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1.
Norihiro Shimomura Shigeyuki Murakami Teruyuki Matsumoto Nitaro Maekawa Kozaburo Hasebe 《Mycoscience》2007,48(2):117-121
To obtain a homothallic mutant in Lentinula edodes, basidiospores derived from the common Bmut dikaryon (A1B1mut × A2B1mut) were treated with UV irradiation. Of a total of approximately 5000 monosporous cultures recovered, a single basidiospore
isolate was found to produce the hyphae bearing clamp connections without mating. This mutant strain could form fruit bodies,
and all its single basidiospore isolates developed into colonies with clamp connections. Such homothallic behaviors were transmitted
from the mutant strain to the next generation. During the germination and following hyphal elongation in a single basidiospore
of mutant strain, clamp connections were clearly detected in multicellular hyphae, which contained two nuclei in each cell.
Their clamp connections were morphologically variable, viz., pseudo, abnormal, and true clamps. Amplified fragment length
polymorphism (AFLP) profiles among the basidiospore isolates of mutant strain were identical, indicating that the mutant strain
produced isogenic basidiospore progeny.
Contribution no. 385 from the Tottori Mycological Institute 相似文献
2.
3.
The laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) secreted into solid-state culture by Lentinula edodes were analyzed. The fungus secreted at least two laccases in the solid-state culture. One laccase was purified to a homogeneous
preparation using anion-exchange, hydrophobic, and size-exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the purified
laccase, Lcc6, was a monomeric protein of 58.5 kDa. The optimum pH for enzyme activity was about 3.5, and the laccase was
most active at 40°C. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Lcc6 did not correspond to the sequence of Lcc1, which was previously
purified from L. edodes. Lcc6 had decolorization activity to some chemical dyes. 相似文献
4.
Cloning and Characterization of the Xyn11A Gene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lentinula edodes</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hemicellulose represents a rich source of biomass that can be converted into useful chemical feedstocks. One of the main components of hemicellulose is xylan, a polymer of xylose residues. Xylanase enzymes that hydrolyze xylan are therefore of great commercial interest. We have cloned a gene (xyn11A) that encodes a 283-amino acid xylanase enzyme from the fungus Lentinula edodes. The enzyme has a pI of 4.6 and belongs to the highly conserved glycosyl hydrolase family 11. The xylanase gene was cloned into a Pichia pastoris expression vector that secretes active enzyme into both solid and liquid media. The optimal reaction conditions were at pH 4.5 and 50°C. The enzyme had a Km of 1.5 mg/ml and a Vmax of 2.1 mmol/min/mg. Xyn11A produced primarily xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose from a birchwood xylan substrate. This is the first report on the cloning of a hemicellulase gene from L. edodes. 相似文献
5.
Mating tests among strains of Lentinula edodes distributed in Asia-Australasia were conducted. As a result, 26 strains were classified into three groups: 2 strains from
Mt. Wilhelm in Papua New Guinea (PN1 group) showed intersterility with 7 strains from Mt. Albert Edward and Mt. Kaisenik in
Papua New Guinea (PN2 group) and semicompatibility (clamp formation restricted to contact zone between paired monokaryons)
with 17 strains from Asia-Australasia (AA group), whereas the strains of the PN2 group showed compatibility with the AA group.
These results suggest that the shiitake populations distributed in Asia-Australasia including Papua New Guinea are in the
process of speciation.
Contribution no. 391 from the Tottori Mycological Institute 相似文献
6.
Genetic differences among 18 Lentinula edodes strains isolated from a fallen trunk of Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata were characterized by mating tests and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These strains could be divided into six genets of different mating types. Because the mtDNA of the 18 strains showed four different RFLP genotypes, these strains seemed to have originated from at least 4 distinct parental strains. Strains belonging to the same genet were collected from fruiting bodies located not more than about 1m apart on the fallen tree. Implications of these findings regarding the degree of genetic variation and territory sizes of individual genets of wood-decaying basidiomycetes such as L. edodes are discussed. 相似文献
7.
An-Zheng Li Xue-Feng Xu Fan-Xue Lin Shui-Ming Cheng Fang-Can Lin 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(3):411-415
The edible fungus Lentinula edodes is a heterothallic homobasidiomycete whose mating is controlled by a bifactorial incompatibility mating system determined
by two unlinked factors (the A and B mating-type factors). Although this mechanism is well accepted, there is a lack of understanding about its molecular basis,
as the incompatibility factors have not been cloned and sequenced. In this study, by means of degenerate PCR we obtained one
773 bp DNA fragment cosegregating with B
2 mating-type factor in L. edodes stock HL01. Sequencing analysis revealed that it belonged to a pheromone receptor, suggesting that the genetic basis for
B factor in L. edodes is the same as in the two model mushroom species, Schizophyllum commune and Coprinus cinereus, the structure and function of whose B incompatibility factors have been studied in detail. So far as we know, this is the first report about the cloning of B mating factor in L. edodes. 相似文献
8.
We isolated and characterized the genomic and complementary DNAs encoding a chitin synthase from an edible basidiomycetous
mushroom, Lentinula edodes. The gene (which we designated Lechs1) contains a large open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 1937 amino acid residues. The open reading frame is interrupted
by 14 small introns (49–116 bp). The gene product (LeChs1) consists of a myosin motor-like domain in its N-terminal half and
a chitin synthase domain in its C-terminal half, analogous to the class V and VI chitin synthases of other filamentous fungi.
Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that LeChs1 is classified into class VI chitin synthases. Southern blot analysis indicated
that Lechs1 is a single-copy gene per haploid genome and that L. edodes has no other highly homologous chitin synthase genes. Northern blot analysis revealed that Lechs1 is expressed throughout the whole stages of fruit-body formation of L. edodes, but its expression level gradually declines in a fruit body-maturation-dependent manner with highest expression in vegetative
mycelia and fruit body at the early stage of maturation (immature fruit body). This is the first report on the isolation and
characterization of the gene encoding a chitin synthase with a myosin motor-like domain from basidiomycetes. 相似文献
9.
Submerged mycelium of a xylotrophic basidiomycete Lentinus edodes produces an extracellular glycolipid, S3, associated with a lectin. Galactose glycan residue, as well as the lipid pool composition, which includes nonhydroxylated short-chain fatty acids, is uncommon for basidiomycetes. The glycolipid consists of D-galactopyranose (15% of S3 contains galactose sulfate) acylated by octadecanoic and nonadecanoic fatty acid residues (28 and 72%, respectively). The glycolipid structure and composition are confirmed by physicochemical analysis. The glycolipid is assumed to be a regulator of lectin activity. 相似文献
10.
In the log cultivation of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes), early colonization of this fungus is extremely retarded in living wood tissues, in particular in inner bark tissues. To estimate the viability of inner bark tissues of Quercus serrata, a substrate for log cultivation of Shiitake, we employed a colorimetric assay utilizing a tetrazolium salt (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride, TTC) and investigated the relationships between degree of decrease in viability and increase in growth of L. edodes in the tissues. When the mixtures of different proportions of living and dead tissues were assayed, formazan production was proportional to the percentage of living tissues. When logs dried for various time periods were inoculated with L. edodes, the fungus grew more extensively in tissues with reduced formazan production. These results indicate that the TTC assay is a useful method for estimation of viability and thus can be used to decide the proper timing for inoculation of L. edodes.Contribution no. 372 from the Tottori Mycological Institute 相似文献
11.
A strain of the basidiomycete Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) was newly identified from the mushroom library of Mori Sangyo Co., Ltd., Japan. This strain, named MIL-LEW-M13-1, is capable of forming the fruiting body on sawdust-based medium without a reduction in temperature. Mating experiments with a monokaryotic mycelium of L. edodes strain that does require low temperature for fruiting–body formation suggest that the unique property of the MIL-LEW-M13-1 strain is a dominant trait that can be inherited by its progeny in a nucleus-dependent manner. 相似文献
12.
Lectin preparations have been isolated and purified from the culture liquid of the xylotrophic basidiomycete Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer [Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler]. The culture of L. edodes F-249 synthesizes two extracellular lectins different in composition and physicochemical properties. Extracellular lectin L1 from L. edodes is a glycoprotein of mono-subunit structure with molecular weight of 43 kD. L1 is comprised of 10.5 +/- 1.0% (w/w) carbohydrates represented by glucose (Glc). Extracellular lectin L2 is a proteoglycan of mono-subunit structure with molecular weight of 37 kD. L2 is comprised of 90.3 +/- 1.0% (w/w) carbohydrates represented by Glc (73% of the total mass of the carbohydrate moiety of the lectin molecule) and galactose (Gal) (27% of the total mass of the carbohydrate part of the lectin molecule). The content of Asn in L2 is high, i.e. 42% (w/w) of total amino acids. This fact along with the composition of the carbohydrate part of the molecule (Glc + Gal) allows one to assign L2 to N-asparagine-bound proteins. Both lectins are specific to D-Gal and lactose (Lac) at an equal for L1 and L2 minimal inhibiting concentration of these carbohydrates (2.08 mM Gal and 8.33 mM Lac). Other carbohydrates to which the lectins show affinity are different for the two lectins: Rha (4.16 mM) for L1 and Ara (4.16 mM) and mannitol (8.33 mM) for L2. The purified extracellular lectins of L. edodes are highly selective at recognition of definite structures on the surface of trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes and do not react with the erythrocytes of other animals and humans. 相似文献
13.
ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN), a plant homolog of C-terminal binding protein, controls the polar elongation of leaf cells and the trichome-branching pattern in Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present study, degenerate PCR was used to isolate an ortholog of AN, referred to as LgAN, from larch (Larix gmelinii). The LgAN cDNA is predicted to encode a protein of 646 amino acids that shows striking sequence similarity to AN proteins from other plants. The predicted amino acid sequence has a conserved NAD-dependent 2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase (D2-HDH) motif and a plant AN-specific LxCxE/D motif at its N-terminus, as well as a plant-specific long C-terminal region. The LgAN gene is a single-copy gene that is expressed in all larch tissues. Expression of the LgAN cDNA rescued the leaf width and trichome-branching pattern defects in the angustifolia-1 (an-1) mutant of Arabidopsis, showing that the LgAN gene has effects complementary to those of AN. These results suggest that the LgAN gene has the same function as the AN gene. 相似文献
14.
K. Parvathi R. Naresh Kumar R. Nagendran 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2007,23(5):671-676
Summary Biosorption of manganese from its aqueous solution using yeast biomass Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fungal biomass Aspergillus niger was carried out. Manganese biosorption equilibration time for A. niger and S. cerevisiae were found to be 60 and 20 min, with uptakes of 19.34 and 18.95 mg/g, respectively. Biosorption increased with rise in pH,
biomass, and manganese concentration. The biosorption equilibrium data fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model revealed
that A. niger was a better biosorbent of manganese than S. cerevisiae. 相似文献
15.
Cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) variants with an engineered Mn(II) binding site, including MnCcP [CcP(MI, G41E, V45E, H181D)], MnCcP(W191F), and MnCcP(W191F, W51F), that mimic manganese peroxidase (MnP), have been characterized by resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy. Analysis of the Raman bands in the 200–700 cm–1 and 1300–1650 cm–1 regions indicates that both the coordination and spin state of the heme iron in the variants differ from that of CcP(MI), the recombinant yeast CcP containing additional Met-Ile residues at the N-terminus. At neutral pH the frequencies of the 3 mode indicate that a pure five-coordinate heme iron exists in CcP(MI) whereas a six-coordinate low-spin iron is the dominant species in the CcP variants with the engineered Mn(II) binding site. The H181D mutation, which weakens the proximal linkage to the heme iron, may be responsible for these spectral and structural changes. Raman spectra of the variants CcP(MI, W191F) and CcP(MI, W191F, W51F) were also obtained to clarify the structural and functional roles of mutations at two tryptophan sites. The W51F mutation was found to disrupt H-bonding to the distal water molecules and the resulting variants tended to form transitional or mixed coordination states that possess spectral and structural features similar to that of MnP. Such structural features, with a loosened distal water, may facilitate the binding of H2O2 and increase the rate constant for compound I formation. This effect, in addition to the elimination of an H-bond to ferryl oxygen by the same mutation, accounts for the increased MnP specific activity of MnCcP(W191F, W51F).Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at .Abbreviations CcP
cytochrome c peroxidase
- CcP(MI)
recombinant yeast CcP containing Met-Ile at the N-terminus in addition to the normal wild-type CcP sequence
- HRP
horseradish peroxidase
- MnCcP
CcP(MI, G41E, V45E, H181D)
- MnCcP(W191F)
CcP(MI, G41E, V45E, H181D, W191F)
- MnCcP(W191F, W51F)
CcP(MI, G41E, V45E, H181D, W191F, W51F)
- MnP
manganese peroxidase
- RR
resonance Raman
- WtCcP
wild-type cytochrome c peroxidase 相似文献
16.
Li HB Wu XQ Peng HZ Fu LZ Wei HL Wu QQ Jin QY Li N 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2008,81(2):303-309
At present, more than 100 strains of Lentinula edodes are cultivated on a commercial scale in China. A simple, reliable, and effective method to distinguish some commercial strains
of the superior type from other commercial strains is very important for the Lentinula industry. In this study, 23 commercial strains of L. edodes cultivated widely in China at present were collected and analyzed with randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique.
Three informative dominant sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were developed by designing three pairs
of specific SCAR primers from three sequenced differential RAPD bands, respectively. Based on the three SCAR markers, three
different multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) phenotypes were detected among the 23 studied commercial strains and in
which a multilocus phenotype characterizing a commercial strain Cr02 of the superior type could potentially be used to distinguish
this strain from the other 22 studied commercial strains. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe the development
of a multiplex PCR technique based on SCAR markers for detecting the molecular phenotypes among commercial strains of L. edodes in China. 相似文献
17.
18.
Wen-bin Liao Meng-bin Ruan Bai-ming Cui Nan-fei Xu Jia-ju Lu Ming Peng 《Plant Growth Regulation》2009,58(1):35-45
The aim of the investigation reported here was to assess the role of gibberellin in cotton fiber development. The results
of experiments in which the gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC) was tested on in vitro cultured cotton
ovules revealed that GA is critical in promoting cotton fiber development. Plant responses to GA are mediated by DELLA proteins.
A cotton nucleotide with high sequence homology to Arabidopsis thaliana
GAI (AtGAI) was identified from the GenBank database and analyzed with the BLAST program. The full-length cDNA was cloned from upland
cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Gh) and sequenced. A comparison of the putative protein sequence of this cDNA with all Arabidopsis DELLA proteins indicated that GhRGL is a putative ortholog of AtRGL. Over-expression of this cDNA in Arabidopsis plants resulted in the dwarfed phenotype, and the degrees of dwarfism were related to the expression levels of GhRGL. The deletion of 17 amino acids, including the DELLA domain, resulted in the dominant dwarf phenotype, demonstrating that
GhRGL is a functional protein that affects plant growth. Real-time quantitative PCR results showed that GhRGL mRNA is highly expressed in the cotton ovule at the elongation stage, suggesting that GhRGL may play a regulatory role in cotton fiber elongation. 相似文献
19.
Bacteria with the ability to grow on nitrogen-free media and with nitrogenase activity under aerobic or microaerobic conditions were isolated from sugarcane roots collected from four different agricultural locations in Granada (Spain). Isolates were Gram negative rods and were identified as Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense. Our results suggest that Azotobacter isolates do not have a particular affinity for sugarcane rhizospheres and that, on the contrary, Azospirillum isolates show specific association and perhaps endophytic colonization of sugarcane. However, obligate endophytes (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) were not found in the apoplastic fluid of the stems and macerates extracts of sugarcane tissues with the procedure applied. Population of this microorganism might be in low number in the Spanish sugarcane varieties studied which is also discussed. 相似文献