Operational Changes in a Shared Resource Laboratory with the Use of a Product Lifecycle Management Approach: A Case Study

Shared Resource Laboratories (SRLs) provide investigators access to necessary scientific and resource expertise to leverage complex technologies fully for advancing high-quality biomedical research in a cost-effective manner. At the University of Nebraska Medical Center, the Flow Cytometry Research Facility (FCRF) offered access to exceptional technology, but the methods of operation were outdated and unsustainable. Whereas technology has advanced and the institute has expanded, the operations at the facility remained unchanged for 35 yr. To rectify this, at the end of 2013, we took a product lifecycle management approach to affect large operational changes and align the services offered with the SRL goal of education, as well as to provide service to researchers. These disruptive operational changes took over 10 mo to complete and allowed for independent end-user acquisition of flow cytometry data. The results have been monitored for the past 12 mo. The operational changes have had a positive impact on the quality of research, increased investigator-facility interaction, reduced stress of facility staff, and increased overall use of the resources. This product lifecycle management approach to facility operations allowed us to conceive of, design, implement, and monitor effectively the changes at the FCRF. This approach should be considered by SRL management when faced with the need for operationally disruptive measures.     

医院实施精细化管理的认识误区与对策

近几年国内医院精细化管理的实施取得了一些成绩,但是在追求科学管理的较高境界过程中,不断有新挑战、新要求、新促进和新变化,精细化管理走进了一系列误区。文章对医院精细化管理的内涵进行了阐述,剖析了医院实施精细化管理的认识误区,提出了科学实施精细化的建议,并列举实例讲解科学实施精细化管理的措施及取得的成效。     

后医改时期医院后勤社会化管理存在的问题与对策

随着医改的深化与推进,医院后勤既有的供给式服务模式弊端日渐突显,旧观念与新形势的冲突引发一系列新型后勤管理问题。因此,要从根本上“治愈”医院后勤管理的顽疾,必须从转变思想开始,进而改革现有的运行机制、人才任用与培养模式和建立完整而有力的规章制度。     

城市生态风险管理关键问题与研究进展

我国目前正处于社会经济转型和城市化进程加快时期,随着城市化发展和城市人居环境的变化,城市生态风险受到越来越多关注。在综述国内外城市生态风险管理研究进展,总结风险源与受体特点和风险评价方法的基础上,结合城市生态风险管理的需求,明确了城市生态风险的管理目标,将管理目标系统归纳划分为控制目标、调控目标和规划目标3个层次;在解析城市生态风险管理特点的基础上,结合风险管理目标从弹性力、动态管理性和空间异质性3个方面对生态风险管理措施与方案进行了总结分析,并进一步探讨了风险管理保障机制。从生态风险管理目标制定、构建城市生态系统特点的风险管理体系及其管理机制等方面提出了建议与展望,以期推动我国城市生态风险管理的发展。     

Best Practice Recommendations for Anesthetic Perioperative Care and Pain Management in Weight Loss Surgery

Objective: To develop evidence‐based recommendations that optimize the safety and efficacy of perioperative anesthetic care and pain management in weight loss surgery (WLS) patients. Research Methods and Procedures: This Task Group examined the scientific literature on anesthetic perioperative care and pain management published in MEDLINE from January 1994 to March 2004. We also reviewed additional data from other sources (e.g., book chapters). The search yielded 195 abstracts, of which 35 references were reviewed in detail. Task Group consensus was used to provide recommendations when evidence in the literature was insufficient. Results: We developed anesthesia practice and patient safety advisory recommendations for preoperative evaluation, intraoperative management, and postoperative care and pain management of WLS patients. We also provided suggestions related to medical error reduction and systems improvements, credentialing, and future research. Discussion: Obesity‐related comorbidities including obstructive sleep apnea place WLS patients at increased risk for complications perioperatively. Regarding perioperative safety and outcomes, conclusive evidence beyond the accepted standard of care in the reviewed literature is limited. Few reports specifically address the perioperative needs of severely obese patients. In this advisory, we synthesize current knowledge and make best practice recommendations for perioperative care and pain management in WLS patients. These recommendations require periodic review as further medical knowledge and evidence evolve.     

A framework for managing and monitoring bush regeneration programs: a case study from Lake Macquarie,NSW

It is widely recognised that effective bush regeneration and ecological restoration programmes must be well planned and require effective management and monitoring. While general guidelines for monitoring are available, few examples of effective site monitoring and reporting exist in practice. The note describes a framework developed for managing and monitoring a bush regeneration programme for coastal NSW and evaluates it against a set of principles for monitoring ecological restoration programmes. The example illustrates how tools could be developed to improve management and monitoring practice.     

面向生态系统服务的森林生态系统经营:现状、挑战与展望

森林生态系统是地球陆地生态系统的主体,它具有很高的生物生产力和生物量以及丰富的生物多样性,对全球生态系统和人类经济社会发展起着至关重要和无可替代的作用。伴随着人口的不断增长和经济社会的迅猛发展,对森林资源和森林生态系统服务的需求不断高涨,而且人类对森林资源价值的认识也发生了很大程度的改变。推进森林资源可持续经营,增加森林总量、提高森林质量、增强生态功能,已成为中国林业可持续发展乃至推进中国生态文明建设和建设美丽中国的战略任务。本文全面综述了森林生态系统经营发展历程,分析了森林生态系统经营的现状和存在问题,在此基础上,提出整合基于生态系统管理与满足现代人类福祉对森林多重需求的新的森林生态系统经营理念,面向生态系统服务的森林生态系统经营理念是未来的发展趋势。森林经营发展战略表现为:1)从单纯的森林面积数量扩张,转变到提高单位面积的森林生产力和森林质量;2)从单一追求木材生产逐步转变为多目标经营,将森林林产品单一的经营目标转变为广泛的生态、经济和社会等多目标经营;3)森林经营重点从林分水平转变为森林景观的经营,强调森林景观的时空异质性和动态变化,权衡和协同多种生态系统的服务功能,倡导森林景观的多样性和连通性,提高森林与其它土地利用模式镶嵌构成的复合景观的可持续性和稳定性,增强森林生态系统对气候变化影响的适应能力;4)森林生态系统经营将从依赖传统经验的主观决策转变为信息化、数字化和智能化的决策,发展森林生态系统经营决策支持系统和森林景观恢复与空间经营规划系统。     

Nutrient Addition Differentially Affects Soil Carbon Sequestration in Secondary Tropical Dry Forests: Early‐ versus Late‐Succession Stages

There is considerable interest in the potential use of soils to sequester carbon for climate change mitigation. As such, there is a need to evaluate the potential for carbon accumulation in tropical regions. We compared the effects of three annual additions of nitrogen and/or phosphorus on soil carbon and nitrogen contents and pools (bulk soil, macro‐, meso‐, and microaggregates) of two regenerating secondary tropical dry forest differing in nutrient status and succession stage (10‐year‐old early‐succession stage and approximately 60‐year‐old late‐succession stage). The selected forest sites were located on a shallow calcareous soil in the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico). The primary production is limited by nitrogen and phosphorus in early‐succession stage and by phosphorus in late‐succession stage. In each forest site, four independent plots (12 × 12 m²) were established, the treatments being: controls and plots fertilized during three consecutive years with nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen plus phosphorus. In both forests, soil carbon and nitrogen contents were consistently high, with soil carbon:nitrogen ratios generally greater than 10. Results indicate that usually there are no significant increases of soil carbon stock associated to late succession but can be increased to 3.7 Mg·ha^?1·yr^?1 with adoption of fertilizer practices. The potential soil carbon sequestration in early‐succession forest was estimated to be 2.7 Mg·ha^?1·yr^?1, and there is no indication that fertilization improves carbon sequestration. In short, results suggest that the soil potential for carbon sequestration in these ecosystems is high and depends on the specific nutrient status of the site.     

医院市场管理体系建设的实践与思考

??????? 目的 探讨医院市场管理体系建设的实践效果。方法 以市场调研为基础,制定医院市场管理体系建设实施方案,实施市场管理规定,最后组织专家进行达标验收。结果 医院的业务量和经营收入大幅提高,社会满意度逐年提高,知名度和美誉度不断提升。结论 市场管理体系建设有利于促进医疗行业市场的发展,促进医院市场经营性和社会公益性兼得。     

“情绪管理”在临床护理管理工作中的应用体会

目的：探讨情绪管理在临床护理管理工作中的应用和效果,为临床护理管理的实践提供指导和帮助。方法：选取我院244名护士为研究对象,随机分为常规管理组和情绪管理组,每组各122名护士。常规管理组采取常规的护理管理模式,情绪管理组则对护士进行情绪调节、以适当方式释放压力等情绪管理方法。比较两组研究对象在解决问题、求助、合理化、退避、自责、幻想等方面的评分情况。结果：实施不同的管理措施后,情绪管理组护士在解决问题、求助、合理化、退避、自责、幻想等方面的得分结果明显优于常规管理组护士的得分结果,差异显著有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：情绪管理对临床护理管理工作的实践具有重要意义,可有效调节护理人员的工作情绪,从而提高临床护理的质量。     

Introduction to the Special Section on “Modeling Sustainable Risk Management”

In recent years, risk management has attracted a great deal of attention from both researchers and practitioners. Risk management practice has required new tools to achieve sustainability when dealing with loss exposure. Sustainable risk management is studied from different silo disciplinary perspectives.     

工作月报制在现代医疗管理中的应用与探索

“痕迹管理”是现代医院管理工作客观要求,北京大学第一医院建立了医疗管理工作月度报告制度,以《医疗管理工作日度报告》为载体,加强医疗管理处室内部组织以及医疗管理团队间的协作,提升了医院医疗管理水平。     

经济管理向生态经济管理的转变

在现代社会中,人类的经济建设以与自然过程相竞争的规模进行着,所造成的生态影响不仅表现在地区生态系统的结构和功能上,也表现在生物圈中,而且还从地球化学循环中显示出来。这种情况,使得现代社会的经济管理,必然由传统的经济管理逐步转变成生态经济管理。     

Deslorelin acetate implant induces transient sterility and behavior changes in male olive baboon (Papio anubis): A case study

This case study evaluates the effects of a 4.7 mg deslorelin acetate implant on one male olive baboon (Papio anubis). Implantation induces transient azoospermia after which the subject was able to conceive again. Behavior was also impacted with a decrease in our proxies of aggressiveness and sexual arousal.     

Using Advancements in Cable-Trapping to Overcome Barriers to Furbearer Management in the United States

ABSTRACT Harvest of furbearers through trapping has been challenged by anti-trapping organizations for centuries, with organizational goals often including prohibition of all forms of trapping. Challenges to trapping may also include dissention among state wildlife agencies, pro-hunting organizations, and pro-trapping organizations. Despite recent efforts by anti-trapping organizations and occasional dissention among consumptive-use groups, national trends in snaring regulations included less restrictive regulations through time. This positive trend may offer opportunities for state wildlife agencies and pro-trapping organizations to enhance the public image of trapping, increase recruitment of trappers, and reverse the increasing trend of wildlife damage and associated costs. We offer support and suggestions to state wildlife agencies and pro-trapping organizations to help achieve these goals, with their partnership likely having a synergistic effect. Although we attempt to illuminate approaches for increasing support for trapping within the constraints of the cultural norms of the United States, we hope our approaches are useful to and promote dialogue in other jurisdictions experiencing similar problems.     

生态系统服务功能管理研究进展

生态系统给人类提供了自然资源和生存环境两个方面的多种服务功能,这些服务功能的可持续供给是经济社会可持续发展的基础.然而,生态系统服务功能从认知走向管理实践面临着严峻挑战,包括:定量测度、多种服务功能权衡、生态系统服务功能多尺度关联、生态系统服务功能与政策设计的结合.针对这些难点,近年来生态系统服务功能管理研究主要集中在以下领域:生态系统服务功能度量;生态系统服务功能与人类福祉的关系;多种生态系统服务功能权衡;生态系统服务功能保护规划;基于生态系统服务功能的生态补偿机制.为了进一步推动生态系统服务功能管理实践,应该进一步加强生态系统服务功能供给的理论研究;增加生态系统服务研究结果表达的多样性;增加与社会学、经济学、人口统计学等领域跨学科研究;进一步探索生态系统服务功能研究的结果如何运用到管理决策中,促进在管理实践中的应用.     

Objectives and Metrics for Wildlife Monitoring

Abstract: Monitoring surveys allow managers to document system status and provide the quantitative basis for management decision-making, and large amounts of effort and funding are devoted to monitoring. Still, monitoring surveys often fall short of providing required information; inadequacies exist in survey designs, analyses procedures, or in the ability to integrate the information into an appropriate evaluation of management actions. We describe current uses of monitoring data, provide our perspective on the value and limitations of current approaches to monitoring, and set the stage for 3 papers that discuss current goals and implementation of monitoring programs. These papers were derived from presentations at a symposium at The Wildlife Society's 13th Annual Conference in Anchorage, Alaska, USA.     

全面预算管理下公立医院的成本管理分析

成本管理是公立医院经济管理不可或缺的关键部分,但是当前我国公立医院的成本管理方面还存在着预算管理与成本核算模式单一、流于表面,医院运行规模庞大,支出过高造成浪费,规章制度不健全,职工成本控制意识淡漠,缺乏内部审计监督机制等问题。建立全面预算管理能使医院有效决策,能有效提高医院职工的成本意识,降低医院的管理成本。在全面预算管理下公立医院应当明确定位成本控制的目标,健全成本控制规章制度,财务部门统一管理,改善医院的资本结构,提高资金使用效益,重视人力成本的管理,树立成本控制的理念,加强内部审计监督,从而进行有效的成本管理。     

生物保护的经济学

生物保护研究已经从保护生物学发展到保护生态学,在社会经济因素对自然保护影响日益广泛深刻的今天,我们应该更加主动地从经济学角度进行生物多样性保护。建立自然保护区是生物多样性就地保护的重要措施之一。目前的自然保护区管理研究基本上是以生物学和生态学为主,缺乏系统的经济学考虑,导致一些自然保护区的管理效果不理想,可持续性受到威胁。本文在回顾生物保护的相关经济学研究的同时,提出保护经济学的概念和研究框架,以期为自然保护区的经济管理提供一种新思路,为管理部门的保护投资决策提供支持。