胍丁胺对离体大鼠主动脉张力的影响及其受体机制

采用离体血管环灌流方法,观察了胍丁胺（agmatine,Agm)对大鼠胸主动脉张力的影响,并探讨其受体机制,实验结果如下：（1）在苯肾上腺素PE,10^-6mol/L)引起血管预收缩的 基础上,Agm(10^-7-10^-2mol/L)剂量依赖性地舒张大鼠胸主动脉。（2）上述舒张反应在去除内皮和应用NOS抑制剂N^-G-mnitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME,0.5mmol/L)后依然存在,提示Agm的舒血管作用为非内皮依赖性,并无NO的参与。（3）在高Ca^2 (3mmol/L)引起血管预收缩的基础上,Agm也可剂量依赖性地舒张大鼠主动脉。（4）预先应用α2－肾上腺素能受体（α2－adrenergic receptor,α2－AR）和咪唑啉受体（IR）阻断剂idazoxan(10^-4mol/L)则可完全阻断Agm的上述作用。（5）应用α2－AR拮抗剂yohimbine(10^-4mol/L)可部分阻断Agm对大鼠主动脉的舒张反应,以上结果表明,Agm对大鼠主动脉血管的舒张作用是由α2－AR和IR共同介导。     

胰岛素对离体大鼠胸主动脉血管张力的影响

制备离体大鼠胸主动脉环,分有内皮组和去内皮组,采用离体血管灌流技术,观察胰岛素对去氧肾上腺素（PE）和氯化钾（KCl）预收缩的胸主动脉环收缩张力的影响。结果表明胰岛素对PE预收缩的胸主动脉环产生浓度依赖性的舒张作用,且有内皮组和去内皮组间无显著差异。胰岛素对KCl预收缩的胸主动脉环没有显著影响。胰岛素对PE预收缩的胸主动脉环有非内皮依赖性舒张作用。     

乙醇对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的舒张作用及其机制

目的:观察不同预张力下乙醇对离体大鼠胸主动脉环舒缩作用的影响及其机制.方法:采用离体血管灌流技术,设置不同预张力,记录乙醇作用下离体大鼠胸主动脉环的张力变化.结果:不同预张力下(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0 g),乙醇(0.1‰、0.2‰、0.5‰、0.8‰、1.5‰、3.0‰、7.0‰.)对由KCl(6×10-2mol/L)或苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine,PE,10-6mol/L)预收缩的去内皮血管环产生舒张作用,其中3 g预张力下乙醇舒血管作用最明显;但对内皮完整血管环的舒张作用较弱;在3 g预张力下,最大效应浓度(3‰)的乙醇可使由KCl或PE预收缩的去内皮血管环的CaCl2量效曲线下移,最大反应显著降低:在3 g预张力下,肌浆网ryanodine受体阻断剂钌红(10-5mol/L)及三磷酸肌醇(trisphosphate inositol,IP3)受体阻断剂肝素(50 mg/L)预孵育可减弱乙醇对由PE预收缩的去内皮血管环的舒张作用.结论:乙醇具有不依赖内皮的舒血管作用,3 g预张力下舒血管作用最强.乙醇可能通过抑制血管平滑肌细胞膜上电压依从性和受体操作性钙通道,减少外钙内流,以及抑制肌浆网ryanodine受体和IP3受体途径,减少内钙释放而发挥舒血管作用.     

美皂异黄酮非内皮依赖性血管舒张作用及其机制

目的:探讨植物雌激素美皂异黄酮舒张血管的可能机制。方法:采用MedLab生物信号采集系统记录灌流大鼠胸主动脉环张力变化。结果:美皂异黄酮(10-9~10-4mol/L)对苯肾上腺素(PE,10-5mol/L)预收缩的内皮完整或去内皮血管环均产生浓度依赖性的舒张作用;美皂异黄酮对高浓度氯化钾(KCl,6×10-2mol/L)预收缩的血管环也产生浓度依赖性的舒张作用;四乙胺(TEA,5×10-3mol/L)或格列苯脲(3×10-6mol/L)预处理对美皂异黄酮诱导的去内皮动脉环舒张作用具有明显的抑制效应;在无钙液中,美皂异黄酮抑制PE引起的去内皮主动脉环的短暂收缩。结论:美皂异黄酮的非内皮依赖性血管舒张作用的机制可能涉及血管平滑肌细胞的Ca2+激活K+通道和ATP敏感性K+通道的激活,以及肌浆网内钙离子释放的减少。     

双环醇减轻超氧阴离子诱导的大鼠胸主动脉舒张功能损伤

目的：探讨双环醇（bicyclol）对超氧阴离子（O2）诱导的血管舒张功能损伤的影响。方法：采用离体器官灌流技术,观察bicyclol对离体大鼠胸主动脉环张力的影响。采用焦酚（O2的供体）建立O2损伤模型,观察bicyclol预孵育对氧化应激损伤后血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的改善作用。结果：bicyclol（10-8~10-5mol/L）对由苯肾上腺素预收缩的内皮完整主动脉环产生舒张作用,该作用可被NO合酶抑制剂L-NAME和环氧化酶抑制剂吲哚美辛阻断。500μmol/L焦酚可引起乙酰胆碱诱导的主动脉环内皮依赖性舒张反应减弱,bicyclol（10-5mol/L）预孵育45 min可减轻焦酚的损伤作用。对于吲哚美辛处理的主动脉环,bicyclol（10-5mol/L）可抑制焦酚所致的血管舒张反应降低,但这一效应未见于L-NAME处理的主动脉环。结论：bicyclol具有内皮依赖性舒血管作用,并能对抗O2引起的血管舒张功能损伤,该作用通过NO途径介导。     

香青兰总黄酮对大鼠离体胸主动脉的舒张作用

香青兰(Dracocephalum MoldavicaL.)为传统维吾尔族药材,具有补益心脑之功效,现代研究表明其对冠心病、心绞痛等病具有治疗作用。该文作者采用大鼠离体胸主动脉灌流技术,观察了香青兰总黄酮的血管舒张作用,旨在为阐明其活性物质基础和作用机制提供依据。结果表明:1)10.0～40.0mg/L香青兰总黄酮对内皮完整和去内皮大鼠主动脉环的基础张力没有明显影响。2)10.0～40.0mg/L香青兰总黄酮对去甲肾上腺素(NE,10μmol/L)所致的内皮完整和去内皮血管均有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,对内皮完整血管的舒张作用更强;一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯L-NAME(0.1mmol/L)、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝(10μmol/L)和环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(10μmol/L)预处理均可一定程度上抑制香青兰总黄酮的血管舒张作用,表明血管内皮合成的一氧化氮(NO)信号通路和前列环素(PGI2)信号通路参与了香青兰总黄酮的血管舒张作用。3)香青兰总黄酮预处理去内皮血管环可以抑制细胞外钙内流所致的血管收缩,但对细胞内钙释放所致的血管收缩没有影响,香青兰总黄酮对高钾(60mmol/L KCl)所致血管收缩没有...     

CYP4A抑制剂HET0016对小鼠离体主动脉血管张力的影响

为研究CYP4A抑制剂HET0016对小鼠离体主动脉血管张力的影响,对雄性C57BL/6J小鼠进行脱臼处死后,取主动脉并剪成3~4 mm长的血管环,固定于微血管测定仪的浴槽内,分别用高钾溶液(KCl 60 mmol/L)和去氧肾上腺素(Phe 1μmol/L)进行血管功能性检测,发现二者均能让离体主动脉环产生持续性收缩;然后采用累积给药法观察1μmol/L Phe处理组、60 mmol/L高钾处理组、eNOS抑制剂L-NAME(100μmol/L)和L-钙通道阻滞剂nifedipine(1μmol/L)单独或共同孵育后Phe(1μmol/L)预收缩处理组中不同浓度HET0016对小鼠离体主动脉环张力的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。结果发现,高浓度的HET0016可以舒张高钾和Phe预收缩的内皮完整的主动脉环;对于L-NAME单独孵育后Phe预收缩的内皮完整的主动脉环,只有高浓度的HET0016有显著舒张作用;而对于nifedipine单独孵育以及L-NAME和nifedipine共同孵育后Phe预收缩的主动脉环,HET0016的舒张作用呈明显的浓度依赖性。这些结果显示,HET0016这种舒张作用是多通道的,呈部分的内皮依赖性,但也不是主要通过L-电压门控钙通道产生,只有在高浓度的情况下才开始影响L-电压门控钙通道。     

NO在CCK—8减轻肿瘤坏死因子诱导兔肺动脉反应性变化中的作用

为探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK－8）缓解内毒素休克时肺动脉高压的作用机制,应用离体血管环张力测定技术及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）检测方法,观察了一氧化氮（NO）在CCK－8减轻肿瘤坏死因子－α（tumor necrosis factor-al-pha,TNF-α）的抑制肺动脉内皮依赖性舒张反应中的作用。结果显示：TNF－α（4000U／ml）孵育2h时,肺动脉对10^-6mol/L苯肾上腺素(phenylephrine,PE）和10^-6mol/L乙酰胆碱（ACh）的收缩反应及内皮依赖性舒张反应均无明显变化。TNF－α孵育7或14h时,肺动脉对10^-6mol/L ACh介导的内皮依赖性舒张反应降低,CCK－8（0.5μg/ml）可逆转TNF－α的上述作用,CCK－8本身对正常肺动脉反应性无明显影响。TNF－α、CCK－8对PE引起的收缩反应无显著影响。L－精氨酸（L－Arg）可使TNF－α7h内皮依赖性舒张作用恢复。氨基胍（AG）不影响各组肺动脉对10^-6mol/L ACh的内皮依赖性舒张反应,而使TNF－α组肺动脉环对10^-6mol/L PE的收缩反应显著增加。L－硝基精氨酸（L－NNA）使各组肺动脉环对10^-6mol/L ACh反应由舒张变为收缩,对10^-6mol/L PE的收缩反应显著增强。检测7h各组NOS活性,TNF－α组、TNF－α＋CCK－8组均较对照组显著增加,CCK－8组与对照组比较无显著差异。上述结果提示,CCK－8可逆转TNF－α对内皮依赖性舒张反应的抑制作用,此作用可能与NO有关。     

缺氧复氧对家兔胸主动脉环张力的影响及其机制

生物测定法观察家兔胸主动脉环经缺氧－复氧后血管张力的变化及这种变化与内皮的关系,并初步探讨了缺氧复氧对血管张力影响的机制。结果表明急剧缺氧可使苯肾上腺素（ＰＥ）预收缩的主动脉环出现短暂的收缩,随即自发舒张,复氧后立即舒张,随后持续收缩;去除内皮或经一氧化氮（ｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅ,ＮＯ）合成酶抑制剂Ｎ－硝基－精氨酸－甲基酯（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）或鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂美蓝（ＭＢ）孵育后的血管环,缺氧性收缩反应消除或明显抑制,复氧性舒张也受到明显抑制,而复氧性收缩显著增强;加入ＮＯ合成底物Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）孵育后,有内皮血管环缺氧复氧性张力变化与对照组相比无明显变化。表明缺氧性血管收缩是内皮依赖性的,与ＮＯ释放的迅即减少有关;复氧早期引起的舒张是由于内皮释放ＮＯ引起的,而随后的收缩可能因复氧后大量氧自由基灭活ＮＯ所致。     

蜂胶乙醇提取物(EEP)对豚鼠胸主动脉的舒张作用

目的:探讨蜂胶水提物(WEP)和乙醇提物(EEP)的血管舒张作用。方法:以离体豚鼠胸主动脉环为材料,采用离体实验方法记录血管收缩张力。结果:对于PE(PE,1μM)和KC1(60mM)预收缩的主动脉环,EEP可以剂量依赖地使其舒张。去除内皮后舒张作用减弱,所以这种作用是内皮依赖性的;使用NO合酶抑制剂N-硝基-L-精氨酸(L-NNA,10μM)、鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂(methylene blue,10μM)或者前列腺素合成酶抑制剂(indomethacin,10μM)预处理,血管舒张作用也减弱。这提示EEP的作用可能与血管内皮释放的一氧化氮和前列腺素有关;K~ 通道通用抑制剂TEA(tetraethylammonium chloride,1 mM)的处理对EEP的舒血管作用没有影响,显示EEP对豚鼠动脉环的舒张作用与K~ 通道无关;另外,EEP能使CaCl_2的量效曲线下移,说明EEP可以抑制细胞外Ca~(2 )的内流,同时EEP还可以抑制细胞内Ca~(2 )的释放。结论:蜂胶乙醇提取物EEP能剂量依赖地引起离体豚鼠动脉环舒张。这种舒张作用与K~ 通道无关,但受内皮NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径和前列腺素调控,最终通过降低细胞内Ca~(2 )的浓度舒张血管。     

Vasorelaxant effect of the flavonoid galangin on isolated rat thoracic aorta

Here we investigated the effect of the flavonoid galangin in isolated rat thoracic aortic rings. Galangin (0.1-100 microM) induced relaxation in rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE 1 microM) or with KCl (100 mM) or pre-treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 microM), the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 microM) and the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, SQ 22,536 (100 microM). In another set of experiments, rat aortic rings were incubated with galangin (1-100 microM) and the contractile responses to PE (0.001-3 microM) or to KCl (60 mM) were evaluated. We also evaluated the effect of galangin (100 microM) on PE (10 microM)-induced contraction in a Ca2+-free medium. Galangin relaxed aortic rings with or without endothelium. Galangin effect was significantly inhibited by L-NAME. Galangin inhibited the contractile response to PE, either in presence or in absence of external calcium, and to KCl. In the end, we also found that galangin caused nitric oxide (NO) release from aortic rings and abolished the increase in [Ca2+]i triggered by PE or KCl in aortic smooth muscle cells, either in presence and in absence of external Ca2+. Our results suggest that galangin reduces the contractility of rat aortic rings through an endothelium-dependent mechanism, involving NO, and also through an endothelium-independent mechanism, inhibiting calcium movements through cell membranes.     

Functional characterization of the mechanisms underlying bradykinin-induced relaxation in the isolated rat carotid artery

This work aimed to functionally characterize the mechanisms underlying the relaxation induced by bradykinin (BK) in the rat carotid artery. Vascular reactivity experiments, using standard muscle bath procedures, showed that BK (0.1 nmol/L-3 mumol/L) induced relaxation of phenylephrine-pre-contracted rings in a concentration-dependent manner. Endothelial removal strongly attenuated BK-induced relaxation. HOE-140, the selective antagonist of bradykinin B(2) receptors concentration-dependently reduced the relaxation induced by BK. Pre-incubation of endothelium-intact rings with L-NAME (100 micromol/L), a non-selective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, L-NAME (100 micromol/L), a selective inhibitor of the eNOS or 7-nitroindazole (100 micromol/L), the selective inhibitor of nNOS, reduced BK-induced relaxation. Conversely, 1400 W (10 nmol/L), a selective inhibitor of iNOS, did not alter the relaxation induced by BK. Surprisingly, indomethacin (10 micromol/L) a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX) increased BK-induced relaxation in endothelium-intact but not denuded rings. Neither SQ29548 (3 micromol/L), a competitive antagonist of PGH(2)/TXA(2) receptors nor AH6809 (10 micromol/L), an antagonist of PGF(2alpha) receptors significantly altered the relaxation induced by BK in endothelium-intact rings. The combination of SQ29548 and AH6809 increased BK-induced relaxation. The present study shows that the vasorelaxant action displayed by BK in the rat carotid is mediated by endothelial B(2) receptors and the activation of the NO pathway. The major finding of this work is that it demonstrated functionally that endothelial-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids (probably PGH(2), TXA(2) and PGF(2alpha)) counteract the vasorelaxant action displayed by BK.     

Xanthorrhizol induces endothelium-independent relaxation of rat thoracic aorta

Xanthorrhizol, a bisabolene isolated from the medicinal plant Iostephane heterophylla, was assayed on rat thoracic aorta rings to elucidate its effect and likely mechanism of action, by measuring changes of isometric tension. Xanthorrhizol (1, 3, 10, 30 and 100 microg/mL) significantly inhibited precontractions induced by KCI-; (60mM), noradrenaline (10(-6) M) or CaCl2 (1.0 mM). Increasing concentrations of external calcium antagonized the inhibitory effect on KCl-induced contractions. The vasorelaxing effect of xanthorrhizol was not affected by indomethacin (10 microM) or L-NAME (100 microM) in intact rat thoracic aorta rings precontracted by noradrenaline, which suggested that the effect was not mediated through either endothelium-derived prostacyclin (PGI2) or nitric oxide release from endothelial cells. Endothelium removal did not affect the relaxation induced by xanthorrhizol on rat thoracic aorta rings, discarding the participation of any substance released by the endothelium. Xanthorrhizol inhibitory effect was greater on KCI- and CaCl2-induced contractions than on those induced by noradrenaline. Xanthorrhizol inhibitory effect in rat thoracic aorta is likely explained for interference with calcium availability by inhibiting calcium influx through both voltage- and receptor-operated channels.     

Idoxifene对人乳内动脉的舒张作用

为了研究idoxifene(吲哚昔酚,一种新型雌激素受体调节剂)对人乳内动脉(human internal mammarya artery,HIMA)的舒张作用及其机制,采用离体血管灌流的方法,观察idoxifene对完整内皮和去内皮HIMA的舒张作用,以及L-NAME和美蓝(metllylene blue,MB)对这一过程的影响,并且和17β雌二醇(17β-estradiol,E2)的舒血管作用进行了比较。实验中观察到保留血管内皮时idoxifenc(0．01～10μmol／L)和E2(0．1～100μmol／I,)可以剂量依赖性地舒张血管,且血管对idoxifene的灵敏度比对E2高15倍左右,而去内皮时则无此作用;NO合成酶阻断剂L-NAME和鸟苷酸环化酶(guanylate cyclasc,GC)的抑制剂MB使idoxifene舒张HIMA的作用完全消失。上述结果表明：idoxifene能够剂量依赖性地舒张HIMA,而且比E2更有效。idoxifene的这种作用是通过NO-GC-cGMP通路实现的。     

一氧化碳对大鼠离体肺动脉的舒张作用

本研究观察了一氧化碳 (CO)对离体大鼠肺动脉的舒张作用。制备Wistar大鼠肺动脉环 ,作出ACh浓度效应曲线之后 ,肺动脉环用一氧化氮合成酶抑制剂L NAME 3 0 μmol/L (n =10 )或血红素氧化酶抑制剂ZnPPIX 10μmol/L +L NAME 3 0 μmol/L (n =10 )孵育 3 0min ,再制备一个ACh的浓度效应曲线 ,观察ZnPPIX对ACh的浓度效应曲线的影响。另取一组肺动脉环 ,分为内皮完整组和去内皮组 ,观察外源性CO对肺动脉环张力的影响。结果表明 ,用L NAME孵育后 ,ACh的血管舒张反应受抑 ,最大抑制率为 5 0 4± 9 2 % ;用ZnPPIX +L NAME孵育后 ,ACh的血管舒张反应进一步受抑 ,最大抑制率为 84 4± 11 2 %。外源性CO无论对内皮完整组还是去内皮组肺动脉都有舒张作用。本研究提示 ,ZnPPIX可抑制ACh的内皮依赖性肺动脉舒张反应 ,CO是一个内皮源性的血管舒张因子 ,外源性CO可舒张肺动脉     

三羟异黄酮对离体家兔股动脉张力的影响及其机制

植物雌激素三羟异黄酮（genistein,GST)使离体的预先收缩的动脉舒张,其舒张的机制仍然不完全清楚。本研究旨在观察植物雌激素三羟异黄酮对离体家兔股动脉的作用及其机制,结果如下：（1）在苯肾上腺素（PE,1umol/L)引起血管收缩的基础上,GST（10－40umol/L)剂量依赖性地舒张离体家兔股动脉;（2）去除血管内皮显著地抑制GST引起的舒张;（3）在内皮完整情况下,预先应用NOS抑制剂L－NAME（100umol/L)也可显著地抑制GST引起的舒张,提示GST的舒血管作用是内皮依赖的,并与一氧化氮有关;（4）在内皮完整的扣去除内皮的股动脉环,预先应用L－型钙通道激动剂Bay M8644(0.5umol/L)也显著抑制由GST引起的血管舒张,以上结果表明,GST引起的兔股动脉的舒张是部分内皮依赖的,且与拮抗钙有关。     

Sulfur dioxide relaxes rat aorta by endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms

This study aimed to investigate the vasoactivity of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a novel gas identified from vascular tissue, in rat thoracic aorta. The thoracic aorta was isolated, cut into rings, and mounted in organ-bath chambers. After equilibrium, the rings were gradually stretched to a resting tension. Isometric tension was recorded under the treatments with vasoconstrictors, SO2 derivatives, and various drugs as pharmacological interventions. In endothelium-intact aortic rings constricted by 1 microM phenylephrine (PE), SO2 derivatives (0.5-8 mM) caused a dose-dependent relaxation. Endothelium removal and a NOS inhibitor L-NAME reduced the relaxation to low doses of SO2 derivatives, but not that to relatively high doses (>or=2 mM). In endothelium-denuded rings, SO2 derivatives attenuated vasoconstriction induced by high K+ (60 mM) or CaCl2 (0.01-10 mM). The relaxation to SO2 derivatives in PE-constricted rings without endothelium was significantly inhibited by blockers of ATP-sensitive K+(KATP) and Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels, but not by those of voltage-dependent K+ channels, Na+- K+-ATPase or Na+-Ca2+ exchanger. SO2 relaxed vessel tone via endothelium-dependent mechanisms associated with NOS activation, and via endothelium-independent mechanisms dependent on the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, and the opening of KATP and KCa channels.     

葛根素对抗高糖诱导的血管低反应性的作用及其机制

目的：研究葛根素是否可对抗高糖引起的血管低反应性,并探讨其作用机制。方法：采用血管环离体灌流装置,观察SD大鼠胸主动脉环的收缩反应;测定主动脉胆红素生成量反映血红素加氧酶-1（heme oxygenase-1,HO-1）的活性。结果：①与空白对照组（含11 mmol/L葡萄糖）相比,经44 mmol/L葡萄糖（高糖）孵育血管4 h后,主动脉环对苯肾上腺素（PE）引起的血管收缩反应下降;且该作用通过内皮依赖性途径实现。②葛根素（10-10~10-8mol/L）与高糖联合孵育,可剂量依赖性地改善高糖诱导的血管PE收缩反应的下降。③葛根素孵育血管后可引起血管HO-1活性增高;用ZnPP抑制HO-1的活性后,葛根素抗高糖损伤的作用被取消。结论：葛根素具有对抗高糖引起的血管收缩功能下降的作用,其机制可能是通过诱导HO-1活性增加实现的。