HCMV感染及C-Jun表达与结直肠腺癌相关性研究

目的:探讨人巨细胞病毒(humancytomegalovirus,HCMV)感染在结直肠癌发生、发展过程中的作用及其可能的作用机制.方法:选择84例结直肠腺癌患者的腺癌组织及自身癌旁正常组织,应用RT-PCR技术检测组织中即刻早期基因2(immediate-early gene2,IE2)mRNA的阳性率来反映HCMV的感染情况,免疫组化技术检测凋亡相关基因C-Jun的表达情况.结果:HCMV IE2基因在结直肠腺癌组织中的阳性率高于癌旁组织(P＜0.01);C-Jun基因在结直肠腺癌组织中表达的阳性率高于癌旁组织(P＜0.01);HCMV感染与C-Jun基因在结直肠腺癌组织内的表达存在关联性.结论:HCMV感染在结直肠癌的发生、发展中具有一定作用,其作用机制可能与C-Jun基因的表达有关.     

人白细胞抗原G在结直肠癌中的表达及意义

目的：在蛋白水平检测人白细胞抗原G（HLA-G）在结直肠癌组织中的表达,探讨HLA-G分子在结直肠癌不同分级和不同分期中的表达差异及在肿瘤逃逸中作用。方法：用免疫组织化学法检测结直肠癌和癌旁正常结直肠组织HLA-G的表达情况,用SPSS13.0软件、Kruskal-Wallis test进行分析。结果：HLA-G分子在结直肠癌组织中的表达率为42.3%（41/97）,在癌旁正常结直肠组织的表达率为0（0/20）;HLA-G分子表达与结直肠癌临床TNM分期（P〈0.05）和组织学分级（P〈0.01）相关。结论：HLA-G分子在结直肠癌组织中表达上调,且与结直肠癌的侵袭性生长密切相关;HLA-G分子可能下调宿主对肿瘤细胞的免疫应答反应,使肿瘤细胞逃避机体的免疫监视。     

抑癌基因MTUS1在结直肠癌的表达与其淋巴结转移呈负相关

微管相关肿瘤抑制基因1(MTUS1)是一个新的肿瘤抑制基因,编码血管紧张素II AT受体结合蛋白（ATIPs）. MTUS1基因表达下调可促进肿瘤细胞增殖,但MTUS1基因表达在结直肠癌转移中的作用尚不知晓.本文以接受根治性手术、经病理检查证实的50例结直肠癌患者新鲜癌组织、癌旁组织和远癌组织为材料,探索MTUS1基因表达与结直肠癌淋巴结转移的关系. 荧光定量PCR及蛋白质免疫印迹揭示,有淋巴结转移的结直肠癌患者的癌及癌旁组织MTUS1 基因表达的mRNA及蛋白质水平明显低于无淋巴结转移的患者. MTUS1 蛋白质在淋巴结转移的结直肠癌患者的癌及癌旁组织表达下调,并进一步得到免疫组织化学的验证.实验结果提示,MTUS1的表达量与肿瘤的侵润深度有明显的负相关性.结合临床资料,推断抑癌基因MTUS1在肿瘤的发生、发展及淋巴转移中发挥重要作用.     

MMP-7和Survivin在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨Wnt信号通路中基质金属蛋白酶7（matrix melluoproteinases7,MMP-7）和凋亡抑制基因Survivin在结直肠癌组织中表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学染色（Elivision）方法检测100例结直肠癌组织和60例癌旁正常黏膜组织中MMP-7和Survivin蛋白的表达。结果MMP-7蛋白在100例结直肠癌组织和60例癌旁正常黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为77．00％（77／100）和13．33％（8／60）,两组问差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;Survivin蛋白在100例结直肠癌组织和60例癌旁正常黏膜组织中的阳性表达率分别为65．00％（65／lOO）和15．00％（9／60）,两组问差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。MMP-7与Survivin蛋白阳性表达均与肿瘤的淋巴结转移和Dukes分期有关（P〈0．05）,此外,MMP-7蛋白在结直肠癌中的阳性表达也与肿瘤的浸润深度有关（P〈0．05）。而MMP-7与Survivin蛋白的阳性表达无相关性（r=0．097,P〉O．05）。结论MMP-7和Survivin在结直肠癌中的高表达可能与结直肠癌的发生、发展、浸润和转移等相关,检测癌组织中MMP-7和Survivin的表达有助于为结直肠癌的病情进展及预后判断提供帮助。     

甘油二酯激酶α在结直肠癌中的表达及其与PKC、TNFα的相关性

目的探讨甘油二酯激酶α(DGKα)在结直肠癌中的表达及其与蛋白激酶C(PKC)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)表达的相关性。方法应用免疫组化方法检测DGKα、PKC和TNFα在48例结直肠癌、癌旁正常组织和9例腺瘤性息肉中的表达。结果 DGKα在结直肠癌组织和癌旁正常组织有表达,结直肠癌组织中DGKα阳性表达率(79.2%)显著高于腺瘤性息肉(阴性)和癌旁正常组织(33.3%,P0.05);PKC主要分布在结直肠癌和癌旁正常组织中,结直肠癌组织中PKC阳性表达率(35.4%)显著高于腺瘤性息肉(阴性),与癌旁正常组织(20.8%)相比无显著性差异(P0.05);TNFα在三种组织中均表达阳性,结直肠癌组织中TNFα阳性表达率(95.8%)显著高于腺瘤性息肉(55.6%,P0.05),与癌旁正常组织(87.5%)相比无显著性差异(P0.05);结直肠癌组织中,DGKα与PKC的表达呈负相关(r=-0.437,P0.05),与TNFα的表达没有相关性(r=0.185,P0.05)。结论DGKα在结直肠癌组织中的表达高于腺瘤性息肉,DGKα可能抑制了PKC的活性,但对TNFα没有明显的抑制作用,在临床病理鉴别诊断中有辅助价值。     

大肠癌P21,P53蛋白表达和k—ras基因,P53基因突变研究

用免疫组化技术和ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术对高、中、低分化大肠腺癌、癌旁粘膜、正常粘膜及大肠腺癌型息肉的Ｐ２１、Ｐ５３蛋白表达和ｋ－ｒａｓ基因、Ｐ５３基因突变进行检测。结果,大肠腺癌Ｐ２１、Ｐ５３蛋白表达比大肠腺瘤增多,但增加不显著（Ｐ〉０．０５）,二组均比癌旁粘膜和正常粘膜Ｐ２１、Ｐ５３蛋白表达阳性率高（Ｐ〈０．０１）,大肠腺癌ｋ－ｒａｓ基因和Ｐ５３基因突变率比大肠腺瘤、癌旁粘膜和正常粘膜组显著增加     

RADS1和BRCA1在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的观察结直肠癌中RAD51和BRCA1基因的表达,探讨二者与结直肠癌发生发展及治疗的关系。方法收集结直肠癌癌灶及癌旁正常组织各42例,采用免疫组织化学法及逆转录一聚合酶链反应（reverse transeription-PCR,RTPCR）检测标本组织中RAD51、BRCA1蛋白和mRNA的表达水平。分析RAD51、BRCA1在结直肠癌中的表达水平与临床病理特征的关系以及二者之间的相互关系。结果在结直肠癌组织中RAD51（33例,78．6％）、BRCA1（30例,71．4％）的表达较癌旁正常组织RAD51（7例,16．7％）、BRCA1（18例,42．9％）高（P〈0．05）;结直肠癌中RAD51mRNA（0．51±0．26）和BRCA1 mRNA（O．70±0．96）的值较两者在正常组织中mRNA（0．10±0．22）高（P〈0．01）;两者蛋白及mRNA的表达水平与性别、年龄、分化程度、TNM分期等均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）;BRCA1与RAD51在结直肠癌中的表达水平成明显正相关（蛋白：r=0．731,P〈0．01mRNA：r=0．572,P〈0．01）。结论BRCA1与RAD51在结直肠癌组织中高表达,且二者的表达水平呈明显正相关;BRCAl与RAD51的表达异常可能与结直肠癌的发生发展有关。     

肝癌微血管浸润相关长链非编码RNA(lncRNA-MVIH)在结直肠癌中的表达

为了探讨长链非编码RNA肝癌微血管浸润相关mRNA(MVIH-lncRNA)在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义。本研究采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-q PCR)检测MVIH-lncRNA在44例结直肠癌组织、44例癌旁组织和13例正常结肠组织中表达。研究结果表明:MVIH-lncRNA在结直肠癌组织中的表达显著高于癌旁组织(p0.001)和正常结肠组织(p0.001),并且MVIH-lncRNA的表达在正常结肠组织、癌旁组织、结直肠癌组织中呈递增趋势(p0.001)。高表达MVIH-lncRNA与淋巴结转移相关,而与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化不相关;MVIH-lncRNA表达上调患者生存时间更短(p=0.034),其在结直肠中高表达提示预后不良。本研究的结果表明MVIH-lncRNA在结直肠癌的早期诊断、预后评价中的具有重要的意义,为进一步研究MVIH-lncRNA在结直肠癌的发生发展中的分子机理奠定了研究基础。     

MiR-150-5p靶向TP53对结直肠癌细胞侵袭和增殖的影响

摘要 目的：探索miR-150-5p靶向调控TP53基因对结直肠癌（colorectal cancer, CRC）在临床和生物学的相关性,研究miR-150-5p调控TP53基因在结直肠癌细胞增殖和侵袭病变中的作用。方法：收集临床手术切除并病理证实的结直肠癌患者的手术及血浆样本（结直肠癌和癌旁组织）60例,另选取癌旁正常粘膜10例,腺瘤30例。根据瘤体直径分为肿瘤＞5 cm（n=30）和≤5 cm（n=30）。qRT-PCR法测定样本中miR-150-5p表达,荧光素酶活性测定以确定TP53是否为miR-150-5p的靶基因。使用SW480细胞株,进行Transwell小室检测细胞侵袭能力,CCK-8检测细胞增值能力,对miR-150-5p进行生物信息学分析。结果：TP53是miR-150-5p的下游基因。癌组织及血浆中miR-150-5p表达量低于癌旁组织,直径＞5 cm瘤体中的miR-150-5p表达量显著低于直径≤5 cm瘤体,Ⅰ-Ⅱ期结直肠癌组织中的miR-150-5p表达显著高于Ⅲ-Ⅳ期（P＜0.05）。上调miR-150-5p后,细胞中TP53表达下降,下调miR-150-5p后,TP53表达升高;CCK-8增殖试验显示细胞中miR-150-5p过表达组抑制细胞增殖（P＜0.05）。结论：MiR-150-5p在结直肠癌组织和细胞中显著低表达,miR-150-5p通过靶向调节TP53抑制人CRC细胞的侵袭和增殖,有望成为结直肠癌治疗的新靶点。     

Significance of plasma MACC1 levels on the prognostic stratification in patients with colorectal cancer

The clinical significance of metastasis‐associated in colon cancer‐1 (MACC1) has been investigated but the relevance of peripheral MACC1 levels was rather limited. Herein, our data revealed that plasma MACC1 levels in 117 colorectal cancer patients (CRC) were dramatically higher than that in normal controls (P < 0.001), and with a strong discrimination power between the two groups (AUC = 0.960, P < 0.001). Moreover, MACC1 is an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. When clinical parameters stratified by MACC1_low and MACC1_high, MACC1 levels exhibited further significant predictive value. Summary, plasma MACC1 levels could be a useful prognostic and diagnostic biomarker, and could improve the prognostic value of traditional prognosticators for colorectal cancer patients.     

Survivin、CyclinD1在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的观察Survivin和CyclinD1在大肠癌组织中的表达与临床病理指标及预后的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学(S-P)法,检测44例大肠癌组织、30例癌旁组织、10例正常黏膜组织中Survivin、CyclinD1的表达情况。结果大肠癌组织中Survivin、CyclinD1的表达明显高于癌旁组织的表达,差异具有显著性(P<0.05),正常黏膜组织无Survivin、CyclinD1表达;Survivin表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤组织类型及组织分级、大体类型差异均无显著性(P>0.05),而与淋巴结转移、Dukes分期显著相关(P<0.05),CyclinD1表达与大肠癌各临床病理指标差异均无显著性(P>0.05);Survivin阳性生存率显著低于Survivin阴性患者,CyclinD1阳性生存率显著低于CyclinD1阴性患者(P<0.05);Survivin、CyclinD1在大肠癌中表达正相关(P<0.05)。结论Survivin表达与淋巴结转移、Dukes分期密切相关,提示预后不良,可作为大肠癌侵袭性和预后评估的生物学指标;CyclinD1表达提示预后不良,是判断预后的指标之一;Survivin、CyclinD1在大肠癌的发生过程中既有独立的功能,又有协同作用。     

Identification of phospholipid scramblase 1 as a biomarker and determination of its prognostic value for colorectal cancer

The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) in tumor tissues and plasma specimens of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as analyze its association with clinical parameters. The expression levels of PLSCR1 protein in 104 matched CRC and adjacent normal tissue sections and 50 pairs of CRC tissue blocks were determined by use of immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses, respectively. To evaluate the diagnostic potential of PLSCR1, the plasma levels of PLSCR1 were investigated in 111 additional subjects (59 CRC patients and 52 healthy controls) by Western blot. PLSCR1 was overexpressed in malignant adenocarcinoma tissues compared with normal colorectal mucosa (P < 0.001). In addition, the plasma level of PLSCR1 was not only significantly elevated in CRC patients compared with healthy individuals (P < 0.001), but it was also substantially increased in early stage CRC (P < 0.001). Importantly, the overall sensitivity and specificity of PLSCR1 for CRC detection were 80% and 59.6%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of PLSCR1 for CRC diagnosis is 0.75, which increases to 0.8 if combined with the measurement of carcinoembryonic antigen. Univariate analysis with the Cox regression model revealed that elevated PLSCR1 expression indicated a poor prognosis for CRC. This study showed that PLSCR1 protein levels were significantly elevated in both the cancer tissue and plasma of CRC patients. Moreover, the plasma levels of PLSCR1 were significantly elevated in patients with early stage CRC compared with healthy individuals, suggesting that PLSCR1 might be used as a noninvasive serological diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CRC.     

CCNB2在结直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨细胞周期蛋白B2(Cyclin B2,CCNB2)在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:选择45对结直肠癌组织及癌旁正常结直肠组织样本,分别采用实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法和免疫组织化学技术检测CCNB2的mRNA和蛋白表达,并进一步分析CCNB2的表达与结直肠癌临床病理特征之间的关系。结果:结直肠癌组织中CCNB2 mRNA的表达显著高于癌旁正常结直肠组织,差异有统计学意义(P0.001),且CCNB2的mRNA表达与结直肠癌的肿瘤大小、浸润深度及TNM分期显著相关(P0.05),与年龄、性别、肿瘤位置、分化程度、脉管神经浸润、淋巴结转移和远处转移均无关(P0.05)。45例结直肠癌标本中39例表达(+~+++),6例表达(-)。CCNB2蛋白主要表达于结直肠癌细胞质中,少量见于细胞核。结直肠癌组织中CCNB2蛋白的阳性表达率为86.7%,显著高于癌旁正常结直肠组织,并与患者的性别、年龄、分化程度和肿瘤转移均无显著相关性(P0.05),但与肿瘤分期、浸润程度均显著相关(P0.05)。结论:CCNB2在结直肠癌中呈异常高表达,且与结直肠癌的发生发展相关,有望作为结直肠癌的诊断和预后预测参考指标。     

Inflammation and MiR-21 Pathways Functionally Interact to Downregulate PDCD4 in Colorectal Cancer

Inflammation plays a direct role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression; however the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect are unclear. The inflammation induced cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) enzyme required for the production of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), can promote colorectal cancer by decreasing expression of the tumour suppressor gene Programmed Cell Death 4 (PDCD4). As PDCD4 is also a direct target of the oncogene microRNA-21 (miR-21) we investigated the relationship between the COX-2 and miR-21 pathways in colorectal cancer progression. Gene expression profile in tumour and paired normal mucosa from 45 CRC patients demonstrated that up-regulation of COX-2 and miR-21 in tumour tissue correlates with worse Dukes'' stage. In vitro studies in colonic adenocarcinoma cells revealed that treatment with the selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 significantly decreased miR-21 levels (p = 0.0067) and increased PDCD4 protein levels (p<0.001), whilst treatment with PGE₂ up-regulated miR-21 expression (p = 0.019) and down-regulated PDCD4 protein (p<0.05). These findings indicate that miR-21 is a component of the COX-2 inflammation pathway and that this pathway promotes worsening of disease stage in colorectal cancer by inducing accumulation of PGE₂ and increasing expression of miR-21 with consequent downregulation of the tumour suppressor gene PDCD4.     

血管内皮生长因子( VEGF) 在大肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨VEGF（Vascular endothelial growth factor）在大肠癌中的表达及与肿瘤大小、病理分级、临床分期和预后的关系。方法：大肠癌组织蜡块50例、癌旁组织20例、正常组织20例。采用免疫组化S—P法对标本切片进行染色。结果：VEGF在癌组织中表达明显高于癌旁组织和正常组织,三者之间差异显著（P〈0．05）。VEGF抗原表达与病理分级、Dukes分期呈负相关性（P〈0．01）。结论：VEGF与大肠癌的发生有关,VEGF的检测可作为大肠癌预后评估的客观指标。     

Overexpression of insulin receptor substrate-4 is correlated with clinical staging in colorectal cancer patients

Insulin receptor substrate-4 (IRS-4), a poorly studied member of the IRS family, may play an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) tumourigenesis. The aim of this pilot study was to elucidate the potential role of IRS-4 in colorectal carcinogenesis by evaluating IRS-4 expression in different types of colorectal tumours (n?=?20) and comparing its expression to normal mucosa (n?=?20). Tissue samples were collected from 18 patients with CRC and 2 with precancerous lesions (tubulovillous adenomas), all of whom were undergoing potentially curative surgery. IRS-4 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining and compared to clinicopathological features. In normal colonic crypts, the subcellular localization of IRS-4 varied from the crypt base compartment to the surface epithelium. Nuclear IRS-4 staining decreased while non-nuclear IRS-4 increased as cells approached the top of the crypt. In the patients studied, colorectal tumours showed a significant (p < 0.001) increase of IRS-4 expression compared with adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, nuclear IRS-4 intensity of CRC patients was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in colonic tumoural tissue than in paired normal specimens. Tumour expression of IRS-4 in CRC patients was positively associated with T (p < 0.0001) and N (p < 0.05), of TNM (tumour and nodes and metastasis) staging system. Taken together, these results suggest that increase of IRS-4 expression may be involved to some extent in colorectal cancer.     

Proteome analysis and tissue microarray for profiling protein markers associated with lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: Understanding the proteins associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in colorectal cancer (CRC) will benefit us in the prediction of CRC prognosis and provide us new potential targets in the intervention of CRC. The aim of this study is to investigate the LNM-associated proteins and to evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics of these target proteins' expression in CRC. METHODS: Fresh tumor and paired normal mucosa from five cases for each group of non-LNM CRC and LNM CRC were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS, followed by Western blotting confirmation. In 40 paraffin-embedded CRC samples, each for non-LNM CRC and LNM CRC, four differentially expressed proteins identified by proteomics analysis were detected by tissue microarray with immunohistochemistry staining to access the clinicopathological characteristics of these proteins in LNM of CRC. RESULTS: Twenty-five proteins were found to be differentially expressed between normal mucosa and CRC tissue. Increased expression levels of heat shock protein-27 (HSP-27), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and Annexin II, but a decreased expression level of liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), existed in LNM CRC as compared with non-LNM CRC (p<0.01 or p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: The techniques of proteomic analysis combined with tissue microarray provide us a dramatic tool for screening of LNM-associated proteins in cancer research. The increased expression of HSP-27, GST, and Annexin II, but decreased expression of L-FABP, suggests a significantly elevated incidence of LNM in CRC.