排风藤中皂苷类化学成分研究

从茄属植物排风藤的全草中分离得到了4个皂苷类化合物,经鉴定分别为:25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(1),5α,25R-螺甾-3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(2),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖基-(1→3)]-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(3),22α,25R-26-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-△5-3β,26-二醇-3-O－β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→4)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4).化合物1-4均为首次从排风藤中分离得到.     

盾叶薯蓣地上部分的三个新甾体皂甙

从盾叶薯蓣Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright地上部分分离鉴定了四个甾体皂甙,经鉴定甙A为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙B为24α-羟基约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙;甙C为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基;甙D为约莫皂甙元-3-O-[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)][β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。前三者为新化合物,分别命名为盾叶皂甙A_1、A_2、A_3(zingiberoside A_1、A_2、A_3),其中盾叶皂甙A_2的甙元为一新甾体皂甙元,命名为盾叶皂甙元(zingiberogenin)。     

传统中药漆姑草（Sagina japonica）中的C-27甾体成分

利用Diaion HP 20及硅胶柱层析进行化合物的分离,从乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到了4个化合物,借助多种光谱技术进行结构鉴定分别鉴定为(25R)-螺甾-5-烯-1β,3β-二醇1-O{O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷-(1→2)-O-[β-D-木糖吡喃糖苷-(1→3)]1β-D-岩藻吡喃糖苷}(ophiopogonin D,1),(25R)-ruscogenin 1-O-[2-O-(乙酰基)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷-(1→2)][β-D-木糖吡喃糖苷-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻吡喃糖苷(2),(25R)-rascogenin 1-O-[3-0-(乙酰基)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷-(1→2)][β-D-木糖吡喃糖苷-(1→3)]-β-D-岩藻吡喃糖苷(3),蜕皮甾酮(4).所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分得.     

裂果薯的化学成分研究——皂甙甲和乙

从裂果薯(Tacca plantaginea Drenth)中分离到甲、乙、丙三个甾体化合物。化物合甲和乙,经光谱解析和化学分析鉴定为两个新甾体皂甙。其中裂果薯皂甙甲(Ⅱ)为一个糖连接方式上不常见的皂甙(约茂皂甙元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)][α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙);裂果薯皂甙乙(Ⅲ)(约茂皂甙元-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1—2)[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙)。丙为豆甾醇甙。     

滇产植物皂素成分的研究——Ⅹ.五指莲的两个新甾体皂甙(1)

从重楼属植物五指莲Paris axialis H.Li.根茎中分离到三个甾体皂甙,经化学降解,质谱,核磁共振谱分析,证明其中两个甙为新的化合物,即偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅰ)和24α-羟基偏诺皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)][α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖(Ⅲ);另一个鉴定为薯芋皂甙元-3-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙(Ⅱ)。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的:研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果:分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(1)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(2)、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(3)和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷(4)。结论:化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

半卧狗娃花中的黄酮类化合物

从半卧狗娃花(Heteropappus semiprost Griers)全草的乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了7个黄酮类化合物,通过波谱分析及化学方法鉴定其结构为:3′,4′,5,7-四羟基黄酮(1),3′-甲氧基槲皮素(2),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(3),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(4),异鼠李亭-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(5),槲皮素-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(6),异鼠李亭-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(7),其中化合物1~5为首次从本属植物中分离得到。     

桂火绳中化学成分的研究

从梧桐科火绳属桂火绳中提取分离到22个化合物,经结构鉴定为:羽扇豆醇(1),白桦脂酸(2),齐墩果酸(3),丁香脂素(4),(+)-异落叶松树脂醇(5),东莨菪内酯(6),对羟基肉桂酸(7),二十七碳酸单甘油酯(8),2-十八烯酸单甘油酯(9),sitoindosideⅡ(10),儿茶素(11),表儿茶素(12),表儿茶素3-O-β-D-吡喃木糖甙(13),山奈酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(14),5,7,4'-三羟基异黄酮(15),4'-O-methylgallocatechin(16),反式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-α-阿拉伯糖甙(17),顺式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-α-阿拉伯糖甙(18),反式-二氢槲皮素-3-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖甙(19),3,5,7,3',5'-五羟基-4'-甲氧基异黄酮(20),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖甙(21),以及槲皮素3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(6→1)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(22),这些化学成分首次从该属植物中分离出来。     

太白米中的甾体生物碱苷

对太白米的叶、大鳞茎和小鳞茎进行了化学成分系统预试,从大鳞茎中分离得到4个甾体生物碱苷,通过对其IR、FABMS、SIMS、1^HNMR、13^CNMR、DEPT、HMQC、HMBC和1^H-1^H COSY的综合解析鉴定了其中3个结构,它们分别为茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅱ)、茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)和茄次碱-3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-(1→2)-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→3)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(IV)。     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的：研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（1）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（2）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（3）和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-（1→3）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（4）。结论：化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.