蜚蠊单个棘—钟形感器冲动发放的特性

本文分析了蜚镰后胸足单个棘一钟形感器对机械位移刺激的反应模式以及冲动发放的特性.结果证明该感器是一种适应较慢的相位性触觉感受器,对触刺激有相当稳定的反应.     

蓖麻蚕雄蛾触角的嗅觉感受细胞对性信息素各组分的反应

本文用单个嗅觉感受细胞电反应的记录方法,测定了蓖麻蚕Philosania cvnthiaricini)雄蛾触角的毛形感器对其性信息素组分及雌蛾腹部性腺提取物的反应。发现反-4,反-6,顺-11-十六碳三烯醛和反-4,反-6,顺-11-十六碳三烯乙酸酯能引起反应。对前者发放大脉冲,对后者发放小脉冲,对雌蛾腹部提取物发放大、小两种脉冲,但以大脉冲为主。选择性适应试验表明,蓖麻蚕雄蛾触角的毛形感器中存在两种不同类型的嗅觉感受细胞。     

川楝素对粘虫幼虫拒食作用的电生理学研究

1×10^-4g/ml川楝素溶液能诱发记录到粘虫(Mythimna separata)幼虫下颚瘤状体栓锥感器的传入发放.其发放频率有一个逐步发展的过程,并可引起几个感受器细胞的爆发性发放.若用1×10^-4g/ml川楝素溶液处理栓锥感器,则经过一段时间后,能抑制粘虫幼虫侧栓锥感器对10mmol/L蔗糖和中栓锥感器对50mmol/L肌醇的诱发反应.用二硫苏糖醇及川楝素的混合液处理上述感器,则能解除川楝素的抑制效应.对川楝素作为拒食剂对昆虫化学感受器的可能作用方式作了初步探讨.对其拒食效应与活乐木醛作了比较.     

棉铃虫雄蛾触角的毛形感器对其性信息素组分及类似物的反应

本文用单细胞电反应的记录方法,测定了棉铃虫Heliothis armigera Hubner雄蛾触角的毛形感器对其性信息素组分及雌蛾腹部提取物的反应,发现顺-11-十六碳烯醛和顺-9-十六碳烯醛能引起反应。对前者发放大脉冲,对后者发放小脉冲,对雌蛾腹部提取物发放大、小两种脉冲,但以大脉冲为主。     

柞蚕雌蛾性信息素及其类似物的结构和活性关系的电生理学研究

本文用电生理学的单细胞记录方法,研究了柞蚕雄蛾(Antheraea pernyi)触角的毛形感器对雌蛾性信息素及相应的几何异构体、光学异构体的反应特性;测定了剂量-反应曲线.研究结果表明:信息化合物的双键构型及光学特性对触角电位(以EAG表示)活性大小有重要影响.     

黄酮类化合物结构与清除活性氧自由基效能关系的研究

以X－XOD体系产生O2,Luminol作为发光增强,用化学发光法测定了12种黄酮单体清除O2,反应的速率常数（k3),其K3值在10^-5-10^-6(mol/L)^-1sec^-1之间,以k3值的大小作为比较指标,对黄酮体的结构与清O2活力之间的关系进行了探讨,同时又用化学发光法测定了这些黄酮试样在1mol/L浓度时对V -H2O2-C^2 - 酵母多糖体系产生的．OH的抑制,显示出黄酮类化合物在清除O2和．OH时的活性部位和作用机制并不完全相同,认为4－OH和双键是清O2的主要活性部位,而环邻二羟基（3,4,．－di-OH)则是清除．OH的关键功能团。     

科技论文中计量单位格式简介

<正>本刊对科技论文中计量单位的格式暂作如下规定:计量单位和单位符号以国家技术监督局发布的《量和单位》GB3100-3102-93执行。1.时间:日(天)用d;小时用h;分钟用min,秒用s等,单位符号均用英文小写正体。2.溶液浓度:溶液浓度用mol/L表示,而不用M或N。3.旋转速率:单位符号为r/min,而不用rpm。4.生物大分子的分子量:蛋白质用k D;核酸用bp或kb。5.光密度:光密度符号用斜体表示,如OD,OD600等。     

科技论文中计量单位格式简介

正本刊对科技论文中计量单位的格式暂作如下规定:计量单位和单位符号以国家技术监督局发布的《量和单位》GB3100-3102-93执行。1. 时间:日(天)用d;小时用h;分钟用min,秒用s等,单位符号均用英文小写正体。2. 溶液浓度:溶液浓度用mol/L表示,而不用M或N。3. 旋转速率:单位符号为r/min,而不用rpm。4. 生物大分子的分子量:蛋白质用k D;核酸用bp或kb。     

科技论文中计量单位格式简介

正本刊对科技论文中计量单位的格式暂作如下规定:计量单位和单位符号以国家技术监督局发布的《量和单位》GB3100-3102-93执行。1.时间:日(天)用d;小时用h;分钟用min,秒用s等,单位符号均用英文小写正体。2.溶液浓度:溶液浓度用mol/L表示,而不用M或N。3.旋转速率:单位符号为r/min,而不用rpm。4.生物大分子的分子量:蛋白质用k D;核酸用bp或kb。     

利用单感器记录与神经元示踪结合对棉铃虫主要性信息素感器内神经元投射的鉴定

【目的】鉴定雄性棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera成虫触角性信息素感器嗅觉受体神经元的功能、形态及中枢投射路径。【方法】利用单感器记录技术记录棉铃虫嗅觉受体神经元对性信息素的反应,同时采用荧光染料作为示踪剂染色标记嗅觉受体神经元;使用免疫组织化学方法处理相应的脑组织,标记脑内触角叶的神经纤维球结构;用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜获取图像数据,使用图形软件ZEN和Amira 4.1.1进行三维结构重建。【结果】记录到雄性棉铃虫成虫触角上长毛形感器对主要性信息素成分Z11-16∶Ald产生明显的电生理反应,并成功染色标记了该感器内的嗅觉受体神经元。染色标记显示该感器内具有两个嗅觉受体神经元,其轴突通过触角神经分别投射触角叶内的云状体神经纤维球和普通神经纤维球。【结论】单感器记录与神经元示踪两技术结合能够用于鉴定昆虫触角嗅觉受体神经元的功能、形态和投射至神经纤维球的路径。与赖氨酸钴方法比较,使用荧光染料法进行神经元示踪,操作更简便,且易于进行三维空间分析,为调查棉铃虫其他嗅觉神经元的投射路径以明确外周气味受体感受与中枢系统的联系提供了有力技术支持。     

螽斯听觉中间神经元TN2的声反应特征以及GABA对其影响

采用单细胞电生理记录技术,对螽斯Ｇａｍｐｏｃｌｅｉｓ ｇｒａｔｉｏｓａ听觉双轴突中间神经元ＴＮ２的声反应放电活动的基本特征进行了观测,发现ＴＮ２的放电模式为“ｐｈａｓｉｃ”型,最敏感频率为１３ｋＨｚ,反应阈值为３１ｄＢ ＳＰＬ,是一个高灵敏、宽带通的神经元。还研究了抑制性神经递质ＧＡＢＡ及其拮抗剂苦毒素对ＴＮ２声反应的影响,发现ＧＡＢＡ能抑制ＴＮ２的放电活动,而苦毒素则将其放电模式改变为“ｔｏｎｉ     

正常猫膈神经单纤维电活动特征

在麻醉猫和麻痹的切断迷走神经的清醒猫,观察了膈神经单纤维电活动特征。1.电活动类型:按膈神经单纤维放电与其总干放电的相位关系分为三种类型。(1)完全同步型,即单纤维放电与总干放电同时开始并同时停止,占76.9％。(2)部分同步型占15.4％,其中早期同步,即单纤维放电与总干放电同时开始,但提前终止,占1.9％,中期同步,即单纤维放电较总干放电开始晚,又提前终止,占5.8％,晚期同步,即单纤维放电较总干放电开始晚,但两者同时终止,占7.7％。(8)非同步型,即吸气相和呼气相都有放电,但呼气相时冲动频率较低,占7.7％。前两型为单纯的吸气性放电,共占92.3％。2.单纤维放电平均参数值:麻醉猫每次吸气发放11个冲动,其频率为21次/秒,清醒猫每次吸气发放18个冲动,其频率为34次/秒。结果表明:猫膈神经单纤维放电类型和文献上报导的直接记录膈神经运动神经元放电一致,即以单纯的吸气性放电为最多。     

A nonlinear model of step responses in the cockroach tactile spine neuron

Rapid sensory adaptation in the cockroach tactile spine neuron has previously been associated with a labile threshold for action potentials, which changes with the membrane potential by a process involving two time constants. A feed-forward, variable-threshold model has previously been used to account for the frequency response function of the neuron when stimulated with small-signal, white-noise currents. Here, we used a range of accurately controlled steps of extracellular current to stimulate the neuron. The same model was able to predict the individual step responses and could also fit the entire set of step responses from a single neuron if an initial, saturating, static nonlinearity was included. These results indicate that the two-time-constant, variable-threshold model can account for most of the rapidly adapting behavior of the tactile spine neuron.     

Firing properties of the soma and axon of the abdominal stretch receptor neurons in the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus)

Action potentials (APs) and impulse responses in the soma and axon of the rapidly and slowly adapting (SA) abdominal stretch receptor neurons of the crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) were recorded with single microelectrode current-clamp technique. Impulse frequency response to constant current injection was almost constant in the SA neuron while the response decayed completely in the rapidly adapting (RA) neuron. Mean impulse frequency responses to current stimulations were similar in the receptor neuron pairs. In the RA neuron additional current steps evoked additional impulses while a sudden drop in the current amplitude caused adaptation. Impulse duration was dependent on the rate of rise when current ramps were used. Adaptation was facilitated when calculated receptor current was used. Exposing the neuron to 3 mmol/l TEA or scorpion venom resulted in partly elongated impulse responses. SA neuron could continuously convert the current input into impulse frequency irrespective of previous stimulation conditions. Exposing the SA neuron to 3 mmol/l TEA or 1 mmol/l Lidocaine reduced impulse duration to large current stimulations. The SA neuron fired spontaneously if it was exposed to 5-10 mmol/l Lidocaine or 10(-2) mg/ml Leiurus quinquestriatus venom. The action potential (AP) amplitudes in the RA soma, RA axon, SA soma, and SA axon were significantly different between components of all pairs. Duration of the AP in the axon of the RA neuron was significantly shorter than those in the RA soma, SA soma, and SA axon. Diameter of the RA axon was larger than that of the SA axon. Non-adapting impulse responses were promptly observed only in the SA axons. The results indicate that the RA neuron is a sort of rate receptor transducing the rapid length changes in the receptor muscle while the SA neuron is capable of transducing the maintained length changes in the receptor muscle. The differences in firing properties mainly originate from the differences in the active and passive properties of the receptor neurons.     

The effect of substance P on the neuronal activity of the antinociceptive system

The experiments on rats showed that the 1 micrograms substance P injection to dorsal raphe nucleus caused prolonged (24 hours of study) analgetic effect--it enhances the reaction latent period to thermal nociceptive stimulation, intensifies the background impulse activity, rises the middle frequency of neuron discharges and creates high-frequency neurons as well as the neurons with burst impulse activity. The supposition is being confirmed that the mechanism of antinociceptive structures activation leads to analgesia caused by substance P.     

猫体感皮层神经元对同时刺激隐神经的A类和C类纤维的反应型式

记录了麻痹猫的体感皮层(SI)神经元的自发和隐神经的A类和C类纤维传入诱发放电(A-ED和C-ED)。用NCCVF分析神经元放电。结果表明,SI区神经元对同时刺激隐神经的A类和C类纤维的反应呈多种型式:(1)A-ED和C-ED共存,包括Ⅰ.A-ED和C-ED始终相互伴随出现;Ⅱ.在刺激之初,只出现A-ED,但是,当阻断A类纤维传入并由C类纤维传入诱发神经元放电后,再同时刺激A类和C类纤维时,A-ED和C-ED便同时出现。(2)A-ED制约C-ED,特点是,只要A-ED存在,C/ED就不出现。只有阻断A类纤维传入后,C-ED才产生。(3)单一A-ED,不管在什么刺激条件下,这类神经元都只有A-ED,而不产生C-ED 结论:根据反应型式的不同,可将SI区的神经元分为Ⅰ.A类和C类纤维传入同时驱动的神经元;Ⅱ.A-ED制约C-ED的神经元;Ⅲ.只由A类纤维传入驱动的神经元。     

Chemical transmission and adaptation

Acetylcholine and factor I appear to be transmitter substances of excitatory and inhibitory regulatory nerve fibers supplying the sensory neurons of stretch receptor organs of the crayfish. Sudden application of a low concentration of acetylcholine causes the impulse frequency to jump to a peak value. But immediately the frequency falls again and gradually reaches a steady state which is not far above the previous frequency level. If the acetylcholine is now withdrawn there follows a silent period after which the frequency returns to its original level. The time course of these events is identical with that of adaptations to sudden increase or decrease of stretch. Factor I in sufficiently low concentrations causes an immediate fall in impulse frequency (silent period) which is followed by a return to a value near the previous frequency level. Withdrawal of factor I is followed by excitation and again return of the frequency to the rate measured before the application of factor I. The time course of these phenomena is identical with that of adaptations to sudden decrease and increase of stretch. It is suggested that adaptation may be a property not only of sensory neurons but of neurons in general and that even central neurons may be considered as receptor neurons inasmuch as they respond to chemically transmitted excitatory and inhibitory stimuli.     

神经元诱发反应与自发放电的关系

分析上丘神经元光诱发反应与其背景放电频率的关系。结果见到：根据密度迭加直方图判断呈兴奋反应的单位,背景放电频率高的反应变化率小,反之则大。呈抑制反应的单位,背景放电频率低的反应变化率小,反之则大。部分无明显反应的单位,背景放电频率低时,呈兴奋反应,北京放电频率高时,呈抑制反应。提示：对神经元活动的分析,如果仅以密度迭加直方图判断有无反应而忽视与背景放电频率的关系,将丢失部分阳性反应单位。     

Changes in electric activity of neurons of dorsal raphe nuclei in the development of generator of pathologically enhanced excitation in the nociceptive system

In the experiments on rats it was proved by the method of extracellular registration of impulse neuron activity of dorsal raphe nucleus, that the formation of generator of pathologically enhanced excitation (GPEE) in nociceptive structures of spinal brain underlying the pain syndrome of spinal origin, results in a change of electric neuron activity of dorsal raphe nucleus. These changes are manifested by growing number of background nucleus neurons, the increase of middle frequency of discharges, and assuming pack character of impulse activity. These changes are greater marked in a ventral nucleus part, than in a dorsal one, which is evident of the activation of this antinociceptive system structure. The changes of electric activity of dorsal raphe neurons are stable for a long time after GPEE is formed in nociceptive system, and participate in suppression of GPEE and corresponding pain syndrome.