利用逆转录病毒RNAi载体抑制心肌成纤维细胞分泌纤维连接蛋白

心脏间质纤维化是心室重塑的最重要表现之一, 心肌细胞外基质的过度积聚在其中扮演着重要角色. 纤维连接蛋白是细胞外基质的重要成分之一, 它负责胶原之间的连接、细胞的黏附和增殖等. 纤维连接蛋白主要由心肌成纤维细胞产生. 由于导致心肌细胞外基质过度分泌的因素很多, 单独阻断某一上游途径很难完全抑制由其他途径导致的过度合成. 利用RNAi技术试图在细胞外基质合成的终末途径进行阻断以期达到更为有效的结果. 通过体外合成的双链RNA, 抑制了纤维连接蛋白在血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激下的过度表达, 进而构建带有H1启动子的逆转录病毒载体, 成功地实现了用可稳定表达的shRNA抑制纤维连接蛋白的过度分泌. 该载体也可作为今后进行基因功能快速分析和基因治疗的工具.     

基于逆转录病毒载体构建稳定表达人CD19和荧光蛋白的SW620细胞株

摘要 目的：构建表达人CD19和增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）和荧光素酶（LUC）的SW620细胞株。方法：构建MFG-CD19质粒,进行逆转录病毒载体包装,与MFG-EGFP-P2A-LUC逆转录病毒载体共同转导SW620细胞,筛选出稳定且强表达的单克隆细胞株SW620-CD19-EGFP-LUC并扩大培养。通过流式细胞术与qPCR技术检测细胞CD19的表达、通过荧光素酶法对细胞系表面荧光素酶的表达和细胞系功能进行鉴定。结果：流式检测构建完成的细胞株中CD19阳性的细胞占比为99.9%,EGFP阳性的细胞占比为99.2%;荧光显微镜下能够明显观察到细胞的绿色荧光;qPCR检测结果表明细胞株中CD19的表达水平相比原始细胞株明显上调,并且能够激活CD19 CAR-T细胞对其进行杀伤。结论：成功构建了能够稳定表达人CD19和荧光蛋白的SW620细胞株。     

基因治疗所用的逆转录病毒载体系统

基因治疗所用的逆转录病毒载体系统徐铿,陈诗书（上海第二医科大学生物化学教研组,２０００２５）关键词基因治疗,逆转录病毒载体,包装细胞八十年代初发展的以逆转录病毒为基础的基因转移系统对今天基因治疗的实现起了关键性的作用。目前近５０个基因治疗计划绝大部分...     

一种新的逆转录病毒载体—HIV载体

一种新的逆转录病毒载体——ＨＩＶ载体赖冠华陈诗书（上海第二医科大学人类基因治疗研究中心,上海２０００２５）关键词逆转录病毒载体ＨＩＶ载体逆转录病毒载体具有能有效地将外源基因整合进靶细胞基因组、长期表达外源基因以及病毒包装过程简单的特点,因此成为基因治...     

逆转录病毒载体用于基因治疗的安全性

有复制能力的逆转录病毒感染,插入突变,无关序列进入靶细胞是基因治疗潜在的危险,但造成实际危害的可能性极小,完善逆转录病毒载体系统的设计,提高检测有复制能力的病毒的灵敏度将进一步保证基因治疗的安全性。     

人生长激素基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其对3T3和ES细胞的转化与表达

为了研究生长激素基因在异源细胞中的表达,构建了携带人生长激素基因（ｈＧＨ）的逆转录病毒载体ｐＩＮＳ－ＧＨ,并将其导入小鼠成纤维细胞３Ｔ３和小鼠胚胎干细胞（ＥＳ细胞）ＣＣＥ中。ｐＩＮＳ－ＧＨ转化３Ｔ３细胞,获得了高效表达的克隆,即用放射免疫法检测到克隆培养基中有大量的人生长激素蛋白富积,如ＧＨＳＮＣ２０,富积率高达３７８４ｎｇ／ｍｌ,而且外源基因的整合很稳定。不同的３Ｔ３转化克隆的表达率有显著的差异,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交的结果表明,这种差异与外源基因整合的拷贝数无关。ｐＩＮＳ－ＧＨ转化ＣＣＥ细胞没有获得明显表达的克隆,而且外源基因的整合也不稳定。转化的ＥＳ细胞克隆总ＤＮＡ的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明,ｈＧＨ基因的确整合到细胞基因组中。目前尚未发现明显的外源ＤＮＡ重排的迹象。     

逆转录病毒载体介导的LacZ基因在NIH-3T3细胞中的稳定表达

精原干细胞(SSCs)介导的转基因技术很可能成为制作转基因动物及治疗雄性不育的一条新途径。为了研究逆转录病毒载体介导法转染体外培养SSCs的可行性,用脂质体介导法将携带LacZ基因的重组逆转录病毒载体pLNCL导入包装细胞PA317,用含G418的培养液筛选得到5株稳定转染的产毒细胞。收集这些克隆的产毒上清,过滤后进行倍比稀释,用NIH-3T3细胞通过X-gal染色测定其浓缩前病毒滴度。结果显示,PA3173培养上清中病毒的浓缩前滴度最高,达1.1×103CFU/mL。再将筛选到的稳定转染的NIH-3T3细胞培养至单层,进行X-gal染色检测β-半乳糖苷酶的表达。结果显示,大多数稳定转染的NIH-3T3细胞均为X-gal ,表明这些细胞成功表达了目的基因LacZ。本研究结果为后期工作中用该载体感染体外培养SSCs奠定了基础。     

逆转录病毒载体介导的RNAi抑制乳腺癌细胞BSP基因表达

目的构建抑制人日5P基因表达的RNA干扰逆转录病毒载体,筛选建立稳定抑制BSP表达的MDA-MB-231BO细胞系。方法构建靶向人BSP基因的逆转录病毒重组质粒pSilencer—BSP27、pSilencer—BSP81和pSilencer—BSP100。将其包装成病毒后感染MDA—MB-23180细胞。用RT—PCR和Western印迹检测成功感染细胞（231BO．BSP27、231BO．BSP81、231BO—BSP100细胞）BSP基因的抑制效果。结果双酶切和测序结果显示重组核酸片段序列与设计的序列完全相同。RT—PCR和Western印迹结果显示231BO—BSP27、BO—BSP81和231BO—BSP100细胞BSP基因在mRNA水平和蛋白水平抑制效率分别为：70．8％、79．4％和30．1％：69．3％,75．2％和27．8％。结论成功构建抑制人BSP基因表达的RNAi逆转录病毒载体pSilencer．BSP27、pSilencer．BSP81和pSilencer—BSP100。获得高效稳定抑制BSP表达的231BO—BSP27、231BO．BSP81细胞系。     

Pmscv-Ubc9 逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及产毒细胞系的建立

目的:构建含Ubc9的逆转录病毒表达载体,筛选建立携带该基因的高滴度产毒细胞系,深入研究SUMO化修饰的作用。方法:聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增获取目的基因Ubc9,定向插入逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCVneo,形成重组质粒pMSCV-Ubc9;脂质体法将pMSCV-Ubc9转染逆转录病毒包装细胞PT67;G418筛选产毒细胞克隆,扩大培养产毒细胞克隆,收获病毒感染NIH3T3细胞。结果:限制性酶切和测序鉴定证实Ubc9正确插入逆转录病毒表达载体。G418筛选获得稳定产毒的抗性细胞克隆,收获病毒能有效感染NIH3T3细胞。结论:携带Ubc9基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV-Ubc9构建成功,转染PT67细胞后包装出重组逆转录病毒,进而筛选获得了能转录表达Ubc9的产毒细胞系PT67-Ubc9。     

Efficient and specific down-regulation of prion protein expression by RNAi

Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with an abnormal isoform of the PrPc host-encoded protein. Invalidation of the Prnp gene, that encodes PrPc, led to transgenic mice that are viable, apparently healthy, and resistant to challenge by the infectious agent. These results indicated that a down-regulation of the Prnp gene expression is a potential therapeutic approach. In the present report, we demonstrate that RNAi targeted towards the Prnp mRNA can efficiently and highly specifically reduce the level of PrPc in transfected cells. It, thus, indicates that RNAi is an attractive therapeutic approach to fight against prion diseases.     

鸡源细胞基因沉默及快速筛选的实用型双标记RNAi载体

利用人H1 RNA启动子、EGFP基因及Neomycin抗性基因,构建用于禽类细胞基因持续沉默和快速筛选的实用型RNAi载体。在将pCDNA3.1(+)载体上的SV40启动子替换为鸡源的β-actin启动子后,装入EGFP基因表达框以及用于驱动外源shRNA转录的人H1 RNA启动子,构建成同时具有EGFP和Neomycin抗性双标记的RNAi载体,并为载体引入独特设计的含媒介序列的多克隆位点以方便外源shRNA编码小片断插入后的快速筛选,载体设计非常实用。插入靶向EGFP和sIgM λ基因的shRNA编码序列后分别瞬时转染DF-1和DT40细胞,结果显示靶基因表达得到了明显抑制。联用EGFP和Neomycin双标记快速筛选sIgM λ轻链基因稳定沉默的DT40细胞克隆的结果也证实,H1启动子转录shRNA的干扰效果是高效的,双标记筛选策略不仅有效而且方便、快捷。     

朊蛋白的细胞生物学研究

朊蛋白病是人和牛羊等哺乳动物所患的致命性的神经系统变性疾病,它是由机体内正常的朊蛋白改变构象后所引起的疾病。本综述对朊蛋白在细胞生物学领域的认知和理解进行了归纳总结,阐述了正常和异常朊蛋白的翻译、表达、定位、裂解、转化等一系列过程,是对疾病本质的有益探索。     

Aberrant metal binding by prion protein in human prion disease

Human prion diseases are characterized by the conversion of the normal prion protein (PrP(C)) into a pathogenic isomer (PrP(Sc)). Distinct PrP(Sc) conformers are associated with different subtypes of prion diseases. PrP(C) binds copper and has antioxidation activity. Changes in metal-ion occupancy can lead to significant decline of the antioxidation activity and changes in conformation of the protein. We studied the trace element status of brains from patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). We found a decrease of up to 50% of copper and an increase in manganese of approximately 10-fold in the brain tissues from sCJD subjects. We have also studied the metal occupancy of PrP in sCJD patients. We observed striking elevation of manganese and, to a lesser extent, of zinc accompanied by significant reduction of copper bound to purified PrP in all sCJD variants, determined by the PrP genotype and PrP(Sc) type, combined. Both zinc and manganese were undetectable in PrP(C) preparations from controls. Copper and manganese changes were pronounced in sCJD subjects homozygous for methionine at codon 129 and carrying PrP(Sc) type-1. Anti-oxidation activity of purified PrP was dramatically reduced by up to 85% in the sCJD variants, and correlated with increased in oxidative stress markers in sCJD brains. These results suggest that altered metal-ion occupancy of PrP plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Since the metal changes differed in each sCJD variants, they may contribute to the diversity of PrP(Sc) and disease phenotype in sCJD. Finally, this study also presented two potential approaches in the diagnosis of CJD; the significant increase in brain manganese makes it potentially detectable by MRI, and the binding of manganese by PrP in sCJD might represent a novel diagnostic marker.     

The prion protein family

Although the pivotal implication of the host-encoded Prion protein, PrP, in the neuropathology of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy is known for decades, its biological role remains mostly elusive. Genetic inactivation is one way to assess such issue but, so far, PrP-knockout mice did not help much. However, recent reports involving (1) further studies of these mice during embryogenesis, (2) knockdown experiments in Zebrafish and (3) knockdown of Shadoo, a protein with PrP-like functional domains, in PrP-knockout mice, all suggested a role of the Prion protein family in early embryogenesis. This view is challenged by the recent report that PrP/Shadoo knockout mice are healthy and fertile. Although puzzling, these apparently contradictory data may on the contrary help at deciphering the Prion protein family role through focusing scientific attention outside the central nervous system and by helping the identification of other loci involved in the genetic robustness associated with PrP.     

Reflections on the inhibition of RNAi by cell death signaling

Mutations and most transgenes that induce ectopic cell death in Drosophila will produce an inhibitory effect on RNA interference (RNAi) in adjacent cells. When extensive cell death is sporadically induced using a heat shock promoted-head involution defective (hs-hid) transgene, molecular attributes of this inhibition can be studied. For a Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) RNAi construct, cell death causes a greater accumulation of the mature mRNA and the double stranded RNA with an accompanying reduction in the homologous siRNAs. Endogenous transposable element expression is increased and there is an overall reduction in their corresponding siRNAs. The implications of this finding for the conduct of RNAi and potential reasons for its existence are discussed.     

Targeting prion protein interactions in cancer

ABSTRACT

In recent years, prion protein (PrP^C) has been considered as a promising target molecule for cancer therapies, due its direct or indirect participation in tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to cell death induced by chemotherapy. PrP^C functions as a scaffold protein, forming multiprotein complexes on the plasma membrane, which elicits distinct signaling pathways involved in diverse biological phenomena and could be modulated depending on the cell type, complex composition, and organization. In addition, PrP^C and its partners participate in self-renewal of embryonic, tissue-specific stem cells and cancer stem cells, which are suggested to be responsible for the origin, maintenance, relapse, and dissemination of tumors. Interference with protein–protein interaction has been recognized as an important therapeutic strategy in cancer; indeed, the possible interference in PrP^C engagement with specific partners is a novel strategy. Recently, our group successfully used that approach to interfere with the interaction between PrP^C and HSP-90/70 organizing protein (HOP, also known as stress-inducible protein 1 - STI1) to control the growth of human glioblastoma in animal models. Thus, PrP^C-organized multicomplexes have emerged as feasible candidates for anti-tumor therapy, warranting further exploration.     

Prion protein gene-deficient cell lines: powerful tools for prion biology

Prion diseases are zoonotic infectious diseases commonly transmissible among animals via prion infections with an accompanying deficiency of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) and accumulation of an abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrP(Sc)), which are observed in neurons in the event of injury and disease. To understand the role of PrP(C) in the neuron in health and diseases, we have established an immortalized neuronal cell line HpL3-4 from primary hippocampal cells of prion protein (PrP) gene-deficient mice by using a retroviral vector encoding Simian Virus 40 Large T antigen (SV40 LTag). The HpL3-4 cells exhibit cell-type-specific proteins for the neuronal precursor lineage. Recently, this group and other groups have established PrP-deficient cell lines from many kinds of cell types including glia, fibroblasts and neuronal cells, which will have a broad range of applications in prion biology. In this review, we focus on recently obtained information about PrP functions and possible studies on prion infections using the PrPdeficient cell lines.     

A systematic investigation of production of synthetic prions from recombinant prion protein

According to the protein-only hypothesis, infectious mammalian prions, which exist as distinct strains with discrete biological properties, consist of multichain assemblies of misfolded cellular prion protein (PrP). A critical test would be to produce prion strains synthetically from defined components. Crucially, high-titre ‘synthetic'' prions could then be used to determine the structural basis of infectivity and strain diversity at the atomic level. While there have been multiple reports of production of prions from bacterially expressed recombinant PrP using various methods, systematic production of high-titre material in a form suitable for structural analysis remains a key goal. Here, we report a novel high-throughput strategy for exploring a matrix of conditions, additives and potential cofactors that might generate high-titre prions from recombinant mouse PrP, with screening for infectivity using a sensitive automated cell-based bioassay. Overall, approximately 20 000 unique conditions were examined. While some resulted in apparently infected cell cultures, this was transient and not reproducible. We also adapted published methods that reported production of synthetic prions from recombinant hamster PrP, but again did not find evidence of significant infectious titre when using recombinant mouse PrP as substrate. Collectively, our findings are consistent with the formation of prion infectivity from recombinant mouse PrP being a rare stochastic event and we conclude that systematic generation of prions from recombinant PrP may only become possible once the detailed structure of authentic ex vivo prions is solved.