Molecular and physiological comparison of Azospirillum spp. isolated from Rhizoctonia solani mycelia, wheat rhizosphere, and human skin wounds

Four phenotypically similar bacterial strains isolated from fungal, plant, and human sources were identified as Azospirillum species. Strains RC1 and LOD4 were isolated from the mycelium of the apple root pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG 5 and from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in apple orchard soil, respectively. Strains C610 and F4626 isolated from human wounds were previously misclassified as Roseomonas genomospecies 3 and 6. All four strains demonstrated close similarities in 16S rRNA gene sequences, having > or =97% identity to Azospirillum brasilense type strain ATCC 29145 and <90% identity to Roseomonas gilardii, the Roseomonas type strain. Extensive phenotypic similarities among the four strains included the ability of free-living cells to fix N2. Cells of strains RC1, LOD4, and C610 but not of strain F4626 could be induced to flocculate by incubation with 10 mmol.L-1 glycerol or fructose in medium containing 0.5 mmol.L-1 NO3-. Our results indicate a wide range of potential sources for Azospirillum spp. with the isolation of Azospirillum spp. from human wounds warranting further investigation.     

Geobacillus thermoleovorans subsp. stromboliensis subsp. nov., isolated from the geothermal volcanic environment

A novel thermophilic, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium, designated strain PizzoT, was isolated from geothermal volcanic environment. Samples were collected from the Pizzo sopra la Fossa site at Stromboli Island (Eolian Islands, south of Italy) at the high altitude of 918 m. Cells of strain PizzoT were rod-shaped and stained Gram-positive. Growth was observed between 50 and 75 degrees C (optimum 70 degrees C) and at pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum pH 7.0). NaCl (0.4%, w/v) supported growth and among the hydrocarbons tested none induced growth. The G+C content of the DNA was 54.1 mol% and the sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the new isolate was phylogenetically closely related to the members of the Bacillus rRNA Group 5. DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed a borderline similarity between the new isolate and Geobacillus thermoleovorans DSM 5366T (69.8%) and Geobacillus kaustophilus DSM 7263T (63.4%). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and physiological traits of the isolate, it should be described as a new member of the Geobacillus thermoleovorans species and it is proposed that strain PizzoT can be classified as Geobacillus thermoleovorans subsp. stromboliensis, subsp. nov. (ATCC BAA-979T; DSM 15393T).     

Paenibacillus donghaensis sp. nov., a xylan-degrading and nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from East Sea sediment

A Gram-positive and endospore-forming strain, JH8T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment and identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic analyses. According to a phylogenetic analysis, the most closely related species was Paenibacillus wynnii LMG 22176T (96.9%). Strain JH8T was also facultatively anaerobic and grew optimally at 20-25degreesC. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, and the DNA G+C content was 53.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and Paenibacillus wynnii LMG 22176T was 7.6%, indicating that strain JH8T and P. wynnii belong to different species. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain JH8T would appear to belong to a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus donghaensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain =KCTC 13049T=LMG 23780T).     

Methanol utilization by a novel thermophilic homoacetogenic bacterium,Moorella mulderi sp. nov., isolated from a bioreactor

A thermophilic, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium (strain TMS) was isolated from a thermophilic bioreactor operated at 65 degrees C with methanol as the energy source. Cells were gram-positive straight rods, 0.4-0.6 microm x 2-8 microm, growing as single cells or in pairs. The temperature range for growth was 40-70 degrees C with an optimum at 65 degrees C. Growth was observed from pH 5.5 to 8.5, and the optimum pH was around 7. The salinity range for growth was 0-45 g NaCl l(-1 )with an optimum at 10 g l(-1). The isolate was able to grow on methanol, H(2)-CO(2 )(80/20%, v/v), formate, lactate, pyruvate, glucose, fructose, cellobiose and pectin. The bacterium reduced thiosulfate to sulfide. The G+C content of the DNA was 53 mol%. Comparison of 16S rRNA genes revealed that strain TMS is related to Moorella glycerini (96%, sequence similarity), Moorella thermoacetica (92%) and Moorella thermoautotrophica (92%). On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic differences, strain TMS is proposed as a new species within the genus Moorella, Moorella mulderi sp. nov. (=DSM 14980, =ATCC BAA-608).     

Halomonas alkalitolerans sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacteriun isolated from soda meadow saline soil in Daqing, China

A moderately halophilic bacterial strain 15-13(T), which was isolated from soda meadow saline soil in Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province, China, was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The cells of strain 15-13 were found to be Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and motile. The required growth conditions for strain 15-13(T) were: 1-23% NaCl (optimum, 7%), 10-50°C (optimum, 35°C), and pH 7.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 9.5). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C(18:1) ω7c (60.48%) and C(16:0) (13.96%). The DNA G+C content was 67.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons indicated that strain 15-13(T) clustered within a branch comprising species of the genus Halomonas. The closest phylogenetic neighbor of strain 15-13(T) was Halomonas pantelleriensis DSM 9661(T) (98.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between the novel isolated strain and H pantelleriensis DSM 9661(T) was 33.8%. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain 15-13(T) represents a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas alkalitolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain for this novel species is 15-13(T) (=CGMCC 1.9129(T) =NBRC 106539(T)).     

Roseomonas alkaliterrae sp. nov., isolated from an alkali geothermal soil sample in Tengchong,Yunnan, south-west China

An alkalitolerant, thermotolerant and Gram-stain negative bacterium, designated strain YIM 78007^T, was isolated from an alkaline geothermal soil sample from Hehua hot spring, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. Cells of strain YIM 78007^T were observed to be aerobic and short rod-shaped. The colonies were observed to be orange-red, convex and circular. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain YIM 78007^T clustered with members of the genus Roseomonas (with similarities from 97.2 to 92.2 %). Optimal growth of strain YIM 78007 occurs at 40–50 °C and pH 8.0–10.0. The predominant ubiquinone was identified as Q-10 and the major fatty acids were identified as C_18:1 ω7c and C_16:0. The polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids and one unknown phospholipid. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 63 mol %. The levels of DNA–DNA hybridization relatedness between strain YIM 78007^T and its closet neighbours (Roseomonas lacus JCM 13283^T and Roseomonas terrae JCM 14592^T) were well below the threshold required for the proposal of a novel species. The results of physiological and biochemical characteristics, the phylogenetic analysis, as well as low DNA–DNA hybridization values, allowed the phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain YIM 78007^T from its closest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, strain YIM 78007^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas alkaliterrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78007^T (=BCRC 80644^T = JCM 19656^T).     

Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus sp. nov., a xylanolytic-cellulolytic bacterium isolated from sludge in an anaerobic digester

A mesophilic, facultative, anaerobic, xylanolytic-cellulolytic bacterium, TW1(T), was isolated from sludge in an anaerobic digester fed with pineapple waste. Cells stained Gram-positive, were spore-forming, and had the morphology of straight to slightly curved rods. Growth was observed in the temperature range of 30 to 50°C (optimum 37°C) and the pH range of 6.0 to 7.5 (optimum pH 7.0) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone with seven isoprene units (MK-7). Anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), anteiso-C(17:0), and C(16:0) were the predominant cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 49.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA showed that strain TW1(T) belonged within the genus Paenibacillus and was closely related to Paenibacillus cellulosilyticus LMG 22232(T), P. curdlanolyticus KCTC 3759(T), and P. kobensis KCTC 3761(T) with 97.7, 97.5, and 97.3% sequence similarity, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization values between the isolate and type strains of P. cellulosilyticus LMG 22232(T), P. curdlanolyticus KCTC 3759(T), and P. kobensis KCTC 3761(T) were found to be 18.6, 18.3, and 18.0%, respectively. The protein and xylanase patterns of strain TW1(T) were quite different from those of the type strains of closely related Paenibacillus species. On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic analyses, phylogenetic data and the enzymatic pattern presented in this study, strain TW1(T) should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus xylaniclasticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TW1(T) (=NBRC 106381(T) =KCTC 13719(T) =TISTR 1914(T)).     

Rheinheimera aquatica sp. nov., an antimicrobial activity producing bacterium isolated from freshwater culture pond

A bacterial strain designated GR5(T) was isolated from freshwater culture pond in Taiwan during the screening of bacteria for antimicrobial compounds and characterized using the polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain GR5(T) was Gram-negative, aerobic, greenish-yellow colored, rod-shaped, and motile by means of a polar single flagellum. Growth occurred at 10-40 degrees C (optimum, 35 degrees C), at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum pH 8.0) and with 0-2.0% NaCl (optimum, 0.5-1.0%). The major fatty acids were C(16:1) omega7c (36.3%), C(16:0) (16.6%), C(12:0) 3-OH (12.5%) and C(18:1) omega7c (9.1%). The major respiratory quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 51.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain GR5(T) belonged to the genus Rheinheimera and its most closely neighbours were Rheinheimera texasensis A62-14B(T) and Rheinheimera tangshanensis JA3-B52(T) with sequence similarities of 98.1 and 97.5%, respectively. The sequence similarities to any other recognized species within Gammaproteobacteria were less than 96.5%. The mean level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain GR5(T) and R. texasensis A62-14B(T), the strain most closely related to the isolate, was 26.5 +/- 7.6 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain GR5(T) should be classified as representing a novel species, for which the name Rheinheimera aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GR5(T) (= BCRC 80081(T) = LMG 25379(T)).     

Gracilibacillus quinghaiensis sp. nov., isolated from salt-lake sediment in the Qaidam Basin, north-west China

A motile, Gram-positive, slightly halophilic, endospore-forming, catalase- and oxidase-positive, obligately aerobic, slender rod-shaped bacterium, strain YIM-C229T was isolated from the sediment of a salt lake in the Qaidam Basin, north-west China. Filamentous forms were present throughout the growth cycle. Strain YIM-C229T grew in the presence of 0.5-8% NaCl and at pH 6.0-8.5, with optimum growth at 1-3% NaCl and pH 7.0-7.5. It grew at 4-45 degrees C, with optimum growth at 37 degrees C. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, C16:0, iso-C15:0, C16:1 omega11c and anteiso-C(17:0). The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7, and diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol were the polar lipids, with meso-diaminopimelic acid occurring in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM-C229T was closely related to the type strains of the four recognized species of the genus Gracilibacillus: G. halotolerans NN T (sequence similarity 95.5%), G. dipsosauri DD1T (96.1%), G. orientalis XH-63T (96.8%) and G. boraciitolerans T-16X(T) (99.1%). The DNA-DNA relatedness between strain YIM-C229(T) and G. boraciitolerans DSM 17256(T) was 30.8%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics, chemotaxonomic differences and DNA-DNA hybridization data supported the view that this strain represented a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus, for which the name Gracilibacillus quinghaiensis sp. nov. is proposed, with YIM-C229T (=DSM 17858T=CGMCC 1.6304T) as the type strain.     

Geobacillus toebii subsp. decanicus subsp. nov., a hydrocarbon-degrading, heavy metal resistant bacterium from hot compost

A thermophilic, spore-forming bacterial strain L1(T) was isolated from hot compost "Pomigliano Environment" s.p.a., Pomigliano, Naples, Italy. The strain was identified by using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. L1(T) resulted in an aerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped, thermophilic with an optimum growth temperature of 68 degrees C chemorganotrophic bacterium which grew on hydrocarbons as unique carbon and energy sources and was resistant to heavy metals. The G+C DNA content was 43.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) analysis of L1(T) and related strains showed that it forms within Geobacillus toebii, a separate cluster in the Geobacillus genus. The composition of cellular fatty acids analyses by Gas-Mass Spectroscopy differed from that typical for the genus Geobacillus in that it is lacking in iso-C15 fatty acid, while iso-C16 and iso-C17 were predominant. Isolates grew on a rich complex medium at temperatures between 55-75 degrees C and presented a doubling time (t(d)) of 2 h and 6 h using complex media and hydrocarbon media, respectively. Among hydrocarbons tested, n-decane (2%) was the more effective to support the growth (1 g/L of wet cells). The microorganism showed resistance to heavy metal tested during the growth. Furthermore, intracellular alpha-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase enzymatic activities were detectable in the L1(T) strain. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, fatty acid analysis and results from DNA-DNA hybridization, we propose assigning a novel subspecies of Geobacillus toebii, to be named Geobacillus toebii subsp. decanicus subsp. nov., with the type strain L1(T) (=DSM 17041=ATCC BAA 1004).     

Assignment of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Pseudomonas</Emphasis> sp. strain E-3 to<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Pseudomonas psychrophila</Emphasis> sp. nov., a new facultatively psychrophilic bacterium

A facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, previously described as Pseudomonas sp. strain E-3, has been reassigned by phenotypic characterization, chemotaxonomic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization, and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis. The organism was a gram-negative, aerobic. straight rod with polar flagella. It was catalase positive and oxidase positive, able to grow at -1 degree C but not at 40 degree C, and produced acid from D-glucose under aerobic conditions. The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone-9, and the DNA G + C content was 57.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the bacterium is a member of the genus Pseudomonas and was closest to Pseudomonas fragi. Determination of the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain E-3 and P. fragi revealed too low a level of homology (47.9%-51.3%) to identify them as the same species. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis, and DNA-DNA relatedness data, it is concluded that strain E-3 represents an individual species. Accordingly, the name Pseudomonas psychrophila is proposed. The type strain is E-3T (= JCM 10889).     

表型特征结合基因组分析鉴定不同菌落形态Bacillus velezensis ACCC 19742

在中国农业微生物菌种中心(ACCC)菌株的定期转接保藏过程中,发现解淀粉芽孢杆菌ACCC 19742在同一培养基上出现两种不同的菌落形态,将这两个不同形态的菌株编号为19742-1和19742-2。通过形态学、生理生化及基因组分析相结合鉴定不同菌落形态ACCC 19742,并进一步确定该菌株的分类地位。首先将菌株进行分离与纯化,其次将纯化后的菌株进行16S rRNA及gyrB基因扩增及序列分析,通过MEGA 7.0软件构建系统发育树;API 20NE、BIOLOG及脂肪酸等分析菌株的生理生化特性;全基因组分析菌株的ANI和DDH值。两株菌在API 20NE中,仅葡萄糖酸盐同化反应存在差异;脂肪酸检测中主要组成相同,仅是百分含量方面略有差别;两株菌的16S rRNA基因相似性为100%,gyrB基因的相似性为99.4%;全基因组测序表明,两株菌的ANI值为99.95%,DDH值为99.62%。综合遗传学特征和表型特征,证实两者为来源于同一菌株不同的形态变异型,而并非污染所致。同时,19742-1和19742-2与Bacillus velezensis NRRL_B 41580~T的ANI及DDH值最高,分别为97%和77%,且16S rRNA和gyrB系统进化分析也表明,该菌株在分类地位上属于贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),而非解淀粉芽孢杆菌。这为菌株的保藏提供了一定的参考价值。     

Bacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from an oyster in South China Sea

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JSM 099021^T, was isolated from an oyster collected from Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. Growth occurred with 0?C15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2?C4%) and at pH 6.0?C10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 10?C45°C (optimum 30?C35°C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 39.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 099021^T belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus halmapalus (sequence similarity 99.0%), Bacillus horikoshii (98.4%) and Bacillus cohnii (98.0%). The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA?CDNA hybridization, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the proposal that strain JSM 099021^T represents a new species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain was JSM 099021^T (=DSM 23010^T = KCTC 13713^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Roseomonas aeriglobus</Emphasis> sp. nov., isolated from an air-conditioning system

A novel pale pink-coloured, strictly aerobic, Gram-stain negative bacterial strain, designated strain KER25-12^T, was isolated from a laboratory air-conditioning system in South Korea. Cells were observed to be non-motile cocci showing positive catalase and oxidase reactions. Strain KER25-12^T was found to grow at 10–30 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 4.0–9.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–7.0) and in the presence of 0–2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). Ubiquinone-10 and spermidine were detected as the sole respiratory quinone and the predominant polyamine, respectively. The major fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (comprising C_18:1 ω7c and/or C_18:1 ω6c), summed feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c), C_16:0 and C_18:0. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain KER25-12^T was determined to be 70.0 mol%. The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified aminolipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain KER25-12^T belongs to the genus Roseomonas and shows high sequence similarity to Roseomonas aerilata 5420S-30^T (98.57%), Roseomonas pecuniae N75^T (97.44%) and Roseomonas vinacea CPCC 100056^T (97.40%). Based on the morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain KER25-12^T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Roseomonas, for which the name Roseomonas aeriglobus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KER25-12^T (= KACC 19282^T = JCM 32049^T).     

Pukyongia salina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae

A Gram-negative aerobic bacterium, designated RR4-38T, was isolated from a biofilter in a seawater recirculating aqua-culture system (RAS) in Busan, South Korea. The bacteria were irregular, short, rod-shaped, non-motile, oxidase-positive, and catalase-negative. Growth of the strain RR4-38T was observed at 15–35·C (optimum, 25–30·C), pH 5.5–9.5 (optimum, pH 8.0), and in the presence of 0–5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain RR4-38T formed a distinct lineage with close genera Ulvibacter (≤ 95.01% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), Aureitalea (94.74%), Aureisphaera (≤ 93.27%), and Jejudonia (93.07%) that all belong to the family Flavobacteriaceae. Whole-genome sequence comparison revealed that the ANI (average nucleotide identity) and digital DDH (DNA-DNA hybridization) values between strain RR4-38T and the two closest strains, Ulvibacter antarcticus DSM 23424T and Aureitalea marina S1-66T, were 68.96–69.88% and 17.4–19%, respectively. The genome analysis revealed that the strain might be involved in biodegradation of organic debris produced by farmed fish in aquaculture systems. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone MK-6 and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (26.5%), iso-C17:0 3-OH (16.4%), iso-C15:1 G (15%), and iso-C16:0 3-OH (9.6%). The major cellular polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified aminolipids, and glycolipids. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic features, strain RR4-38t represents a novel genus and species in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Pukyongia salina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RR4-38T (= KCTC 52651T = DSM 108068T).     

Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Vibrio aestuarianus subsp. francensis subsp. nov., a pathogen of the oyster Crassostrea gigas

Eleven Vibrio isolates invading the hemolymph of live and moribund oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected in the field and from a hatchery in France, were characterized by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and toxR genes indicated high homogeneity between these strains and the Vibrio aestuarianus type strain (ATCC35048(T)), and confirmed previous 16S rRNA analysis. In contrast, DNA:DNA hybridization was from 61% to 100%, while phenotypic characters and virulence tests showed a large diversity between the strains. Nevertheless, several common characters allowed the isolates to be distinguished from the reference strain. On the basis of several distinct phenotypic characteristics, it is proposed to establish two subspecies within the V. aestuarianus spp. group, V. aestuarianus subsp. aestuarianus [D. Tison, R. Seidler, Vibrio aestuarianus: a new species from estuarine waters and shellfish, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. (1983) 699-702] and V. aestuarianus subsp. francensis for these French isolates. The characters that differentiate the new strains from V. aestuarianus subsp. aestuarianus(T) are virulence (positive for 63% of the isolates) and 12:0 fatty acid content. The colonies were smaller and uncoloured, whereas no growth occurred at 35 degrees C or on TCBS, and the strains did not utilize several substrates, including L-serine, alpha-cyclodextrin, D-mannitol, alpha-glycyl-L-aspartic acid, L-threonine and glucose-1-phosphate.     

Characterization of the psychrotolerant acetogen strain SyrA5 and the emended description of the species Acetobacterium carbinolicum

A psychrotolerant, obligate anaerobic, acetogenic bacterium designated strain SyrA5 was isolated from black anoxic sediment of a brackish fjord. Cells were Gram-positive, non-sporeforming rods. The isolate utilized H(2)/CO(2), CO, fructose, glucose, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, pyruvate, lactate, betaine and the methyl-groups of several methoxylated benzoic derivatives such as syringate, trimethoxybenzoate and vallinate. The optimum temperature for growth was 29 degrees C, whilst slow growth occurred at 2 degrees C. The strain grew optimally with NaCl concentrations below 2.7% (w/v), but growth occurred up to 4.3% (w/v) NaCl. Growth was observed in the range from pH 5.9 to 8.5, optimum at pH 8. The G+C content was 44.1 mol%. Based upon 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation studies, the organism was classified in the genus Acetobacterium. Strain SyrA5 shared a 16S rRNA sequence similarity with A. carbinolicum of 100%, a fthfs gene (which codes for the N5,N10 tetrahydrofolate synthetase) sequence identity of 98.5-98.7% (amino acid sequence similarities were 99.4-100%) and a RNA-DNA hybridization homology of 64-68%. Despite a number of phenotypic differences between strain SyrA5 and A. carbinolicum we propose including strain SyrA5 as a subspecies of A. carbinolicum for which we propose the name Acetobacterium carbinolicum subspecies kysingense. The type strain is SyrA5 (=DSM 16427(T), ATCC BAA-990).     

Chimaereicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-negative alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a nonsaline alkaline groundwater

A Gram-negative bacterium designated AC-74(T) was isolated from a highly alkaline groundwater environment (pH 11.4). This organism formed rod-shaped cells, is strictly aerobic, catalase and oxidase positive, tolerates up to 3.0% NaCl, has an optimum growth temperature of 30 degrees C, but no growth occurs at 10 or 40 degrees C, and an optimum pH value of 8.0, but no growth occurs at pH 7.0 or 11.3. The predominant fatty acids are iso-15:0, iso-17:1 omega9c and 16:1 omega7c and or iso-15:2OH. The G+C content of DNA was 43.5mol%. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences of the 16s RNA genes indicated that strain AC-74(T) belongs to the family "Flexibacteriaceae" and is phylogenetically equidistant ( approximately 94.5%) from the majority of the species of the genus Algoriphagus and from the genus Hongiella. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinct phenotypic characteristics, we are of the opinion that strain AC-74(T), represents a new species of the novel genus for which we propose the name Chimaereicella alkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov.     

Roseomonas musae sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from a banana phyllosphere

A Gram-negative, coccobacilli, non-spore forming and non-motile bacterium, designated PN1^T, was isolated from a banana leaf collected in Mattra island, Thailand. This isolate was observed to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0, and to grow with 0–3 % NaCl. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain PN1^T is closely related to members of the genus Roseomonas, exhibiting the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Roseomonas aestuarii JC17^T (96.5 %). The DNA G + C content of strain PN1^T was determined to be 69.7 mol %. Based on physiological and biochemical tests, and genotypic differences between strain PN1^T and the validly named species of the genus Roseomonas, it is proposed that the strain be classified as a new species of Roseomonas for which the name Roseomonas musae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PN1^T (= BCC 44863^T = NBRC 107870^T).     

Microbiological characterization of a new strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis K-205

Bacteriocin-producing strain Lactococcus lactis K-205 with antibacterial activity up to 2,700 IU/ml (calculated on nisine-producing activity) was isolated from Buryat beverage kurunga. Using genotypic analysis of oligonucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene, the strain was identified as L. lactis subsp. lactis. 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequence of K-205 strain was deposed in GenBankdatabase under the number EF 114305. New K-205 strain as compared with museum nisine-producing strain L. lactis subsp. lactis had wider spectrum of bactericidal as well as fungicidal activity which is a rare characteristic for the natural isolates of this microorganism.