共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
S. A. Kopyl N. V. Dorogova E. M. Akhmametyeva L. V. Omelyanchuk L. -S. Chang 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(3):276-282
The protein Merlin is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in the eyes and wings of Drosophila and is a homolog of the human protein encoded by the Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene whose mutations cause auricular nerve tumors. Recent studies show that Merlin and Expanded cooperatively regulate the
recycling of membrane receptors, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). By performing a search for potential
genetic interactions between Merlin (Mer) and the genes important for vesicular trafficking, we found that ectopic expression in the wing pouch of the clathrin adapter
protein Lap involved in clathrin-mediated receptor endocytosis resulted in the formation of extra vein materials. On the one
hand, coexpression of wild-type Merlin and lap in the wing pouch restored normal venation, while overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant Mer
DBB
together with lap enhanced ectopic vein formation. Using various constructs with Merlin truncated copies, we showed the C-terminal portion
of the Merlin protein to be responsible for the Merlin-lap genetic interaction. Furthermore, we showed that the Merlin and Lap proteins colocalized at the cortex of the wing imaginal
disc cells. 相似文献
2.
Guimond N Bideshi DK Pinkerton AC Atkinson PW O'Brochta DA 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2003,268(6):779-790
Transposable elements are being developed as tools for genomics and for the manipulation of insect genotypes for the purposes of biological control. An understanding of their transposition behavior will facilitate the use of these elements. The behavior of an autonomous Hermes transposable element from Musca domestica in the soma and germ-line of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated using the method of transposon display. In the germ-line, Hermes transposed at a rate of approximately 0.03 jumps per element per generation. Within the soma Hermes exhibited markedly non-random patterns of integration. Certain regions of the genome were distinctly preferred over others as integration targets, while other regions were underrepresented among the integration sites used. One particular site accounted for 4.4% of the transpositions recovered in this experiment, all of which were located within a 2.5-kb region of the actin5C promoter. This region was also present within the Hermes element itself, suggesting that this clustering is an example of transposable element "homing". Clusters of integration sites were also observed near the original donor sites; these represent examples of local hopping. The information content (sequence specificity) of the 8-bp target site was low, and the consensus target site resembles that determined from plasmid-based integration assays. 相似文献
3.
Extensive research has been carried out to understand how circadian clocks regulate various physiological processes in organisms.
The discovery of clock genes and the molecular clockwork has helped researchers to understand the possible role of these genes
in regulating various metabolic processes. In Drosophila melanogaster, many studies have shown that the basic architecture of circadian clocks is multi-oscillatory. In nature, different neuronal
subgroups in the brain of D. melanogaster have been demonstrated to control different circadian behavioural rhythms or different aspects of the same circadian rhythm.
Among the circadian phenomena that have been studied so far in Drosophila, the egg-laying rhythm is unique, and relatively less explored. Unlike most other circadian rhythms, the egg-laying rhythm
is rhythmic under constant light conditions, and the endogenous or free-running period of the rhythm is greater than those
of most other rhythms. Although the clock genes and neurons required for the persistence of adult emergence and activity/rest
rhythms have been studied extensively, those underlying the circadian egg-laying rhythm still remain largely unknown. In this
review, we discuss our current understanding of the circadian egg-laying rhythm in D. melanogaster, and the possible molecular and physiological mechanisms that control the rhythmic output of the egg-laying process. 相似文献
4.
Molecular cloning of the DIP1 gene located in the 20A4-5 region has been performed from the following strains with the flamenco phenotype: flam SS (SS) and flam MS (MS) characterized by a high transposition rate of retrotransposon gypsy (mdg4), flam py + (P) carrying the insertion of a construction based on the P element into the region of the flamenco gene, and flamenco +. The results of restriction analysis and sequencing cloned DNA fragments has shown that strains flam SS , flam MS considerably differ from flam py + (P), and flamenco + in the structure of DIP1. Strains flam SS and flam MS have no DraI restriction site at position 1765 in the coding region of the gene, specifically, in the domain determining the signal of the nuclear localization of the DIP1 protein. This mutation has been found to consist in a nucleotide substitution in the recognition site of DraI restriction endonuclease, which is transformed from TTTAAA into TTTAAG and, hence, is not recognized by the enzyme. This substitution changes codon AAA into AAG and is translationally insignificant, because both triplets encode the same amino acid, lysine. The DIP1 gene of strains flam SS and flam MS has been found to contain a 182-bp insertion denoted IdSS (insertion in DIP1 strain SS); it is located in the second intron of the gene. The IdSS sequence is part of the open reading frame encoding the putative transposase of the mobile genetic element HB1 belonging to the Tc1/mariner family. This insertion is presumed to disturb the conformations of DNA and the chromosome, in particular, by forming loops, which alters the expression of DIP1 and, probably, neighboring genes. In strains flamenco + and flam py + (P), the IdSS insertion within the HB1 sequence is deleted. The deletion encompasses five C-terminal amino acid residues of the conserved domain and the entire C-terminal region of the putative HB1 transposase. The obtained data suggest that DIP1 is involved in the control of gypsy transpositions either directly or through interaction with other elements of the genome. 相似文献
5.
Y. Yasinskiy L. V. Omelyanchuk O. V. Zhuk I. A. Kozeretska 《Cytology and Genetics》2016,50(3):158-161
We studied a set of Drosophila melanogaster strains that could be potentially suitable for testing a variety of mutagenic factors. Their genomes contained insertions of the enhancer trap P {lacW}-in which the activity of the LacZ reporter is under the control of the reparation genes’ regulatory region. We demonstrated that the beta-galactosidase reporter, which is encoded by insertion of P {lacW} element in the gene mus209, is induced by irradiation in the cells of the salivary glands and wing imaginal discs. Despite the fact that the reporting coloration is not associated with the dose of radiation treatment, we found that the induction threshold of the reporter is different for these tissues. Thus, coloration in salivary glands is detectable after the dose of 200 rad and above, whereas the imaginal discs get colored with 500 rads and above. Thereby, multiple thresholds for induction of the reporter in the various tissues allow approximating the received dose. 相似文献
6.
Giordano E Peluso I Rendina R Digilio A Furia M 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2003,268(5):692-697
The conversion of pyruvoyl-H(4)-pterin to pyrimidodiazepine (PDA), which is an essential step in the biosynthesis of the red components of Drosophila eye pigments known as drosopterins, requires the products of the genes sepia and clot. While the product of sepia has been shown to correspond to the enzyme PDA-synthase, the role of clot remains unknown, although the clot(1) allele was one of the first eye-color mutants to be isolated in Drosophila melanogaster,and much genetic and biochemical data has become available since. Here we report the cloning of the clot gene, describe its molecular organization and characterize the sequence alterations associated with the alleles cl(1) and cl(2). The coding properties of the gene show that it encodes a protein related to the Glutaredoxin class of the Thioredoxin-like enzyme superfamily, conserved members of which are found in human, mouse and plants. We suggest that the Clot protein is an essential component of a glutathione redox system required for the final step in the biosynthetic pathway for drosopterins. 相似文献
7.
Guowen Duan Robert B. Saint Chris A. Helliwell Carolyn A. Behm Peter M. Waterhouse Karl H. J. Gordon 《Transgenic research》2010,19(6):1121-1128
Drosophila melanogaster, along with all insects and the vertebrates, lacks an RdRp gene. We created transgenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster in which the rrf-1 or ego-1 RdRp genes from C. elegans were placed under the control of the yeast GAL4 upstream activation sequence. Activation of the gene was performed by crossing
these lines to flies carrying the GAL4 transgene under the control of various Drosophila enhancers. RT–PCR confirmed the successful expression of each RdRp gene. The resulting phenotypes indicated that introduction
of the RdRp genes had no effect on D. melanogaster morphological development. 相似文献
8.
Sina Saari Ana Andjelković Geovana S. Garcia Howard T. Jacobs Marcos T. Oliveira 《BMC developmental biology》2017,17(1):9
Background
Mitochondrial alternative respiratory-chain enzymes are phylogenetically widespread, and buffer stresses affecting oxidative phosphorylation in species that possess them. However, they have been lost in the evolutionary lineages leading to vertebrates and arthropods, raising the question as to what survival or reproductive disadvantages they confer. Recent interest in using them in therapy lends a biomedical dimension to this question.Methods
Here, we examined the impact of the expression of Ciona intestinalis alternative oxidase, AOX, on the reproductive success of Drosophila melanogaster males. Sperm-competition assays were performed between flies carrying three copies of a ubiquitously expressed AOX construct, driven by the α-tubulin promoter, and wild-type males of the same genetic background.Results
In sperm-competition assays, AOX conferred a substantial disadvantage, associated with decreased production of mature sperm. Sperm differentiation appeared to proceed until the last stages, but was spatially deranged, with spermatozoids retained in the testis instead of being released to the seminal vesicle. High AOX expression was detected in the outermost cell-layer of the testis sheath, which we hypothesize may disrupt a signal required for sperm maturation.Conclusions
AOX expression in Drosophila thus has effects that are deleterious to male reproductive function. Our results imply that AOX therapy must be developed with caution.9.
E. V. Burdina N. V. Adonyeva N. E. Gruntenko I. Yu. Rauschenbach 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2016,52(6):626-629
The effect of strong hypomorphic mutation of the insulin-like protein gene (dilp6) on metabolism of octopamine (one of the main biogenic amines in insects) was studied in Drosophila melanogaster males and females. The activity of tyrosine decarboxylase (the key enzyme of octopamine synthesis) and the activity of octopamine-dependent N-acetyltransferase (the enzyme of its degradation) were measured. It was demonstrated that the activity of both studied enzymes is decreased under normal conditions in the dilp641 mutants (as we previously demonstrated, this is correlated with an increased level of octopamine). It was also found that hypomorphic mutation of the dilp6 gene decreases the intensity of tyrosine decarboxylase response to heat stress. Thus, it was demonstrated for the first time that insulin-like DILP6 protein in drosophila influences the level of octopamine (regulating the activity of the enzyme degrading octopamine). 相似文献
10.
The endosymbiotic α-proteobacteria Wolbachia is widely spread among arthropods and Filariidae nematodes. This bacterium is transmitted vertically via a transovarian route. Wolbachia is a cause of several reproductive abnormalities in the host species. We analyzed the isofemale lines created using flies collected from Drosophila melanogaster natural populations for infection with the endosymbiont Wolbachia. Wolbachia were genotyped according to five variable markers: the presence of insertion sequence IS5 in two loci, the copy number of two minisatellite repeats, and an inversion. Overall, 665 isofemale lines isolated from the populations of D. melanogaster from Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Caucasus, Central Asia, Ural, Udmurtia, Altai, West and East Siberia, and Far East in 1974 through 2005 were used in the work. The samples from Ukrainian, Altaian, and Middle Asian populations were largest. The infection rate of D. melanogaster populations from Middle Asia, Altaian, and Eastern Europe (Ukraine, Moldavia, and Belarus) with Wolbachia amounted to 64, 56, and 39%, respectively. The D. melanogaster population from the Caucasus displayed heterogeneity in the genotypes of this cytoplasmic infection. The Wolbachia genotype wMel, detected in all the populations studied, was the most abundant. The genotype wMelCS2 was always present in the populations from Middle Asia and Altai and was among the rare variants in the D. melanogaster populations from the Eastern Europe. Single instances of the Wolbachia genotype wMelCS occurred in a few flies from the Central Asian and Altai populations, but was not found this genotype in the other regions. 相似文献
11.
Background
Hormones frequently guide animal development via the induction of cascades of gene activities, whose products further amplify an initial hormonal stimulus. In Drosophila the transformation of the larva into the pupa and the subsequent metamorphosis to the adult stage is triggered by changes in the titer of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. singed wings (swi) is the only gene known in Drosophila melanogaster for which mutations specifically interrupt the transmission of the regulatory signal from early to late ecdysone inducible genes. 相似文献12.
L. N. Nefedova M. V. Potapova N. I. Romanova A. I. Kim 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2009,45(2):177-182
13.
Eric P. Caragata Kathryn M. Real Myron P. Zalucki Elizabeth A. McGraw 《Symbiosis (Philadelphia, Pa.)》2011,54(1):55-60
Wolbachia pipientis is a commonly occurring endosymbiont with well-characterised effects on host reproductive biology associated with its infection
of the gonads. Wolbachia infections are also widespread in somatic tissues and consequently they have the potential to play a much broader role in
host biology. Recently, Wolbachia was shown to alter the locomotion of Drosophila melanogaster in response to food cues in the laboratory. To determine whether this laboratory-based phenotype might translate to real
differences for insects in the field, we performed a simple mark-release-recapture experiment with Wolbachia-infected D. melanogaster in a forested habitat. We demonstrate that infected flies are recaptured at twice the rate of uninfected flies, although
infection does not affect the distance traveled by those flies recaptured. The differences in recapture could be explained
by infection-induced changes in physiology or behavior. If generalizable, such changes may affect the interpretation of behavioral
studies for Wolbachia-infected insects and have potential implications for the dynamics of Wolbachia infections in natural populations, including situations where Wolbachia-infected insects are being released for biological control. 相似文献
14.
15.
Young-Joon Lee Hye-Jeong Jang In-Young Chung You-Hee Cho 《Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea)》2018,56(8):534-541
Non-mammalian infection models have been developed over the last two decades, which is a historic milestone to understand the molecular basis of bacterial pathogenesis. They also provide small-scale research platforms for identification of virulence factors, screening for antibacterial hits, and evaluation of antibacterial efficacy. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster is one of the model hosts for a variety of bacterial pathogens, in that the innate immunity pathways and tissue physiology are highly similar to those in mammals. We here present a relatively simple protocol to assess the key aspects of the polymicrobial interaction in vivo between the human opportunistic pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, which is based on the systemic infection by needle pricking at the dorsal thorax of the flies. After infection, fly survival and bacteremia over time for both P. aeruginosa and S. aureus within the infected flies can be monitored as a measure of polymicrobial virulence potential. The infection takes ~24 h including bacterial cultivation. Fly survival and bacteremia are assessed using the infected flies that are monitored up to ~60 h post-infection. These methods can be used to identify presumable as well as unexpected phenotypes during polymicrobial interaction between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus mutants, regarding bacterial pathogenesis and host immunity. 相似文献
16.
Kammermeier L Spring J Stierwald M Burgunder JM Reichert H 《Development genes and evolution》2003,213(8):412-415
The human SPG4 locus encodes the spastin gene, which is responsible for the most prevalent form of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia (AD-HSP), a neurodegenerative disorder. Here we identify the predicted gene product CG5977 as the Drosophila homolog of the human spastin gene, with much higher sequence similarities than any other related AAA domain protein in the fly. Furthermore we report a new potential transmembrane domain in the N-terminus of the two homologous proteins. During embryogenesis, the expression pattern of Drosophila spastin becomes restricted primarily to the central nervous system, in contrast to the ubiquitous expression of the vertebrate spastin genes. Given this nervous system-specific expression, it will be important to determine if Drosophila spastin loss-of-function mutations also lead to neurodegeneration. 相似文献
17.
18.
Apitz H Kambacheld M Höhne M Ramos RG Straube A Fischbach KF 《Development genes and evolution》2004,214(9):453-459
19.
Pascal Montoro Sébastien Lagier Christelle Baptiste Benjamin Marteaux Valérie Pujade-Renaud Julie Leclercq Laurence Alemanno 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(1):55-63
In this article we describe the identification of endophytic bacteria belonging to three groups isolated from shoot tip cultures
of banana cv. Grand Naine in a recent study (Thomas et al. 2008) based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequence homology analysis. The first group included banana stocks that displayed obvious
colony growth on MS based tissue culture medium during the first in vitro passage. The second group constituted stocks that
were tissue index-negative for cultivable bacteria initially but turned index-positive after a few to several (4–8) in vitro
passages while the third group formed one sub-stock that turned index-positive after about 18 passages. The organisms belonged
to about 20 different genera comprising of α, β, γ-proteobacteria, Gram-positive firmicutes and actinobacteria. Visibly expressing easily cultured organisms during the first
in vitro passage included Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Ochrobactrum, Pantoea, Staphylococcus and Bacillus spp. Organisms of second group that were not detected or non-culturable originally constituted Brevundimonas, Methylobacterium, Alcaligenes, Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium, Staphylococcus, Oceanobacillus and Bacillus spp. while the third group that turned cultivable after extended in vitro culturing included mostly non-filamentous actinobacteria
(Brachybacterium, Brevibacterium, Kocuria and Tetrasphaera spp.). The identification results suggested that the endophytes of second and third groups were not strictly obligate or
fastidious microbes but those surviving in viable but-non-culturable (VBNC) state and displaying gradual activation to cultivable
form during continuous tissue culturing. Several of the organisms isolated are known as beneficial ones in agriculture while
some organisms have possible implications in human health. The use of tissue cultures for isolating uncommon endophytes is
discussed.
Supply of live bacterial cultures or genetic material for research purpose is subject to their revival from glycerol stocks
(as some of the organisms showed poor tolerance) and the requestor obtaining written permission from the Director General,
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi-110001. 相似文献
20.
We have studied the molecular characteristics of the yellow locus (y; 1–0.0), which determines the body color of phenotypically wild-type and mutant alleles isolated in different years from geographically distant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. According to the Southern blot, data restriction maps of the yellow locus of all examined strains differ from one another, as well as from Oregon stock. FISH analysis shows that, in the neighborhood of the yellow locus in the X chromosome, neither P nor hobo elements are found in y1–775 stock, while only hobo is found in these region in y1–859 and y1–866 stocks, only the P element is found in y+sn849 stock, and both elements are found in y1–719 stock. Thus, all yellow mutants studied are of independent origin. Locus yellow located on the end of X chromosome (region 1A5–8 on the cytologic map) carries significantly more transposon than retrotransposon induced mutations compared to the white locus (region 3C2). It is possible that, at the ends of Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes, transposons are more active than retrotransposons. 相似文献