白念珠菌天冬氨酸蛋白酶基因SAP2在大肠杆菌中的表达及产物纯化

目的构建SAP 2重组原核表达载体并表达、纯化出可溶性的蛋白,为抗体制备及Sap2抗原检测奠定基础。方法提取白念珠菌基因组DNA为模板,经PCR方法获取SAP 2目的基因。双酶切SAP 2基因与原核表达载体pMAL-c2x(+),连接酶切产物,转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细菌,筛选菌落和测序鉴定。将pMAL-c2x/SAP2重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达出可溶性的融合蛋白,经直链淀粉树脂亲和层析、蛋白酶Factor Xa切割标签获得纯化的Sap2蛋白。结果经PCR扩增获得正确的SAP 2序列并定向插入原核表达载体pMAL-c2x(+)中。重组原核表达载体pMAL-c2x/SAP2经IPTG诱导14 h后表达出可溶性的融合蛋白,并经纯化、切除标签后得到目的蛋白。结论成功构建了白念珠菌天冬氨酸蛋白酶原核表达质粒pMAL-c2x/SAP2,该质粒在BL21(DE3)中可获得高效融合表达,通过亲和层析纯化及标签切割得到了氨基酸序列同天然蛋白一致的目的蛋白。     

人类博卡病毒(HBoV)非结构蛋白NS1基因的克隆、原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

目的:克隆、表达、纯化人类博卡病毒(HBoV)非结构蛋白NS1,制备抗NS1多克隆抗体。方法:利用PCR扩增HBoV非结构蛋白NS1基因,将其克隆至pMAL-c2X表达载体上,重组质粒转化大肠杆菌DH10B,IPTG诱导表达。表达的融合蛋白经Amylose Resin亲和层析柱纯化后,免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。用间接ELISA法检测抗体效价。结果:原核表达融合蛋白MBP-NS1,并获得了其多克隆抗体,抗体效价达到1∶32000。结论:在原核表达系统中表达、纯化了融合蛋白,制备抗NS1多克隆抗体,为进一步研究该病毒非结构蛋白基因的转录和翻译机制提供可靠的工具。     

杆状病毒P6.9蛋白的表达及自身互作研究

目的:在大肠杆菌中表达苜蓿银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒P6.9蛋白并制备抗体,研究P6.9的自身互作。方法:用PCR方法扩增p6.9基因,将其分别克隆到原核表达载体pMAL-c2x、pGEX-4T-1、pET28a中,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达。选取可溶性较好的融合蛋白纯化后免疫家兔制备抗体。然后利用该抗体进行Western blot检测、分析P6.9的自身互作。结果:构建了pMAL-P6.9、pGEX-P6.9、pET-P6.9三种原核表达质粒,分别在大肠杆菌中经IPTG诱导表达产生了与预期分子量相符的MBP-P6.9(49.4kDa)、GST-P6.9(32.9kDa)、HIS-P6.9(12.5kDa)融合蛋白。制备了P6.9的多克隆抗体,能与P6.9蛋白发生特异反应。Pull-down结果表明P6.9自身互作。结论:获得了兔抗P6.9的多克隆抗体,为深入研究P6.9的功能提供了检测工具。证明了P6.9之间的互作,说明该蛋白功能的发挥可能是通过多聚体起作用的。     

马铃薯Y病毒普通系外壳蛋白基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

将马铃薯Y病毒普通系(PVY0)的外壳蛋白基因克隆到表达质粒pMAL-c2中,构建这一基因在大肠杆菌中的表达载体pMAL-c2-PVY0CP.SDS-PAGE及Western blotting检测结果表明,这一表达栽体在E.coli DH5α中经IPTG诱导可表达分子量为71.8kDa的特异性融合蛋白.以amylose resin亲合柱层析纯化这一融合蛋白为抗原,免疫家兔制备了效价为1:1024的特异性抗血清.用该抗血清可通过对流免疫电泳、免疫双扩散及Western blotting对PVY进行检测.     

麻疯树核糖体失活蛋白Curcin2的原核可溶性表达及其抗真菌活性研究

Curcin2是麻疯树幼苗在真菌侵染、干旱及高低温胁迫下诱导产生的一种核糖体失活蛋白.采用分子克隆的方法,从麻疯树基因组中扩增到Curcin2成熟肽编码基因,分别连接到质粒载体pGEX-6p-1、pMAL-c5E上,转化大肠杆菌最终获得重组菌PGC(pGEX-6p-1-curcin2)和PMC(pMAL-c5E-curcin2).在不同温度、IPTG浓度、时间诱导下,Curcin2在重组菌PGC中均以包涵体形式表达,在重组菌PMC中主要以可溶性融合蛋白形式表达,且蛋白质的表达量与诱导条件相关.重组菌PMC表达可溶性curcin2的优化条件为:温度28℃,IPTG 0.3mmol/L,时间8h,此条件下目的蛋白占总蛋白表达量的30.6％,1L培养物中可获得19.74mg电泳纯的重组蛋白.重组蛋白可被MBP TrapTM HP柱亲和纯化并与curcin抗体发生抗原抗体反应.体外抗真菌活性实验表明,纯化后的curcin2融合蛋白有抑制真菌生长作用,且对小麦赤霉、油菜菌核的抑制作用强于curcin.此蛋白的获得为其相关功能的研究奠定了基础.     

水稻锌指蛋白OsRZ3基因克隆及融合蛋白的原核表达、纯化

根据NCBI登录的水稻锌指蛋白基因(NO.AK062094,OsRZ3 gene)设计特异引物,通过RT-PCR克隆该基因cDNA全长序列,核苷酸测序并比对氨基酸同源性表明具有C2HC-锌指结构域、分析预测蛋白质分子量为34kD和等电点为9.05;拟南芥原生质体亚细胞定位检测表明其在细胞核。构建pGEX6P-3::OsRZ3融合载体,电转化的大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株经1 mmol·L-1IPTG小量诱导表达,SDS-pAGEX蛋白电泳表明60 kD融合蛋白4 h最大;在LB液体培养中0.5 mmol·L-1IPTG过夜大量诱导表达,通过GST吸附柱层析获得大量包涵体纯化蛋白,1L菌液可诱导纯化到浓度1.58 mg·mL-1包涵体融合蛋白。所构建的融合蛋白原核表达系统能有效表达pGEX6P-3::OsRZ3融合蛋白,0.5 mmol·L-1IPTG大量诱导,通过GST柱吸附获得包涵体纯化蛋白,为作进一步的抗体制备和染色质免疫共沉淀等DNA结合的特性研究准备了基础。     

鸡髓样分化因子88的原核表达及单克隆抗体制备

目的:克隆、表达、纯化鸡髓样分化因子88(MyD88),制备其单克隆抗体。方法:从脾脏cDNA中扩增857bp的MyD88基因片段,插入pMAL-c5X表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)获得表达菌株,IPTG诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE分析MBP(麦芽糖结合蛋白)-MyD88重组融合蛋白的表达,切胶纯化目的蛋白;免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备针对MyD88的单克隆抗体,Western印迹检测抗体特异性,制备腹水并进行抗体亚型鉴定和效价测定。结果:构建了鸡MyD88原核表达载体pMAL-MyD88,并在大肠杆菌中获得高表达,目的蛋白以可溶性和包涵体两种形式存在;建立了3株抗鸡MyD88单克隆抗体细胞株,制备了腹水,亚型分别为IgG1、IgG1和IgG2a,轻链均为κ,腹水抗体的效价均为1∶2×105。结论:在原核表达系统中表达、纯化了重组鸡MyD88,制备了针对鸡MyD88的单克隆抗体,为后续的MyD88定量和功能研究奠定了基础。     

登革2型病毒非结构蛋白NS4B的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的：原核表达、纯化登革2型病毒非结构蛋白NS4B,并制备其多克隆抗体,以研究其结构与功能。方法：扩增编码登革2型病毒NS4B的24-238位氨基酸残基的基因序列,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导表达;采用蛋白浸提方法从SDS-PAGE胶中回收融合蛋白;用纯化后的融合蛋白免疫BALB／c鼠制备多克隆抗体,采用间接免疫荧光法检测抗体效价。结果：原核表达了NS4B-GST融合蛋白,并获得了其多克隆抗体,抗体效价为1：800。结论：登革2型病毒NS4B的24-238位氨基酸残基可诱导小鼠产生具有较高效价和特异性的多克隆抗体,这为研究NS4B的结构与功能奠定了基础。     

酸弗林蛋白酶酸性氨基酸簇分选蛋白-1的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

目的：原核表达和纯化PACS-1,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法：通过RT-PCR扩增出PACS-1的编码基因,测序正确后克隆入原核表达载体pGEX4T-1,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,以IPTG诱导PACS-1与GST融合蛋白的表达并经Glutathione Sepharose 4B纯化;经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,应用纯化的蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,用ELISA测定抗体的效价。结果：表达和纯化了PACS-1,并获得了较高效价的抗血清。结论：获得纯化的PACS-1及其多克隆抗体,为进一步研究PACS-1的功能奠定了基础。     

SDHB蛋白的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

SDHB(succinate dehydrogenage complex,subunit B)基因可能介导呼吸链生物功能和调控细胞生长.采用PCR技术扩增出SDHB基因,并将其连接到pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体中,经酶切及测序鉴定后,转化BL21细菌,并用IPTG诱导表达融合蛋白,谷胱甘肽琼脂糖珠亲和纯化,将纯化的融合蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体,并用Western blot检测抗体.获得了SDHB原核表达重组融合蛋白及高效价的特异性兔抗SDHB多克隆抗体,为SDHB进一步的功能研究奠定了基础.     

Synthesis of [11-2H2], [8-2H2], [7-2H2], [6-2H2], [5-2H2], [4-2H2] and [3-2H2] cis-9-octadecenoates

Deuterated oleates have been synthesized by semihydrogenation of acetylenic intermediates. [11-²H₂]Oleate was prepared by two-carbon chain extension of the C₁₆ alcohol obtained from [1-²H₂]octyl bromide and 7-octyn-1-ol. [8-²H₂] and [7-²H₂]oleates were both prepared from dimethyl suberate, tetradeutero intermediate C₁₆ alcohols were synthesized from [1,8-²H₄] and [2,7-²H₄]octane diols by monobromination, conversion to deuterated 9-decyn-1-ols and reaction with octyl bromide. Oxidation gave [8-²H₂]-9-octadecynoate and [2,7-²H₂]-9-octadecynoate, after semihydrogenation of the latter, deuterons at C-2 were removed by exchange with aqueous alkali. [6-²H₂] and [5-²H₂]oleates were obtained from methyl 5-tetradecynoate, semihydrogenation, deuterium exchange at C-2 and two malonate extensions gave [6-²H₂]oleate; reduction with lithium aluminum deuteride, two malonate extensions and semihydrogenation gave the [5-²H₂] ester. [4-²H₂] and [3-²H₂]oleates were both obtained from methyl 7-cis-hexadecenoate, exchange of the α protons and chain extension gave the [4-²H₂] ester and reduction with lithium aluminum deuteride and chain extension gave the [3-²H₂] ester.     

BCL2-CISD2

CISD2, an ER BCL2-associated autophagy regulator also known as NAF-1, is responsible for the human degenerative disorder Wolfram Syndrome 2. In order to interrogate the physiological role of CISD2 we generated and characterized the Cisd2 gene deletion in mice. Cisd2 null mice manifest significant degeneration in skeletal muscle tissues, which is accompanied with augmented autophagy, dysregulated Ca²⁺ homeostasis and elongated mitochondria. Our findings describe a novel role for BCL2-CISD2 in the homeostatic maintenance of skeletal muscle. It remains to be elucidated how and if the antagonism of the BECN1 autophagy-initiating complex and modulation of ER Ca²⁺ homeostasis by BCL2-CISD2 are interconnected.     

Synthesis and physicochemical properties of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl oligonucleotides

We present procedures for nucleoside and oligonucleotide synthesis, binding affinity (Tm) and structural analysis (CD spectra) of 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl and 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl oligothymidylates. Possible reasons for the thermal instability of duplexes formed between these compounds and RNA or DNA targets are discussed.     

Stereospecific 2'-amination and 2'-chlorination of adenosine by Actinomadura in the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin

2'-Amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-chloro-2'-deoxycoformycin (2'-CldCF) are two nucleoside antibiotics produced by Actinomadura. The biosynthesis of these two nucleoside antibiotics has been studied by the addition of [U-14C]adenosine with or without unlabeled adenine to cultures of Actinomadura. By this experimental approach, it is possible to demonstrate that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF. These conclusions are based on the observation that the percentage distribution of 14C in the aglyconic and pentofuranosyl moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were similar to the distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribosyl moieties of the [U-14C]adenosine (i.e., 48:52) added to cultures of Actinomadura. Experimentally, the percentage distribution of 14C in the (i) adenine:2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine is 51:49; (ii) 8-(R)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5-d]-[1,3-diazepin-8-o1]:2 -chloro-2- beta-D-ribofuranose of 2'-CldCF is 45:55; and (iii) adenine:ribose of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura is 42:58. Further proof that adenosine is the direct precursor for the biosynthesis 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF was demonstrated by the addition of 75 mumol of unlabeled adenine together with [U-14C]adenosine to nucleoside-producing cultures of Actinomadura. The percentage distribution of 14C in the aglycon and the sugar moieties of 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-CldCF were 46:54 and 47:53, respectively; the percentage distribution of 14C in the adenine and ribose moieties of the adenosine isolated from the RNA of Actinomadura was 51:49. These data show that the hydroxyl on C-2' of the ribosyl moiety of adenosine undergoes a replacement by a 2'-amino or a 2'-chloro group to form 2'-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine or 2'-CldCF with retention of stereconfiguration at C-2'. Finally, Actinomadura can utilize inorganic chloride from the medium as demonstrated by the isolation of [36Cl]2'-CldCF following the addition of [36Cl]chloride to the culture medium. Mechanisms for the regioselective modification of the C-2' hydroxyl group and stereospecific insertion of the amino and chloro groups are discussed.     

Stereospecific formation of alpha-hydroxycarboxylato oxo peroxo complexes of vanadium(V). Crystal structure of (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O

An overview of structurally characterized alpha-hydroxycarboxylatodioxo- and alpha-hydroxycarboxylatooxoperoxovanadates(V) is presented and the geometric parameters of the V2O2 bridging core are discussed. The first case of a stereospecific formation of oxoperoxovanadates(V) is reported: The crystal structures of the isomeric compounds (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(L-lact)2] x 2H2O and (NBu4)2[V2O2(O2)2(D-lact)(L-lact)] x 2H2O (lact = C3H4O3(2-), the anion of the lactic acid) differ mainly in the arrangement of the V2O2 core and in mutual orientation of the V=O bonds. The complexes with achiral ligands adopt the same structural type as the complexes formed from a racemic mixture of a chiral ligand, while the structure obtained using an enantiopure L,L-hydroxycarboxylate is different.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-Deoxy-d-ribose

An efficient method for the stereoselective synthesis of 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose is described.

The key step in this method was accomplished by the nucleophilic addition of methyl isocyanoacetate to 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde with high erythro-selectivity (nearly 100%).

Subsequent intermolecular cyclization predominantly gave the desired oxazoline derivative (trans-form), in which two new chiral centers were formed. The oxazoline derivative was efficiently converted to both 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-arabinose and 2-deoxy-d-ribose.