水稻淀粉分支酶基因5′上游区缺失对基因表达的影响

为研究水稻淀粉分支酶基因 (sbe1) 5′上游调控区中存在的顺式作用元件 ,我们将水稻sbe1基因翻译起始点 (ATG) 5′上游区 1.2kb(- 10 96～ 74bp)片段经过不同限制性内切酶消化及外切核酸酶ExoIII部分消化 ,得到 4个 5′端缺失的片段。将这些缺失片段分别与 gus基因编码区连接 ,构建成融合质粒 ,经土壤农杆菌 (Agrobacterium)介导引入水稻 ,定量测定转基因水稻植株未成熟种子中的 gus酶活力。结果表明 ,- 5 16～ 6 4bp的sbe1启动子片段可以驱动gus基因的高表达 ,其它 3个启动子片段 (- 10 96～ 74bp ,- 2 95～ 74bp ,- 146～ 6 4bp)驱动 gus基因表达的能力较低。推测在sbe1基因 5′上游区 - 5 16～ - 2 95bp片段中可能存在能使 gus基因高表达的增强元件     

水稻病程相关基因OsPR1b启动子的表达特性研究

目的:分析水稻病程相关基因OsPR1b的表达特性,以进一步了解其表达和调控机制。方法:利用PCR技术从水稻日本晴基因组中扩增OsPR1b基因的启动子片段,命名为OsPR1bp,并构建相应的OsPR1bp::GUS融合表达载体,采用农杆菌介导的转基因技术获得转基因植株,进行GUS组织化学分析;利用Real-time PCR对OsPR1b基因在植物激素、非生物因子和水稻白叶枯菌(Xoo)毒性菌株P10(PXO124)处理下的表达水平进行分析。结果:GUS组织染色结果表明OsPR1b在水稻叶片中的表达量较高,而在茎、根、愈伤和花器中的表达量较低;植物激素水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)、激动素(KT)、脱落酸(ABA)及NaCl、PEG均可不同程度地提高OsPR1b在叶片中的表达水平,Me-JA、KT和NaCl的处理能提高其在根部的表达水平,但这些激素在诱导OsPR1b在叶片和根部的表达程度上存在明显差异;单独接种Xoo毒性菌株P10 24 h对OsPR1b表达的影响不大,而MeJA与其共同处理后则可显著增强其在叶片中的表达。结论:作为一种防卫基因,OsPR1b在健康植株中的表达水平较低,容易受盐/干旱胁迫及Xoo病原菌的诱导,多种植物激素如JA、KT和ABA很可能作为信号分子参与激活和介导了这种系统性的反应。     

Expression Enhancement of a Rice Polyubiquitin Gene Promoter

An 808 bp promoter from a rice polyubiquitin gene, rubi3, has been isolated. The rubi3 gene contained an open reading frame of 1140 bp encoding a pentameric polyubiquitin arranged as five tandem, head-to-tail repeats of 76 aa. The 1140 bp 5′ UTR intron of the gene enhanced its promoter activity in transient expression assays by 20-fold. Translational fusion of the GUS reporter gene to the coding sequence of the ubiquitin monomer enhanced GUS enzyme activity in transient expression assays by 4.3-fold over the construct containing the original rubi3 promoter (including the 5′ UTR intron) construct. The enhancing effect residing in the ubiquitin monomer coding sequence has been narrowed down to the first 9 nt coding for the first three amino acid residues of the ubiquitin protein. Mutagenesis at the third nucleotide of this 9 nt sequence still maintains the enhancing effect, but leads to translation of the native GUS protein rather than a fusion protein. The resultant 5′ regulatory sequence, consisting of the rubi3 promoter, 5′ UTR exon and intron, and the mutated first 9 nt coding sequence, has an activity nearly 90-fold greater than the rubi3 promoter only (without the 5′ UTR intron), and 2.2-fold greater than the maize Ubi1 gene promoter (including its 5′ UTR intron). The newly created expression vector is expected to enhance transgene expression in monocot plants. Considering the high conservation of the polyubiquitin gene structure in higher plants, the observed enhancement in gene expression may apply to 5′ regulatory sequences of other plant polyubiquitin genes.     

番茄rbcS3A启动子控制的GUS融合基因在转基因水稻中的表达

为研究不同启动子用于转基因水稻,克隆了番茄Rubisco小亚基rbcS3A基因的5′上游调控区,构建了由rbcS3A启动子引导的GUS嵌合基因,并经农杆菌介导导入到水稻中。对转基因水稻植株中GUS活性的定性与定量测定结果表明,rbcS3A启动子可驱动GUS报告基因在转基因水稻植株茎和叶组织中高效表达,而在根和种子等器官中不表达或表达活性极弱,表现出一定的组织特异性。在转基因水稻中,番茄rbcS3A启动子驱动外源基因的表达不受光诱导。     

籼稻蜡质基因5＇上游区与GUS基因编码区融合基因的构建和在水稻中的瞬间表达

为了鉴定水稻蜡质基因５＇上游区的顺式作用因子与研究它们在组织专一性表达中的作用,我们对籼稻品种２３２的蜡质基因５＇上游－１１５至－２１２０的区域进行了顺序测定,并将此基因的５＇上游区同报告基因ＧＵＳ构建成融合基因,用基因枪粒子轰击的方法将此融合基因导入水稻未成熟种子的幼胚和糊粉层细胞中,瞬间表达检测的结果表明,我们构建的融合基因中蜡质基因５＇上游区的长度已足以使ＧＵＳ基因在上述组织中表达。     

水稻重复序列RRD3缺失体介导gusA在水稻愈伤组织中的表达

将水稻中等重复序列RRD3及其系列缺失体克隆到植物启动子检测载体中,通过根癌土壤杆菌介导转化水稻愈伤组织,利用GUS组织化学方法检测其在水稻愈伤组织中的启动子活性。结果显示：全长RRD3、410bp及150bp缺失体具有强的启动子活性,而700bp、120bp缺失体仅有弱的启动子活性。通过与RRD3系列缺失体在哺乳动物CHO细胞中的启动子活性比较后推测：在RRD3中存在两个真核生物启动子的调控元件,一个对动物细胞的启动子起正调控,但对植物细胞中的启动子起负调控作用;另一个调控元件仅对动物细胞的启动子起负调控,而对植物细胞启动子无影响。此外在RRD3序列中至少存在一个与TATA盒相关的真核启动子核心元件,但在动物和植物细胞中的调控方式不同。     

Homologous recombination-mediated knock-in targeting of the MET1a gene for a maintenance DNA methyltransferase reproducibly reveals dosage-dependent spatiotemporal gene expression in rice

Although homologous recombination-promoted knock-in targeting to monitor the expression of a gene by fusing a reporter gene with its promoter is routine practice in mice, gene targeting to modify endogenous genes in flowering plants remains in its infancy. In the knock-in targeting, the junction sequence between a reporter gene and an endogenous target promoter can be designed properly, and transgenic plants carrying an identical and desired knock-in allele can be repeatedly obtained. By employing a reproducible gene-targeting procedure with positive–negative selection in rice, we were able to obtain fertile transgenic knock-in plants with the promoterless GUS reporter gene encoding β-glucuronidase fused with the endogenous promoter of MET1a , one of two rice MET1 genes encoding a maintenance DNA methyltransferase. All of the primary (T₀) transgenic knock-in plants obtained were found to carry only one copy of GUS , with the anticipated structure in the heterozygous condition, and no ectopic events associated with gene targeting could be detected. We showed the reproducible, dosage-dependent and spatiotemporal expression of GUS in the selfed progenies of independently isolated knock-in targeted plants. The results in knock-in targeted plants contrast sharply with the results in transgenic plants with the MET1a promoter -fused GUS reporter gene integrated randomly in the genome: clear interindividual variation of GUS expression was observed among independently obtained plants bearing the randomly integrated transgenes. As our homologous recombination-mediated gene-targeting strategy with positive–negative selection is, in principle, applicable to modify any endogenous gene, knock-in targeting would facilitate basic and applied plant research.     

骨肉瘤中RASSF1A基因的甲基化状态研究

目的：分析骨肉瘤组织中RASSF1A基因甲基化状况。方法：运用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）分别检测44例骨肉瘤组织及相应的癌旁组织中RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化状态并分析其临床病理意义。结果：骨肉瘤组织中RASSF1A基因异常甲基化率（61.4%）显著高于癌旁正常骨组织中RASSF1A基因的异常甲基化率（20.5%）,二者之间差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。RASSF1A基因异常甲基化导致组织中RASSF1A基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低。另外,RASSF1A基因异常甲基化和肿瘤组织分化程度及全身有无转移情况有相关性（P值分别为0.022和0.016）,而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤位置及大小等临床特征无关（P值分别为0.6944,0.977,0.786和0.831）。结论：RASSF1A基因启动子高甲基化可能是导致其在骨肉瘤中表达水平降低的分子机制之一,有望成为骨肉瘤早期辅助诊断的一个重要分子标志物。     

骨肉瘤中RASSF1A基因的甲基化状态研究

目的:分析骨肉瘤组织中RASSF1A基因甲基化状况。方法:运用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)分别检测44例骨肉瘤组织及相应的癌旁组织中RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化状态并分析其临床病理意义。结果:骨肉瘤组织中RASSF1A基因异常甲基化率(61.4%)显著高于癌旁正常骨组织中RASSF1A基因的异常甲基化率(20.5%),二者之间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。RASSF1A基因异常甲基化导致组织中RASSF1A基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平均显著降低。另外,RASSF1A基因异常甲基化和肿瘤组织分化程度及全身有无转移情况有相关性(P值分别为0.022和0.016),而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤位置及大小等临床特征无关(P值分别为0.6944,0.977,0.786和0.831)。结论:RASSF1A基因启动子高甲基化可能是导致其在骨肉瘤中表达水平降低的分子机制之一,有望成为骨肉瘤早期辅助诊断的一个重要分子标志物。