讨了外源性二丁酰cAMP(dbcAMP)、Ca^2 以及蛋白质抑制剂放线菌酮(cycloheximide,CYX)对间质细胞中c-Myb蛋白表达和睾酮分泌的作用。结果表明,反义c-myb ODN呈剂量依赖性地抑制hCG诱导的离体间质细胞的睾酮分泌,同时使间质细胞中c-Myb蛋白免疫组化染色下降：而无义tat ODN没有相应的作用。100μmol／L的dbc AMP可进一步促使hCG秀导的间质细胞分泌睾酮,并且使间质细胞中c-Myb蛋白免疫组化染色IOD值升高,与hCG组相比,具有统计学意义。钙离子通道阻断剂维拉帕米(10μmol／L)和蛋白质抑制剂放线菌酮(50μg／ml)可使hCG诱导的大鼠间质细胞的睾酮分泌下降,并使间质细胞的c-Myb蛋白免疫组化染色降低。该结果说明c-myb参与hCG诱导的大鼠间质细胞睾酮分泌作用。     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基(β-hCG)cDNA在昆虫细胞中的表达及其产物对离体小鼠淋巴细胞的影响(简报)

人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionicgonadotroPin,简称hCG)是由胎盘滋养层细胞合成的一种糖蛋白激素,在早期妊娠中具有重要作用。hCG由α、β两个亚基组成,α     

人胎盘中抑素和绒毛膜促性腺激素之间有(?)反馈环

已证明,足月家兔和人胎盘中存在抑素(inhibin)样生物活性和免疫活性。美国 Petraglia 等研究了胎盘抑素的定位、局部作用及其调节。结果表明,抑素样免疫活性存在于人足月胎盘细胞滋养层细胞和人滋养层原代培养中。人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)促进上述离体培养胎盘细胞分泌抑素。此效应可被8-溴-cAMP以及腺苷酸环化酶活化剂 forskolin 和霍乱毒素模拟,提示 hCG 诱发胎盘抑素分泌的机理依赖于 cAMP。当滋养层细胞与抗人抑素α-亚基抗血清共同培养时,其中 hCG 和促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)样免疫活性     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素抗独特型抗体在小鼠中的免疫反应

我室制备了人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)的抗独特型抗体,它们与hCG有相似的抗体和受体结合位点,因而认为它们可能具有hCG内镜像结构。如果这些抗独特型抗体也具有与hCG类似的免疫原性,可望利用它们来配合或代替hCG制备更好的免疫避孕疫苗。我们用一种hCG抗独特型抗体(Anti-BAH_1)免疫小鼠可得到抗hCG抗体,这些抗体占所产生的Anti-Anti-BAH_1抗体的1—2％,最高滴度可达1:2万左右。这个滴度可保持2个月左右,以后逐步下降,在停止免疫半年后抗体滴度降到最高滴度的15.6％。用Anti-BAH_1与hCG同时免疫,对hCG的免疫反应有一定抑制作用,但先用Anti-BAH_1免疫对随后的hCG免疫反应有一定增强作用。表明利用抗独特型抗体可能调控对hCG的免疫反应。这种调控作用与所采用的免疫方式及抗原剂量有关。     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基和绵羊垂体促性腺激素共有α亚基组成的单链多肽的生物合成

采用重叠PCR方法,将人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基(hCGβ)cDNA3'端与绵羊垂体促性腺激素共有α亚基(oLHα)cDNA 5'端串联起来,构建了hCGβ-oLHα嵌合cDNA。将嵌合cDNA克隆入核型多角体病毒(AcNPV)表达载体pVL1393得到表达型质粒pVL1393-hCGβ-oLHα,并与BaculoGold~(TM)线性化AcNPV基因组DNA共转染昆虫细胞Sf9,筛选得到重组病毒AcNPV-hCGβ-oLHα。以扩增后的重组病毒感染昆虫细胞进行表达,并进一步经偶联抗hCGβ单抗亲和层析柱纯化得到hCGβ-oLHα单链多肽。SDS-PAGE银染和免疫印迹分析结果表明表达产物在非还原条件下表观分子量约40.5kD,还原条件下约为38.0kD,这说明表达产物具有链内二硫链及次级构象。竞争抑制~(125)I-hCGβ与抗体结合的检测结果表明其与hCGβ抗体结合活性较天然hCG弱,但较天然hCGβ略有增加。由此可见单链多肽作为抗hCG夏合抗原避孕疫苗的靶抗原,具有潜在的应用前景。     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素对绒癌细胞系TIMP表达的影响

目的：研究人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)对滋养层细胞或绒癌细胞侵袭性的影响。方法：采用RT—PCR方法,观察不同浓度hCG对JEG—3绒癌细胞系表达金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子TIMP—1和TIMP—2的影响。结果：用不同浓度hCG处理48h后,JEG—3细胞中TIMP—1 mRNA的表达略降低,而TIMP—2 mRNA的表达则被诱导增加。结论：人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)可能通过改变绒癌细胞中TIMP的表达,影响绒癌细胞的侵袭性。     

大鼠卵巢促黄体激素/人绒毛膜促性腺激素受体cDNA的克隆和在昆虫细胞中的高效表达

促黄体激素/人绒毛膜促性腺激素受体(LH/hCG receptor)是一种与G-蛋白偶联的糖蛋白。本文报道了从大鼠卵巢cDNA库中筛选LH/hCG受体cDNA及其在昆虫细胞中的高效表达。LH/hCG受体cDNA全长2403bp,编码受体信号肽和成熟受体674个氨基酸。用多角体病毒表达载体pVL1393,LH/hCG受体cDNA在昆虫细胞中得到高效表达。在非还原和还原条件下的SDS-PAGE分析显示,用亲和层析分离纯化的受体表观分子量分别为120Kd和92Kd。经配基结合和Scatchard Plot分析表明,其与hCG反应的Kd为8.4×10~(-9)mol/L,与CHO细胞表达产物相似。     

人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基DNA疫苗的构建及其抗肿瘤作用的初步研究

人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚基(hCGβ)除了在正常的妊娠滋养层细胞中分泌外,在许多肿瘤细胞也大量分泌,是防治hCGβ依赖型癌症的有效目标分子之一.通过RT-PCR方法克隆全长的hCGβ基因,成功构建了PCR3.1-hCGβ DNA疫苗,其能够在HeLa细胞中高效表达hCGβ蛋白,表达的hCGβ蛋白主要存在于细胞内.将20 μg PCR3.1-hCGβ质粒DNA通过普鲁卡因盐酸盐(bupivacaine-HCl)药物诱导后接种小鼠肌肉,小鼠能够吸收质粒DNA,并表达编码的hCGβ蛋白抗原,表达的hCGβ被小鼠的免疫系统识别,同时激发hCGβ抗原特异性的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应,抗体滴度最高可超过1∶8000,并且这两种类型的免疫应答均能够在体外作用于HeLa细胞, 诱导其发生细胞凋亡,表明PCR3.1-hCGβ DNA疫苗激发的免疫反应在体外具有抗肿瘤作用.     

应用RAD多肽展示体系制备抗hCG类抗体分子

应用基于激烈火球菌Pyrococcus furiosus重组酶RadA的ATP酶结构域(RAD骨架)的多肽展示体系,通过嫁接人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)结合多肽,制备抗hCG类抗体分子。通过合成hCG结合多肽插入RAD多肽展示位点的类抗体基因,成功构建了pET30a-RAD/hCGBP-sfGFP原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌中诱导蛋白表达,分离、纯化获得类抗体蛋白,通过亲和吸附-GFP荧光检测方法测定类抗体对hCG的结合活性,并与应用单域抗体通用骨架制备的嫁接抗体比较活性差异。结果显示,RAD类抗体分子对hCG分子具有较高的亲和性和特异性,显著优于单域嫁接抗体,并与商业单克隆抗体的活性相当;同时,利用RAD多肽展示骨架制备的抗hCG类抗体,具有较高的生化稳定性,是一种具有应用潜力的抗体替代分子。     

β-内啡肽对妊娠早期人胎盘绒毛hCG与孕酮分泌功能的影响

实验采用庄临之等建立的人胎盘绒毛组织无血清培养方法。将妊娠7—9周人工流产的人胎盘绒毛剪成1mm左右植入培养瓶中,每瓶加入2mlMcCoy's 5a培养液培养三天,更换培养液时分别加入不同剂量(10~(-11)—10~(-7)mol/L)的β-内啡肽,继续培养24小时后收集培液,用放射免疫法测定hCG与孕酮的含量。 结果表明β-内啡肽对妊娠早期人胎盘绒毛分泌hCG     

表皮生长因子，生长抑素对人早孕胎盘hCG分泌及基因表达的影响

观察了表皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ）,生长抑素（ＳＳ）对体外培养的人早孕绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）分泌及ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ含量的影响。发现ＥＧＦ可明显刺激绒毛分泌ｈＣＧ,显著增加ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ含量,生长抑素虽然对绒毛ｈＣＧ分泌及ｈＣＧ　β－ｍＲＮＡ含量无明显影响,但可抑制ＥＧＦ,ＧｎＲＨ刺激的ｈＣＧ分泌及ｈＣＧβ－ｍＲＮＡ水平。提示ＥＧＦ,ＳＳ在妊娠早期参与了ｈＣＧ分泌的调节。     

Effect of human chorionic gonadotropin derivatives on leydig cell function.

BACKGROUND: Several human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) derivatives have been detected in healthy human subjects, indicating that they may play a role in cell function. These hCG derivatives include deglycosylated hCG, proteolytic digestion products of hCG and free alpha and beta subunits of the hormone. It is well documented that testicular Leydig cells are responsive to luteinising hormone (LH) or its analogue hCG. These hormones have high affinity for LH/hCG receptors on the plasma membrane. METHODS: We designed functional and binding studies to compare the effects of native hCG and several hCG derivatives on a rat Leydig cell system. The molecular weight of the hCG derivatives was determined by SDS-PAGE and the binding affinity to LH/hCG receptors was measured by a radioligand assay. In addition, their ability to produce testosterone, cyclic AMP and arachidonic acid release was also studied. RESULTS: These hCG derivatives, with the exception of the free beta subunit, were able to bind to LH/hCG plasma membrane receptors with different affinities than that of native hCG. In addition, hCG derivatives did not increase intracellular cAMP levels or arachidonic acid release. However, they did increase testosterone production. CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results of this study lead us to suggest that these hCG derivatives may regulate the action of the native hormone in Leydig cells and are, thus, molecules of physiological relevance.     

Human chorionic gonadotropin increases chromatin solubility in isolated bovine and human luteal nuclei

We have previously demonstrated that bovine and human luteal nuclei contain human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone (hCG/LH) receptors and that these gonadotropins can directly stimulate nuclear membrane enzyme activity (nucleoside triphosphatase) involved in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect or hCG on chromatin solubility, reflecting perhaps synthesis and transport of RNA, in isolated bovine and human luteal nuclei. hCG increased chromatin solubility in a concentration-dependent manner. This hCG effect is either blocked or substantially reduced by the addition of hCG antiserum; denatured hCG had no effect and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate could not mimic the hCG response. hCG had no effect on chromatin solubility in bovine liver or kidney nuclei and hormones other than hCG, human LH, or the beta subunit of hCG had no effect on chromatin solubility in bovine luteal nuclei, demonstrating the tissue and hormone specificity of the response. These findings further strengthen the concept of direct gonadotropin regulation of nuclear functions of luteal cells.     

LH and hCG Action on the Same Receptor Results in Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different Intracellular Signalling

Human luteinizing hormone (hLH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) act on the same receptor (LHCGR) but it is not known whether they elicit the same cellular and molecular response. This study compares for the first time the activation of cell-signalling pathways and gene expression in response to hLH and hCG. Using recombinant hLH and recombinant hCG we evaluated the kinetics of cAMP production in COS-7 and hGL5 cells permanently expressing LHCGR (COS-7/LHCGR, hGL5/LHCGR), as well as cAMP, ERK1/2, AKT activation and progesterone production in primary human granulosa cells (hGLC). The expression of selected target genes was measured in the presence or absence of ERK- or AKT-pathways inhibitors. In COS-7/LHCGR cells, hCG is 5-fold more potent than hLH (cAMP ED₅₀: 107.1±14.3 pM and 530.0±51.2 pM, respectively). hLH maximal effect was significantly faster (10 minutes by hLH; 1 hour by hCG). In hGLC continuous exposure to equipotent doses of gonadotropins up to 36 hours revealed that intracellular cAMP production is oscillating and significantly higher by hCG versus hLH. Conversely, phospho-ERK1/2 and -AKT activation was more potent and sustained by hLH versus hCG. ERK1/2 and AKT inhibition removed the inhibitory effect on NRG1 (neuregulin) expression by hLH but not by hCG; ERK1/2 inhibition significantly increased hLH- but not hCG-stimulated CYP19A1 (aromatase) expression. We conclude that: i) hCG is more potent on cAMP production, while hLH is more potent on ERK and AKT activation; ii) hGLC respond to equipotent, constant hLH or hCG stimulation with a fluctuating cAMP production and progressive progesterone secretion; and iii) the expression of hLH and hCG target genes partly involves the activation of different pathways depending on the ligand. Therefore, the LHCGR is able to differentiate the activity of hLH and hCG.     

酪氨酸、hCG对蟾蜍卵母细胞膜电位的影响

作者用微电极记录了蟾蜍卵母细胞的膜电位。当用含hCG的溶液培灌时,蟾蜍卵母细胞膜电位呈去极化变化;当用含酪氨酸溶液培灌时膜电位呈超极化变化,并能抑制hCG的去极化作用。超微结构的变化与膜电位变化相一致。因此我们认为,酪氨酸可能在蟾蜍卵母细胞有对抗hCG的作用。     

The Alternative Epac/cAMP Pathway and the MAPK Pathway Mediate hCG Induction of Leptin in Placental Cells

Pleiotropic effects of leptin have been identified in reproduction and pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it works as an autocrine hormone. In this work, we demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) added to JEG-3 cell line or to placental explants induces endogenous leptin expression. We also found that hCG increased cAMP intracellular levels in BeWo cells in a dose-dependent manner, stimulated cAMP response element (CRE) activity and the cotransfection with an expression plasmid of a dominant negative mutant of CREB caused a significant inhibition of hCG stimulation of leptin promoter activity. These results demonstrate that hCG indeed activates cAMP/PKA pathway, and that this pathway is involved in leptin expression. Nevertheless, we found leptin induction by hCG is dependent on cAMP levels. Treatment with (Bu)₂cAMP in combination with low and non stimulatory hCG concentrations led to an increase in leptin expression, whereas stimulatory concentrations showed the opposite effect. We found that specific PKA inhibition by H89 caused a significant increase of hCG leptin induction, suggesting that probably high cAMP levels might inhibit hCG effect. It was found that hCG enhancement of leptin mRNA expression involved the MAPK pathway. In this work, we demonstrated that hCG leptin induction through the MAPK signaling pathway is inhibited by PKA. We observed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased when hCG treatment was combined with H89. In view of these results, the involvement of the alternative cAMP/Epac signaling pathway was studied. We observed that a cAMP analogue that specifically activates Epac (CPT-OMe) stimulated leptin expression by hCG. In addition, the overexpression of Epac and Rap1 proteins increased leptin promoter activity and enhanced hCG. In conclusion, we provide evidence suggesting that hCG induction of leptin gene expression in placenta is mediated not only by activation of the MAPK signaling pathway but also by the alternative cAMP/Epac signaling pathway.     

Thyroidal responses to human chorionic gonadotropin in the chick and rat

The thyrotropic activity of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has been examined in the chick and the rat. Uptake of 32PO4 by chick thyroid increased significantly with injection of bovine thyrotropin (bTSH) with a maximum response at 2.4 mU per chick. On the other hand, no significant stimulation of 32PO4 uptake was detected with injection of graded doses of highly purified hCG up to 0.25 mg per chick. 1 mg of partially purified hCG, equivalent in biological potency to the maximum dose of highly purified hCG used in the chick, did induce a significant increase in 32PO4 uptake. In rats, highly purified hCG stimulated a very significant release (p less than 0.001) of 125I from the thyroid and partially purified hCG had a thyrotropic activity equivalent to 0.42 microU bTSH/U hCG, identical to the value we reported in mice, 0.42 microU bTSH/U hCG. The duration of hCG action on thyroidal release of 125I in the rat was longer than that for bTSH, as it is in the mouse. hCG also induced a significant rise in the serum level of triiodothyronine in rats. We conclude that pure hCG is a weak thyrotropic substance in the rat but not in the chick. These results and other evidence suggest an inhibitory role for the densely glycosylated 30 amino acid residue C-terminal extension on the beta-subunit of hCG which limits, by steric hindrance, the interaction of the TSH-like hCG 'core' with thyrotropin receptors.     

Tumor- and pregnancy-derived isoforms of human chorionic gonadotropin: biological and diagnostic relevance

OBJECTIVES: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and hCG variants are of high clinical importance for the diagnosis of pregnancy, monitoring of abnormal and ectopic pregnancies, testing for Down's syndrome or monitoring therapy of hCG-secreting malignancies. In serum and urine, hCG appears in microheterogeneous isoforms with respect to protein backbone structure and the extent of glycosylation. The present study reports on the identification, immunological characterization, biological activity of glycosylation isoforms of pregnancy (preg) and tumor-derived (tu) hCG, and the impact of glycosylation on diagnostic immunoassays. METHODS: Twenty-two urinary preg- and tu-hCG isoforms were separated by preparative isoelectrofocusing (hCG-pI variants) and characterized by Western blot. Number, topography and accessibility pattern of epitopes on their surface was evaluated by two-site radioimmunoassays using 14 different monoclonal antibodies (mabs). Binding of hCG isoforms to four different LH/CG receptors was investigated in radioreceptor assays, and their biological activity determined by measuring cAMP elevation. RESULTS: All 22 hCG glycosylation variants appeared immunologically intact: each isoform, even when highly acidic, expressed all 14 surface epitopes which were arranged in a topographical manner indistinguishable from crude hCG. hCG isoforms were able to bind to four different receptor variants, with slightly varying affinities, but orientations indistinguishable from each other as shown by identical epitope accessibility patterns. Each of the hCG-pI variants was able to activate the LH/CG-Rs, but with varying reactivities. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in contrast to deglycosylated hCG, all hCG glycosylation isoforms investigated act as receptor agonists. Moreover, there is no overspecificity of mabs to certain hCG isoforms due to carbohydrate variability that exclude others from diagnostic measurement.