新疆榅桲抗动脉粥样硬化“多成分-多靶点”作用机制的网络药理学研究

本文通过网络药理学方法研究新疆榅桲活性成分其作用靶点,并构建成分-靶点-通路网络探讨其抗动脉粥样硬化多成分-多靶点-多通路的作用机制。本文从不同数据库收集得到10个与动脉粥样硬化相关的主要活性成分,预测得到10个主要作用靶点,调控了血管平滑肌细胞增殖、白脂肪细胞分化等生物学功能,参与了PPAR等信号通路,体现了新疆榅桲多成分、多靶点、多通路的作用特点,为阐述其抗动脉粥样硬化的作用机制提供科学依据。     

发酵无花果香料的挥发性成分分析

利用微生物发酵无花果开发特色香料,并采用同时蒸馏萃取装置收集挥发性成分并用气相色谱一质谱仪对生物技术制备的无花果香料挥发性成分进行分离和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出47种组分,确认了其中的45种成分,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的百分含量,其主要成分为：9,12-十八碳二烯酸乙酯(27．34％)、十六酸乙酯(23．99％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6．18％)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(5．52％)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸甲酯(4．72％)、十六酸甲酯(4．67％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯(4．48％)、9-十八碳烯酸乙酯(3．80％)、糠醛(2．53％)、9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯(1．85％)、十八酸乙酯(1．42％)、9-十八碳烯酸甲酯(1．26％)等。     

橘小实蝇和番石榴实蝇卵的提取物对两种实蝇行为的影响及化学成分分析

[目的]探究橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis和番石榴实蝇Bactrocera correcta卵提取物对2种实蝇雌虫行为的影响,以及2种实蝇卵表面化合物的差异,为2种实蝇的化学生态防治提供理论依据.[方法]利用Y型嗅觉仪测定了橘小实蝇交配雌虫和番石榴实蝇交配雌虫对卵表提取物的行为反应,并利用EthoVision XT软件分析雌虫在Y管内的运动轨迹;利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)鉴定分析橘小实蝇卵和番石榴实蝇卵的化合物成分,并利用标准曲线法测定了各组分的含量.[结果]橘小实蝇卵提取物对橘小实蝇交配雌虫具有显著引诱作用(x2=9.383,P=-0.002),对番石榴实蝇交配雌虫具有显著驱避作用(x2=6.737,P=0.009),番石榴实蝇卵提取物对番石榴实蝇交配雌虫(x2=4.235,P=0.040)和橘小实蝇交配雌虫都具有引诱作用(x2=5.818,P=0.016).从橘小实蝇卵表提取物中共鉴定出11种化合物,分别是茴香脑、十五烷、十二烷酸、十二酸乙酯、(Z)-11-十四碳烯酸、十四烷酸、十四酸乙酯、(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、十六烷酸、十八碳烯酸、(Z)-9-十八碳烯酸乙酯.从番石榴实蝇卵表提取物中仅鉴定出7种化合物,而且这7种化合物在橘小实蝇的卵提取物中都存在.仅存在于橘小实蝇卵表的4种化合物是茴香脑、十二烷酸、十二酸乙酯、(Z)-11-十四碳烯酸.在2种实蝇卵提取物的相同成分中,十四烷酸、(E)-9-十六碳烯酸乙酯、十六烷酸在橘小实蝇卵表的含量显著高于番石榴实蝇.[结论]番石榴实蝇具有通过卵表化合物识别同种卵和异种卵的能力,2种实蝇的卵表化合物具有明显的差异.     

蝴蝶果茎挥发油的化学成分

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果茎中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出36个峰,鉴定出35种化合物,占总油量的98.34%,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。其主要成分为十六烷酸乙酯(13.19%)、正十六烷酸(11.11%)、十八碳烯酸乙酯(6.18%)、正十八烷(4.98%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(4.90%)及十八碳二烯酸乙酯(4.21%)。     

保幼激素类似物对黄胸散白蚁兵蚁分化的诱导

本文报道保幼激素类似物诱导黄胸散白蚁兵蚁分化的作用。试验证明:用保幼激素类似物处理的滤纸喂食工蚁组成的实验群体,可以引起工蚁向前兵蚁方向分化,发生这种分化的工蚁数量最高达45%。三种保幼激素类似物具有明显的作用,它们是:3,7,11-三甲基十二碳-2,4-二烯酸乙酯、11-甲氧基-3,7,11-三甲基十二碳-2,4-二烯酸硫代乙酯和11-甲氧基-3,7,11-三甲基十二碳-2,4-二烯酸异丙酯。     

榅桲总多酚的纯化工艺及PTP1B抑制作用研究

通过采用11种大孔吸附树脂对榅桲多酚粗提物的静态吸附和解吸试验,筛选出适合分离纯化榅桲总多酚的最优树脂,并对其动态吸附特性和影响因素进行研究。结果表明:最佳纯化工艺条件为:AB-8大孔吸附树脂做吸附填料,上样液质量浓度0.04 g/m L,以2 BV/h的吸附速率进行吸附,上样量为11 BV,用3 BV蒸馏水除杂后,以50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱液用量为4 BV,洗脱流速控制在2 BV/h。经AB-8树脂吸附富集后,样品总多酚质量浓度达到了30.11 mg/g,是粗提物(9.55 mg/g)的3倍。对纯化前后的榅桲总多酚进行PTP1B的抑制作用研究,结果显示,榅桲总多酚对PTP1B有较强的抑制作用,即榅桲总多酚纯化前的IC50为78.14μg/m L,用AB-8树脂纯化后所得总多酚的IC50为16.12μg/m L。     

云南丛生树花净油的组成：1.主要的脂肪酸乙酯

根据气相色谱-质谱数据推定云南丛生树花净油液体部分中四种主要成分为辛酸乙酯、十六烷酸乙酯、十八烷酸乙酯和2,4,6-十八碳三烯酸乙酯。     

瑞香狼毒茎叶化学成分研究

新鲜瑞香狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)茎叶经正已烷提取,脱腊后进行GC-MS-DS联用分析,鉴定出20个化合物。主要成分为正十八烷;正十九烷;2,6,10,14 — 四甲基十六烷;十六烷酸;十六烷酸甲酯;十六烷酸乙酯;9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸甲酯;9,12-+八碳二烯酸;9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸和十八烷酸。     

毛华菊干花净油化学成分的研究

毛华菊的干花净油是一个有发展前景的香料。本文首次报告了对毛华菊净油化学成分的分析结果。我们利用气相色谱/质谱/计算机联用技术,气相色谱保留指数法,色谱标准品对照叠加等方法分析鉴定了毛华菊净油中47个已知化学成分。其中大多属于含氧的单萜、倍半萜及脂肪酸酯类化合物。含量较高的成分有1.8-桉叶油素、丁香烯、长叶烷、十四酸丁酯、十六酸乙酯、9-十八烯酸乙酯、9-十六烯酸、樟脑、癸酸乙酯、橙花醇、黑椒酚、芳樟醇、乙酸萜品酯、龙脑乙酸酯等。     

盐胁迫对榅桲组培苗生长及其生理特征的影响

以榅桲组培苗为实验材料,采用不同质量分数的NaCl和Na2SO4处理后,观察盐胁迫对其生理生化指标的影响.结果表明:榅桲组培苗萌芽率、增殖倍数和平均株高均随2种盐质量分数的增大而降低,并在2种盐质量分数皆为1.0%时不再萌芽,平均株高降至试验最低值,而在NaCl和Na2SO4质量分数分别为0.8%和1.0%时不再增殖;榅桲组培苗叶片膜透性随着2种盐质量分数的增大而升高且与对照差异显著,并于盐质量分数为1.0%时均达到试验最大值,而当NaCl和Na2SO4质量分数分别为0.8%和1.0%时,组培苗致死率超过50%;组培苗叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均随着2种盐质量分数的增大呈先上升后下降趋势,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性则随着2种盐质量分数的增加而持续增强.研究发现,盐胁迫榅桲组培苗的相关指标均与相应对照有显著差异,其中的叶片膜透性及其SOD、CAT以及POD均可作为鉴定榅桲耐盐性评价指标.     

Volatile Components of Quince Fruit (Cydonia oblonga Mill.)

Steam distilled oil of quince fruit (Cydonia oblonga Mill.=C. vulgaris Pers., marmelo in Japanese) was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sixty-two compounds, 2 hydrocarbons, 13 esters, 11 alcohols, 11 aldehydes, 11 ketones, 5 lactones and 9 miscellaneous compounds, were identified. Of them, the chemical structures of two new oxide compounds, trans- and cis-3-methyl-5-[(E)-3′-methyl-13′-butadien-1′-yl]tetrahydrofuran, were elucidated by instrumental analyses.     

Phenological stages of the quince tree (Cydonia oblonga)

As in other temperate species, the quince tree (Cydonia oblonga) shows different phenological stages throughout its vegetative growth period in response to changing temperatures. Two cultivars were studied, and 15 phenological stages were identified during their annual cycle, starting at bud dormancy and ending at leaf fall a year later. The different phenological stages were classified according to the BBCH General Scale and Fleckinger's code. The length of all the stages was measured in days and as cumulative day degrees. This study of the quince tree might aid to prevent and deal with any potential physiological and pathological disorders.     

Changes in the volatile profile of four cultivars of quince (Cydonia oblonga) produced by codling moth (Cydia pomonella) infestation

The production of quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) is affected worldwide by codling moth (Cydia pomonella L.), an oligophagous pest. In this study, volatile compounds in healthy and infested fruits were collected from four cultivars of quince: Champion, Portugal, Smyrna and INTA 147. Volatiles were extracted by SPME and analyzed by GC-MS. Up to 30 compounds were identified in the volatile profiles of uninfested quinces, ranging from 90.9% to 98.4% of the total relative abundance. The volatile profile of all four cultivars of quince was similar, with (E,E)-α-farnesene and octanoic acid- ethyl ester as the main components. Infested fruits presented increased levels of (E,E)-α-farnesene, while minor compounds decreased significantly. Champion and Smyrna varieties might be more susceptible cultivars to infestation as their healthy fruits presented the highest contents of (E,E)-α-farnesene and Pear Ester, both codling moth kairomones. The role of these highly recognized kairomones in the chemical ecology of codling moth in quince is discussed.     

A C13-norisoprenoid gentiobioside from quince fruit.

The beta-D-gentiobioside [beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1----6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside] of 3-hydroxy-beta-ionol has been isolated and characterized in quince (Cydonia oblonga) fruit through spectral and chemical studies. Model experiments carried out with this new natural compound revealed its important role as precursor of a number of C13-norisoprenoid flavour compounds of quince essential oil.     

Relationship between calcium and agar on vitrification and shoot-tip necrosis of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) shoots in vitro

Shoot-tip cultures of Quince C (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) initiated on Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium containing 5 M BA and 0.6% Phytagar showed both shoot-tip necrosis and severe vitrification. Culturing explants on medium containing 1.2% Phytagar and Ca levels of 3 mM (MS medium), 18 mM and 30 mM showed a decrease in growth with increasing medium Ca levels, being especially severe at 30 mM. The Ca content of the explants increased linearly with increasing medium Ca. Culturing explants on medium containing 3 mM, 9 mM, and 18 mM Ca at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2% agar resulted in reduction in growth, shoot-tip necrosis, and vitrification when either factor was increased. The reduction in shoot-tip necrosis could be accounted for primarily by an increase in medium Ca levels but may also be affected by a change in explant growth. Increasing Ca concentration in the medium resulted in a linear increase in explant K, Ca, Mg, and B levels and a decrease in Mn and Na. Although increasing medium Ca or agar levels reduced vitrification, it is unclear whether they were the direct cause of the reduction in vitrification or whether this response was an effect of the reduction in culture fresh weight.Approved by publication by the Director, West Virginia Agriculture anf Forestry Experimental Station as Scientific Article No. 2199     

Factors effecting adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of quince (Cydonia oblonga)

A procedure for adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) using thidiazuron (TDZ) was developed. Excised leaves of cultures grown on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 5 M benzyladenine (BA) and 0.9% Gibco Phytagar were used. Several experiments were conducted to determine optimum concentrations of thidiazuron, -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and sucrose. When the medium contained 1.5 M TDZ and 2.5 M NAA, 85% of the discs regenerated shoots with an average of eight shoots per leaf disc. An incubation period of three weeks in the dark was necessary for optimum shoot regeneration. Leaves excised from four to six-week-old cultures gave a higher percent shoot regeneration than leaves from cultures older than six weeks. Regeneration percentages were significantly reduced when sucrose concentration in the medium was less than 3%. A significantly higher percentage of shoots regenerated when leaf discs were placed on the regeneration medium abaxial side down as compared to the adaxial side.Regenerated shoots were cultured on MS medium containing 5 M BA and rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 10 M NAA. Rooted plantlets were acclimatized to greenhouse conditions for evaluation of any somaclonal variation. The importance of these findings are discussed in relation to in vitro improvement of plants.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962) salt mixture - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - TDZ thidiazuron (N-phenyl-N'-1,2,3,-thiadiazol-5-ylurea) Approved for publication by the Director, West Virginia Agric. and For. Expt. Sta. as Scientific Article No.2346     

Plantlet regeneration from cultured leaves of Cydonia oblonga L. (quince)

Summary Adventitious shoots of Cydonia oblonga Quince A were obtained from leaves cultured on MS-N6 medium containing thidiazuron (TDZ) and -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The frequency of regeneration was high (78% of the cultured leaves with 3.2 shoots per regenerating leaf) at 32 M TDZ plus 0.3 M NAA on young leaves obtained from micropropagated shoots. Shoots were rooted by culturing them first on medium containing 5 M NAA for one week and then on auxinfree medium for four weeks. The regeneration protocol may be useful for selection of somaclonal variants with increased tolerance to low Fe and for transformation mediated by Agrobacterium.     

Naturalization of an alien ancient fruit tree at a fine scale: Community structure and population dynamics of Cydonia oblonga in China

Naturalized plants play pivotal roles in local plant biodiversity and ecological functions; however, the drivers of naturalization remain poorly understood at a fine scale. Thus, understanding the processes of the development and dominance of alien plants in local natural habitats is of paramount importance. In the present study, we report for the first time the naturalization of Cydonia oblonga in China based on community structure and population dynamics at a fine scale. We conducted a comprehensive survey of the species through field community investigations, interviews, and a literature review. Cydonia oblonga is an ancient fruit tree with a long introduction history of over 4500 years worldwide and a cultivation history of over 2500 years in China. We analyzed C. oblonga community structure using the spatiotemporal substitution method and quantitatively analyzed population dynamics using a static life table, survivorship curve, and time series model to explore the naturalization processes. The following results were obtained. (i) The community comprised 31 coexisting vascular plant species (16 woody and 15 herbaceous species) belonging to 28 genera in 20 families. Rosaceae and Asteraceae were the two most dominant families. (ii) All individuals in the shrub layer as well as the C. oblonga population exhibited a roughly inverted J-shaped basal diameter distribution. A complete age structure was noted, and the survival curve was classified as Deevey type II. According to time series analysis, the population is estimated to increase in the future, specifically of medium and large individuals. (iii) Religious exchange, potent resource competitiveness, and similarity with the native habitat may be the major drivers of the introduction and successful naturalization of C. oblonga. These results suggest that alien species closely related to native ones are more likely to invade, naturalize, and dominate communities in local habitats.