浙江两类饮用水源地浮游动物种类组成及其类群相关性分析

于2009年7月至2010年4月,在浙江省选取了10个水库和10个河网饮用水源地,进行4个季节的浮游动物采样调查。记录浮游动物101种(轮虫60,枝角类24和桡足类17种)。水库和河网轮虫的优势种分别为角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)和针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthratrigla),枝角类分别为颈沟基合溞(Bosminopsis deitersi)和长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris),桡足类均为温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops)。水库中有一些能指示良好生态或水质的指示性种类。水库枝角类与桡足类群落之间周年在丰度和生物量上均有极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),轮虫与桡足类类群之间的相关性最弱;河网枝角类与桡足类在夏、秋、冬季有显著的正相关性(P<0.05)。浮游动物类群之间的相关性程度,以水库的秋季与河网的夏季为最高。轮虫与浮游甲壳动物的种类丰富度随着饮用水源水体透明度的变化呈现相反的变化趋势。     

滤食杂食性鱼类放养对浮游动物群落结构的影响

滤食杂食性鱼类是我国南方水体中常见鱼类,本文调查了放养滤食杂食性鱼类后浮游动物的丰度和种类组成的变化,以探讨其对浮游动物群落的影响.结果显示,滤食杂食性鱼类放养之后,枝角类模糊秀体溞(Diaphanosoma dubium)、微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)和桡足类蒙古温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops mongolicus)、南方近镖水蚤(Tropodiaptomus australis)等丰度迅速下降,而轮虫丰度在鱼类放养一周后迅速增加,且保持较高的密度;轮虫优势种也发生了变化,调查前两周主要以臂尾轮虫(Brachionus)为主,两周后以暗小异尾轮虫(Trichocereidae pusilla)、广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)和裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsisfissa)等个体更小的种类为主.本研究说明,滤食杂食性鱼类能够显著影响浮游动物群落结构,个体较大的种类受到的影响较大,最后导致浮游动物群落的小型化.     

疏浚后杭州西湖浮游动物群落的变化

2003年1-12月调查了疏浚后杭州两湖(小型、浅水、富营养化湖泊)四个采样站(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)浮游动物群落的变化。研究包括优势种组成、密度和生物量,以及浮游动物生物量与水体叶绿素a、有机物耗氧量、总氮和总磷含量之间的相关分析。疏浚后,Ⅲ-Ⅳ站原生动物第一优势种由似铃壳虫(Tintinnopsis sp.)变为筒壳虫(Tintinnidium sp.);Ⅲ-Ⅳ站轮虫第一优势种由暗小异尾轮虫(Trichocerca pusilla)变为针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla);Ⅰ站的长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)和Ⅲ站的微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)分别取代了长肢秀体溞(Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum)第一优势种的地位;桡足类中,剑水蚤优势种为粗壮温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops dybowskii),哲水蚤优势种为汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)。疏浚后,西湖浮游动物平均密度增加了80.5%,其中原生动物密度增量贡献57.3%。平均生物量增加了49.7%,其中轮虫生物量增量贡献36.5%。西湖浮游动物生物量与水体叶绿素a、有机物耗氧量和总磷含量之间均呈垃著的正相关关系。不同采样站中,以Ⅳ站环境生态因子与浮游动物生物量之间的相关程度最高,其次为Ⅲ站、Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站,水体环境生态因子对浮游动物的影响程度与其优势利演变的体现相一致。在不同浮游动物类群中,枝角类生物量与水质生态因子之间的相关程度最高,其次为轮虫、桡足类和原生动物。     

上海市中心城区河道浮游动物群落结构的周年变化

于2007年11月—2008年10月,对上海市中心城区的午潮港、横港、朝阳河、曹杨环浜等4条河道中浮游动物的群落结构及其相关水环境指标进行了调查。共鉴定浮游动物63种,其中轮虫44种(69%),枝角类13种(21%),桡足类6种(10%),优势种主要为转轮虫(Rotaria rotatoria)、长足轮虫(R.neptunia)、萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、长肢多肢轮虫(Pol-yarthra dolichoptera)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)、发头裸腹溞(Moina irrasa)和广布中剑水蚤(Microcyclops leuckarti)。4条河道浮游动物的平均密度变动范围为726～2571ind.L-1;平均生物量为12.04～44.27mg·L-1。相关分析结果显示,浮游动物种群密度、生物量与溶解氧呈显著正相关(P<0.05),水体中的磷酸盐、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮对浮游动物的群落结构有一定的影响。对河道中浮游动物群落结构的周年变化进行分...     

晋南和银川地区盐水和超盐水体的浮游动物

1981—1984年在晋南和银川地区7个采样区,盐度0.5—286‰间采集222个水样,共见到浮游动物57种,其中轮虫32种,鳃足类14种,桡足类11种。根据出现率和平均密度,下列23种是区系的主要种或较主要种:褶皱臂尾轮虫、角突臂尾轮虫、壶状臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫、方尖削叶轮虫、月形腔轮虫、针簇多肢轮虫、爱德里亚狭甲轮虫、环顶巨腕轮虫、蒙古裸腹溞、直额裸腹溞、大型溞、一种象鼻溞、矩形尖额溞、盐水卤虫、亚洲后镖水溞、直刺北镖水溞、近邻剑水溞、短角异剑水溞、广布中剑水溞、等刺温剑水蚤和扁平小剑水溞。除了盐水卤虫外,无论盐水种和淡水种在这里出现的最高盐度均较其他作者记载的为高。文中讨论了盐水动物区系的相似性、内陆水各种浮游动物的耐盐性和盐度与群落多样性指数的关系等问题。     

南亚热带湖泊-星湖后生浮游动物群落特征研究

星湖位于广东省境内,是一个南亚热带浅水自然湖泊,由5个子湖组成,是典型的富营养化湖泊。为了解这一典型南亚热带富营养湖泊的后生浮游动物群落特征,于2002年对该湖的轮虫和浮游甲壳动物进行了研究。星湖的后生浮游动物基本上为广温种类,兼具一些嗜暖种。轮虫在种类数、数量和生物量上均占优势,其优势种为臂尾轮虫。在4个子湖中,波海湖的臂尾轮虫数量最高,与该子湖营养水平较高相对应。桡足类为第二优势类群,在数量上以无节幼体和桡足幼体为主,并且在7、8月份数量较高,优势种为温中剑水蚤和台湾温剑水蚤;枝角类优势种则是长额象鼻溞和颈沟基合溞。两类浮游甲壳动物成体的数量均比较低。与20世纪90年代相比,星湖后生浮游动物的数量和生物量均下降,两类甲壳动物均向小型种类演替。和我国北亚热带的富营养化湖泊相比,星湖后生浮游动物的数量和生物量都明显偏低,这可能反映了南亚热带浅水湖泊的特征。     

乌鳢养殖对浮游动物群落结构的影响

通过对乌鳢(Channa argus)养殖池塘和对照水体即排水区和南阳湖的比较研究,探讨了乌鳢养殖对浮游动物群落结构的影响。研究表明,乌鳢养殖池塘的浮游动物物种数24种,密度1 032 ind/L,均明显低于周边水体(排水区64种,密度1 995 ind/L;近湖区65种,密度2 569 ind/L),而其生物量达4.65 mg/L,高于周边水体(排水区3.10 mg/L,近湖区2.85 mg/L),这主要是由于养殖池塘浮游动物生物量以枝角类、桡足类和无节幼体等大型浮游动物(95.70%)为主体,原生动物和轮虫所占比例(4.30%)相对较小,而周边水体则以原生动物和轮虫为主体;养殖池塘优势种为大型溞(Daphnia magna)和萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus),亦不同于周边水体的优势种;综合分析浮游动物优势种和多样性指数的评价结果,池塘水体呈中度污染,排水区水体呈轻度-中度污染,近南阳湖水域达到了轻度污染水平,这表明乌鳢养殖对周边水体造成了一定程度污染。     

芡实分区刈割试验对陈瑶湖后生浮游动物群落结构的影响

陈瑶湖流域是长江中下游重要的水禽省级自然保护区,近年来随着农业的发展,湖区存在芡实种植过密,汛期影响行洪的隐患,对湖区的水生态系统结构与功能的稳定性造成严重影响。为研究芡实分区刈割试验对陈瑶湖后生浮游动物群落结构的影响,于2019年8月期间对陈瑶湖后生浮游动物进行调查。共鉴定出后生浮游动物15科22属40种,其中轮虫12属26种,枝角类8属11种,桡足类2属3种,群落结构主要以轮虫为主,后生浮游动物种类分布时空上无显著差异(P>0.05)。共发现优势种8属10种,分别为萼花臂尾轮虫(Brachionus calyciflorus)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、剪形臂尾轮虫(Brachionus forficula)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、囊形单趾轮虫(Monostyla bulla)、蹄形腔轮虫(Lecane ungulata)、针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)、迈氏三肢轮虫(Filinia maior)、长额象鼻溞(Bosmina longirostris)和广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops...     

横岗水库后生浮游动物群落特征

横岗水库位于广东省东莞市,是一个富营养化水体,于2005年5月和11月对该水库后生浮游动物进行采样。该水库浮游动物具有种类少、丰度低的特点,在组成上以轮虫为主。两次采样共检到25种,其中枝角类4种,成体桡足类4种,轮虫17种。5月份,共检到15种,11月份有所增加,为20种。轮虫是主要的优势类群,5月份和11月份轮虫的平均相对丰度分别为82.8%和78.8%,以裂足臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和前节晶囊轮虫为主要优势种。其次是桡足类,5月份和11月份平均相对丰度分别为16.6%和19.9%,以无节幼体和桡足幼体为主,成体以舌状叶镖水蚤为优势种。枝角类相对丰度最低,5月份和11月份平均相对丰度分别仅0.6%和1.3%,以微型裸腹溞为优势种类·浮蝣动物的组成、丰度和生物量均存在时间和空间上的异质性。5月份浮游动物平均丰度为242.6ind.·L^-1,平均生物量为0.912mg·L^-1,11月份浮游动物平均丰度为138.5ind.·L^-1,平均生物量为0.317mg·L^-1。从河流区到大坝区,浮游动物的丰度和生物量呈下降趋势,体现了水库中由水文和水动力学调节的浮游生物分布空间异质性。横岗水库中大个体的前节晶囊轮虫丰度较高,致使浮游动物生物量要高于浮游动物丰度相当的热带富营养化湖泊-星湖,但无论是生物量还是丰度要远低于温带富营养化湖泊。     

沙颍河流域浮游动物群落结构空间变化特征与水质评价

为了解沙颍河流域浮游动物的群落结构及水质状况, 于2016年秋季对该流域设置了20个采样点, 进行浮游动物群落结构调查, 并利用生物多样性指数对水质进行评价。结果显示: 沙颍河流域共检测出浮游动物36属78种, 其中轮虫20属60种、枝角类10属12种、桡足类6属6种; 浮游动物优势种主要为长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsis fissa)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)、萼花臂尾轮虫(B. calyciflorus)、曲腿龟甲轮虫(KeratelIa valga)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.); 浮游动物密度和生物量最大值出现在沙颍河流域上游, 且从上游至下游, 生物量和密度的空间变化趋势相一致, 大致呈现逐渐降低的趋势; 检测位点Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数的范围为1.03—3.51, Pielou均匀度指数的变化范围为0.26—0.70。综合分析各采样点的种群和多样性指数反映出沙颍河流域上游水体污染较为严重, 中下游水体为中度污染。水质总体呈现出中度-重度污染。     

武汉东湖夏冬两季浮游动物物种多样性及群落结构研究

2018年7月、8月、12月及2019年1月, 对武汉东湖沿岸带的浮游动物群落分夏冬两季进行了调查研究。共鉴定出浮游动物35属50种, 其中轮虫22属37种、枝角类10属10种、桡足类3属3种。夏季优势物种为跨立小剑水蚤(Microcyclops varicans)、裂足臂尾轮虫(Brachionus diversicornis)和微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura); 冬季优势物种为长肢多肢轮虫(Polyarthra dolichoptera)、疣毛轮虫(Synchaeta spp.)、角突臂尾轮虫(Brachionus angularis)和犀轮虫(Rhinoglena sp.)。将观察到的浮游动物进行了图像信息采集, 并确定了部分物种SSU rRNA序列, 为淡水浮游动物的研究提供了参考资料。参考武汉东湖浮游动物研究的历史文献数据, 东湖数十年来浮游动物物种数逐渐下降, 轮虫优势物种由寡污型转为β-中污型甚至α-中污型。夏冬两季东湖浮游动物群落结构具有明显差异, 夏季轮虫平均密度(56.2 ind./L)和生物量(0.22 mg/L)低于冬季(476.3 ind./L、0.44 mg/L), 而甲壳类密度(137.8 ind./L)和生物量(2.88 mg/L)高于冬季(53.1 ind./L、1.12 mg/L)。夏季浮游动物群落Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数均高于冬季, 夏冬两季Pielou均匀度指数差异不大, 水质评价表明东湖夏季(中污染)优于冬季(重污染)。夏冬两季温度、溶解氧、pH、盐度和ORP五种环境因子均存在极显著差异, RDA分析表明, 其中温度对浮游动物群落结构的影响最大。     

Abundance,Species Composition and Spatial Distribution of Planktonic Rotifers and Crustaceans in Lake Ziway (Rift Valley,Ethiopia)

Species composition, abundance, and spatial distribution of rotifer and crustacean zooplankton were studied in Lake Ziway from late April to early July 2004. A total of 49 rotifer species was recorded, with Anuraeopsis fissa, Brachionus angularis, Filinia novaezealandiae, and Trichocerca ruttneri being numerically dominant. Variation in abundance was extremely high, ranging from 2 to 1000+ individuals per litre. There was no significant difference in the distribution of rotifer species between inshore and offshore regions. Crustacean species richness was low, with only five cladoceran and three copepod species occurring in the open water. Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma excisum dominated the cladoceran community, whereas Thermocyclops decipiens was the dominant copepod. Although numerically dominant (75%), rotifers accounted for less than 30% of mean total zooplankton biomass. Peak abundance of crustaceans was observed in May and June, following the onset of the rainy season and increased phytoplankton production. Variation in the spatial distribution of crustacean species was neither observed horizontally between inshore and offshore areas nor vertically in the highly turbid and wind exposed deeper part of the lake. On the other hand, Moina micrura varied significantly in size between inshore and offshore areas. Adult M. micrura dominated offshore, whereas juveniles were more abundant inshore, suggesting a predominantly littoral selective predation on large and adult crustaceans by fish. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Zooplankton Composition,Diversity and Physicochemical Features of Bandam Kommu Pond,Medak District,Telangana, India

The present investigation aims to study the zooplankton composition, diversity along with physicochemical profile in a chosen pond at Medak district from December, 2010 to November, 2012. The study revealed the occurrence of 80 zooplankton species including 60 rotifers, 18 cladocerans and 02 copepods. Zooplankton density fluctuated between 119 and 26,463/L, diversity H′ = 0.89–2.68, species richness 5–21 and dominance 18.6–74.1 % over the 2 years study period. Rotifers were more predominant than other zooplankton communities, especially family Brachionidae and Lecanidae. High density of the overall zooplankton community was due to more rotifer population and the numerical dominance of the species Brachionus angularis, B. calyciflorus, B. caudatus, Keratella tropica, Filinia terminalis and Epiphanies mucronata. It was observed that the zooplankton density significantly correlates with pH values of the pond. Physicochemical profile of the pond shows tropical climate, hard water and alkaline in nature. Chloride content was found to be high may be due to the anthropogenic pressure and influx of sewage. The high content of phosphate and nitrate reveals that the pond is enriched with nutrients. This has significant correlation with zooplankton dominance. The present findings clearly indicates the eutrophication of the pond.     

Seasonal changes in zooplankton abundance in the lower Rhine during 1987–1991

Zooplankton in the River Rhine was surveyed for five years at the Dutch sampling stations, Lobith (German/Dutch border) and Maassluis (at the point of discharge of the river into the North Sea). The zooplankton abundance showed an apparent seasonal pattern at both stations, characterized by low densities during the winter period, and higher densities during the summer period, with a spring peak. Zooplankton was dominated by rotifers at both stations, although during the winter periods the contribution of copepods was considerable. The rotifers were dominated byBrachionus angularis, B. calyciflorus, Keratella cochlearis andK. quadrata; the copepods by cyclopoid nauplii; the cladocerans by small-sized species mainly belonging toBosmina. At Maassluis the relative contribution of copepods was higher than at Lobith. Furthermore, the zooplankton at Maassluis included the speciesEurytemora affinis, characteristic for estuarine conditions. In spring, the rotifer density and water temperature and rotifer density and chlorophylla concentration were positively correlated. Furthermore, both rotifer density and chlorophylla were inversely correlated with discharge. The possible role of environmental factors (water temperature, chlorophyll content, discharge and biotic factors) controlling the river zooplankton dynamics is indicated.     

The diversity and longitudinal changes of zooplankton in the lower course of a large, regulated European river (the lower Vistula River, Poland)

The diversity and longitudinal variation of zooplankton in the lower Vistula River were analyzed. Samples were taken from 40 stations located along a 272-km long section of the lower river course. During the study the unique technique of taking samples from “the same water” was used. The zooplankton community was dominated by rotifers and nauplii — larval stages of copepods. The most abundant species were: Brachionus angularis, Brachionus calyciflorus and Brachionus budapestiensis. The zooplankton species diversity in the main channel of the lower Vistula River was similar to other large European rivers; however, its abundance was lower. The diversity, abundance and biomass of potamoplankton steadily decreased downstream. This could be related both to scarcity of storage zones for potamoplankton development in the river due to the extensive regulation processes, and changes in hydrological conditions of the main channel (by the straightening of riverbed) where the samples were collected.     

Temporal and vertical distribution of planktonic rotifers in a meromictic crater lake,Lake Nyahirya (Western Uganda)

Quantitative zooplankton sampling was carried out biweekly during 16 months in Lake Nyahirya, a Western Uganda crater lake. Six out of 24 rotifer species recorded from the lake were quantitatively important (Horaella brehmi, Brachionus angularis, B. caudatus, Keratella tropica, Filinia longiseta and F. opoliensis, and three others were common (Brachionus falcatus, Asplanchna sieboldi and Conochiloides natans). Rotifer peaks were correlated with rainy periods and relatively clear water, which coincide with the European spring and autumn. All species were able to deal with hypoxic conditions. A clear niche separation can be observed between different genera and between species of the same genus. The population dynamics of the rotifers seem to be ruled by repeated irregular environmental fluctuations. Rainfall appears to be a primary steering factor.     

广东典型小型供水水——-契爷石水库浮游生物与富营养化特征分析

于2000年丰、枯水期对契爷石水库的理化因子,浮游生物种类组成,细胞密度等进行了调查研究,并利用有关评价指数对该水库水体的营养水平进行了评价。结果表明,契爷石水库目前已进入富营养化状态,且枯水期较丰水期富营养化程度更为严重,另外,全年有机污染也比较严重。浮游植物丰水期以蓝藻、绿藻为主,枯水期以蓝藻、硅藻为主,该水库属于典型的蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻型水库,且有较高丰度的耐有机污染的裸藻所在。浮游动物以轮虫和桡足类为主,轮虫主要以耐有机、喜富营养的萼花臂尾轮虫（Rrachionus calyciflorus）、前节晶囊轮虫（Asplanchna priodonta）、螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochearis）为主,挠足类主要以无节幼体,桡足幼体为主,成体很少,且主要以剑水蚤为主,喜寡营养的哲水蚤在该水库中没有出现,枝角类种类,数量都很少,多为广温型、嗜暖型种类,其中长额象鼻蚤（Bosmina longirostris）和微型裸腹蚤（Moina micrura）习居于富营养型水体中。     

珠江广州河段轮虫群落结构的初步研究

2004年4月-2005年4月,对珠江广州河段轮虫群落结构特征进行了初步研究。经鉴定,共发现轮虫65种（包括亚种）,其中西氏三肢轮虫（Filinia novaezealandiae）、华美腔轮虫（Lecane elegans）为我国的新记录种。优势种为裂痕龟纹轮虫（Anuraeopsis fissa）、角突臂尾轮虫（Brachionus angularis）、尾突臂尾轮虫（Brachionus caudatus）、Filinia novaezealandiae、暗小异尾轮虫（Trichocerca pusilla）和微型多突轮虫（Liliferotrocha subtilis）。调查发现径流量对轮虫密度有重要影响,轮虫的两次密度高峰分别出现在春末夏初和秋季。丰水期,轮虫密度较低;枯水期前期,轮虫密度较高;枯水期后期,轮虫密度较低。此外,轮虫种群还受到温度、盐度等因素的影响。研究结果表明轮虫在河流生态系统中具有重要作用。     

水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响

研究了水蕹菜浮床对草鱼主养池塘轮虫群落结构的影响,共检出轮虫38种,隶属于2纲14属,其中浮床池塘出现轮虫36种,而非浮床池塘28种。浮床池塘与非浮床池塘的优势种组成基本类似,萼花臂尾轮虫（Brachionus calyciflorus）、裂足臂尾轮虫（Brachionus diversicornis）、裂痕龟纹轮虫（Anuraeopsis fissa）、暗小异尾轮虫（Trichocerca pusilla）以及长肢多肢轮虫（Polyarthra dolichoptera）为共有优势种;浮床池塘与非浮床池塘的轮虫平均密度分别为1892和2255 ind./L,差异极显著（p0.01）;浮床池塘与非浮床池塘轮虫平均生物量分别为1.535和1.405 mg/L,差异不显著（p0.05）。结果表明,水蕹菜浮床显著促进了轮虫种类数增加,提高了轮虫多样性和均匀度,并在一定程度上减缓了轮虫小型化。