布比卡因局部阻滞治疗输尿管结石所致肾绞痛60 例的临床观察

目的:比较药物治疗与布比卡因局部阻滞治疗输尿管上段结石所致的肾绞痛的临床疗效。方法:选择输尿管结石患者共120例。随机分成药物治疗组(M组)与局部阻滞组(B组)各60例,其中药物治疗组采用杜冷丁加阿托品治疗,局部阻滞组采用布比卡因行痛区局部阻滞,两组年龄、性别均无统计学差异,比较两组患者治疗的总有效率、不良反应、镇痛起效时间、缓解时间等疗效指标。结果:局部阻滞组治疗的总有效率大于药物治疗组,不良反应也比药物治疗组少。疼痛起效时间及缓解时间,局部阻滞组均明显短于药物治疗组。结论:布比卡因局部阻滞治疗输尿管上段结石所致的肾绞痛临床疗效明显优于以杜冷丁加阿托品为代表的药物治疗。     

氯丙嗪联合间苯三酚治疗顽固性肾绞痛的疗效观察

目的观察间苯三酚联合氯丙嗪治疗顽固性肾绞痛的疗效及安全性。方法采用氯丙嗪联合间苯三酚对阿托品、颅痛定、曲马多、哌替啶、吗啡等治疗无效的顽固性肾绞痛的治疗,并与对照组进行比较。结果治疗组有效率99.2%,疼痛消失时间、临床症状缓解时间均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论氯丙嗪联合间苯三酚对顽固性肾绞痛的临床治疗效果显著,主要副作用为头晕、乏力、低血压。     

妊娠合并子宫肌瘤临床诊治分析

目的探讨妊娠合并子宫肌瘤的临床治疗方法。方法对我院2007年11月~2010年11月收治的76例妊娠合并子宫肌瘤患者的资料进行分析。结果胚胎停育或难免流产6例,阴道分娩12例,剖宫产58例,其中53例剖宫产术中行子宫肌瘤剔除术。结论妊娠合并子宫肌瘤对孕妇及胎儿的生长发育有一定的影响,要加强孕期监测,选择适宜的分娩方式;剖宫产术中尽量剔除子宫肌瘤。     

上尿路结石患者行经皮肾镜手术术后发热的影响因素研究

目的:探讨经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)治疗上尿路结石术后发热的影响因素。方法:回顾性分析在我院行经PCNL治疗的89例上尿路结石患者的病例资料,分别对患者的性别、年龄、术前肾积水的程度、结石的大小、尿培养的结果、手术持续的时间以及术中灌注液等情况进行分析,探讨其与PCNL术后发生发热的相关性。结果:本组资料中,发热(38℃)人数为19人,占21.3%。其中,术前尿培养阳性、结石直径大于3 cm、合并中度及中度以上肾积水、手术持续时间长、灌注液用量多的上尿路结石患者PCNL术后发热的几率明显升高(P0.05)。而年龄、性别与上尿路结石患者PCNL术后发热的几率无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:术前预防性应用广谱抗生素、术中低压灌注、缩短手术时间、术前穿刺引流等都是预防上尿路结石患者PCNL术后发生发热的有效措施。     

速尿在肾绞痛患者B超检查中的应用

目的 探讨静脉推注速尿在肾绞痛患者B超检查中的应用.方法对78例肾绞痛患者静脉推注速尿10~20 mg,15~20 min膀胱充盈后行B超检查.结果 78例患者全部膀胱充盈,适合行B超检查,均能清晰显示结石的部位、大小.结论 肾绞痛患者静脉推注速尿能在短时间内充盈膀胱,协助明确诊断,且使用简单、方便、安全,具有一定的临...     

赖氨匹林和654—2治疗肾绞痛的比较

赖氨匹林组与６５４—２组各４０例,对肾石致肾绞痛的疗效,赖氨匹林组总有效率（９２．５％）、显效率（７２．５％）和镇痛起效时间（１５±５．８）ｍｉｎ与６５４—２组比较分别为７０．０％、２２．５％、（２６±１０．４）ｍｉｎ,差异具有高度显著性（３项指标均为Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明赖氨匹林治疗肾绞痛的疗效明显优于６５４—２。     

妊娠合并尖锐湿疣临床诊治分析及对妊娠结局的影响

目的:探讨妊娠合并尖锐湿疣的临床特点、治疗效果、复发情况及对妊娠结局的影响.方法:对71例妊娠合并尖锐湿疣(观察组)及86例非妊娠合并尖锐湿疣患者(对照组)采用二氧化碳激光进行治疗并对临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:观察组疣体直径≥0.5 cm、疣体≥10个、合并念珠菌感染及合并2种及以上病原体感染的比例明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).观察组复发率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).观察组无不良妊娠结局发生,新生儿预后情况好.结论:二氧化碳激光治疗妊娠期尖锐湿疣安全有效,尖锐湿疣对妊娠结局及新生儿无明显影响.     

侧卧位经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜下取石治疗上尿路结石56例报道

目的:探讨侧卧位施行经皮肾微造瘘输尿管镜下取石(MPCNL)治疗上尿路结石方法及疗效。方法:回顾分析56例上尿路结石侧卧位施行PCNL治疗的临床资料,其中肾铸形结石33例,输尿管上段结石23例。结果:56例均手术成功,无穿刺失败或中转开放手术。一次结石取净率80%,两次手术合计达96%。术中均无输血,无肠道损伤等并发症。结论:侧卧位施行MPCNL手术患者易耐受,手术更安全,术中碎石易排出。效果良好。     

输尿管镜治疗妊娠期输尿管下段结石并顽固性肾绞痛的护理

妊娠合并尿道结石临床较少见,发病率约为1：2500～1：1500但其诊断、治疗和护理较为棘手。输尿管镜碎石术操作局限在泌尿系腔内,且妊娠期输尿管相对较大,只要操作轻柔细致和护理得当,手术创伤对孕妇和胎儿的影响很小,几乎没有产科并发症。我科2004年4月-2008年5月收治19例此类患者并行输尿管镜下机械弹导碎石术。现将护理体会总结如下。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗上尿路结石

目的:探讨微创经皮肾取石术(MPCNL)治疗上尿路结石的效果.方法:分别应用激光碎石术和气压弹道超声碎石术通过经皮肾镜通道治疗76例、82例上尿路结石,分析比较其结石清除率、出血量、手术时间等指标.结果:①微创经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石术Ⅰ期结石清除率为95.12%,高于激光碎石术的88.16%Ⅰ期结石清除率,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).②气压弹道超声碎石术平均手术时间(74 min)和平均出血量(35 ml),显著少于激光碎石术的平均手术时间(92 min)和平均出血量(65 ml),差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).③两种治疗方法在造瘘管置留时间、平均住院时间、积水好转率、术后复发率上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:微创经皮肾镜气压弹道超声碎石术相较于微创经激光碎石术在上尿路结石治疗中更为安全有效.     

16例孕妇毒蛇咬伤的临床治疗和研究

目的　探讨抗蛇毒血清、蛇毒素对孕妇及胎儿的影响。　方法　将 193例蛇伤妇女随机分为 2组 ,孕妇组 (治疗组 ) 16例 ,非孕妇组 (对照组 ) 177例。两组均采用抗蛇毒血清、抗生素治疗。治疗组结合中药治疗 ,对照组配合激素 ,改善微循环及抗过敏药物治疗。防治血清反应措施 ,两组在用药时间和药物选择上均有严格区别。　结果　治疗组与对照组的治愈率分别为 87.50 % ( 14 /16 )和 89.83% ( 159/177) ;好转率分别为 12 .50 % ( 2 /16 )和 10 .17% ( 18/177)。两组临床疗效比较 ,差异均无显著性意义 ( P>0 .0 5)。治疗组与对照组的血清反应率分别为 12 .5% ( 2 /16 )和 1.6 9% ( 3/177)。两组血清反应率比较 ,治疗组明显高于对照组 ,差异有极显著性意义 ( P <0 .0 1)。治疗组中新生儿全部存活 ,无溶血性贫血 ,也未发现缺陷和畸形 ,各项生理指标均正常。　结论　临床证实 ,国产精制抗蛇毒血清制品纯度高、质量好、中和力强、副作用少 ,是治疗孕妇毒蛇咬伤的安全特效药物。孕妇抗生素的选择和抗过敏等药物的应用一定要坚持孕期用药的基本原则。     

侧卧体位下经皮肾穿刺取石术联合经尿道输尿管镜取石术治疗复杂上尿路结石的临床应用价值

目的：探讨侧卧体位下经皮肾穿刺取石术联合经尿道输尿管镜取石术治疗复杂上尿路结石的可行性及临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析2009年8月至2011年9月我院采用侧卧体住下经皮肾穿刺取石术联合经尿道输尿管镜取石术治疗复杂上尿路结石患者52例的临床资料：患者同时存在肾脏铸型结石或多发结石和或输尿管上段结石,单个结石最大径8-30mm。结果：平均手术时间60分钟（50—120分钟）;术前血红蛋白116±30g／L,术后第一天复查105±26g／L,无大出血需要输血病例;一次结石取净率为86．5％（45／52）,总取净率为92．3％（48／52）。结论：侧卧体位下经皮肾穿刺取石术及经尿道输尿管镜取石术两种术式联合应用具有可行性及互补性,在预防及减少术中出血、获得清晰的手术视野、减少灌注液外渗、增加结石清除速度及碎石成功率、缩短手术时间、减少术后发热等方面疗效显著,为治疗复杂上尿路结石提供了一个可行的新方法。     

肾静态显像诊断上尿路感染的临床研究

目的:探究肾静态显像(99m Tc-DMSA)在上尿路感染诊断工作中的应用意义。方法:选取2012年7月至2015年2月我院收治的60例上尿路感染患儿为研究对象,均行肾静态显像检查,并与B超检查结果进行对比分析。结果:肾静态显像提示:60例上尿路感染患儿中,肾脏损害占90.00%,其中8例肾疤痕形成,46例急性肾盂肾炎改变,6例正常;在肾脏病变范围上,≤2岁年龄组患儿较2岁年龄组患儿更为广泛,且前者程度更为严重。B超提示肾脏损害占26.67%,其中18例尿路感染反复发作;16例(26.67%)伴有急性肾盂肾炎改变,未检出肾疤痕。B超诊断上尿路感染的阳性率达26.67%,肾静态显像检查诊断上尿路感染的阳性率为90.00%,两者比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论:99mTc-DMSA在上尿路感染诊断工作中具有重要的应用意义,可明确病变性质、程度及范围,并可随访病变转归,指导临床治疗,属于上尿路感染的实验室补充性指标,值得临床积极推广。     

Cost-Effectiveness of Cranberries vs Antibiotics to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Premenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and result in an enormous economic burden. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms has stimulated interest in non-antibiotic agents to prevent UTIs.

Objective

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of cranberry prophylaxis compared to antibiotic prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) over a 12 month period in premenopausal women with recurrent UTIs.

Materials and Methods

An economic evaluation was performed alongside a randomized trial. Primary outcome was the number of UTIs during 12 months. Secondary outcomes included satisfaction and quality of life. Healthcare utilization was measured using questionnaires. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation. Bootstrapping was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the treatments.

Results

Cranberry prophylaxis was less effective than TMP-SMX prophylaxis, but the differences in clinical outcomes were not statistically significant. Costs after 12 months in the cranberry group were statistically significantly higher than in the TMP-SMX group (mean difference €249, 95% confidence interval 70 to 516). Cost-effectiveness planes and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that cranberry prophylaxis to prevent UTIs is less effective and more expensive than (dominated by) TMP-SMX prophylaxis.

Conclusion

In premenopausal women with recurrent UTIs, cranberry prophylaxis is not cost-effective compared to TMP-SMX prophylaxis. However, it was not possible to take into account costs attributed to increased antibiotic resistance within the framework of this randomized trial; modeling studies are recommended to investigate these costs. Moreover, although we based the dosage of cranberry extract on available evidence, this may not be the optimal dosage. Results may change when this optimal dosage is identified.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN.org ISRCTN50717094     

Upper and Lower Urinary Tract Outcomes in Adult Myelomeningocele Patients: A Systematic Review

Background

The introduction of sophisticated treatment of bladder dysfunction and hydrocephalus allows the majority of SB patients to survive into adulthood. However, no systematic review on urological outcome in adult SB patients is available and no follow-up schemes exist.

Objectives

To systematically summarize the evidence on outcome of urinary tract functioning in adult SB patients.

Methods

A literature search in PubMed and Embase databases was done. Only papers published in the last 25 years describing patients with open SB with a mean age >18 years were included. We focused on finding differences in the treatment strategies, e.g., clean intermittent catheterization and antimuscarinic drugs versus early urinary diversion, with regard to long-term renal and bladder outcomes.

Results

A total of 13 articles and 5 meeting abstracts on urinary tract status of adult SB patients were found describing a total of 1564 patients with a mean age of 26.1 years (range 3–74 years, with a few patients <18 years). All were retrospective cohort studies with relatively small and heterogeneous samples with inconsistent reporting of outcome; this precluded the pooling of data and meta-analysis. Total continence was achieved in 449/1192 (37.7%; range 8–85%) patients. Neurological level of the lesion and hydrocephalus were associated with incontinence. Renal function was studied in 1128 adult patients. In 290/1128 (25.7%; range 3–81.8%) patients some degree of renal damage was found and end-stage renal disease was seen in 12/958 (1.3%) patients. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergy and detrusor-overactivity acted as adverse prognostic factors for the development of renal damage.

Conclusions

These findings should outline follow-up schedules for SB patients, which do not yet exist. Since renal and bladder deterioration continues beyond adolescence, follow-up of these individuals is needed. We recommend standardization in reporting the outcome of urinary tract function in adult SB patients.     

后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术对上尿路结石患者炎性因子及肾功能的影响

目的:探讨后腹腔镜输尿管切开取石术(RLU)对上尿路结石患者炎性因子及肾功能的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2018年11月期间海南省第三人民医院泌尿外科收治的上尿路结石患者89例为研究对象,根据手术方式的不同将患者分为RLU组(n=44)和经输尿管镜取石术(URL)组(n=45),比较两组患者手术成功率、结石取净率、炎性因子指标[白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、内皮素-1(ET-1)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]、肾功能指标[血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)]及术后并发症。结果:RLU组患者手术成功率、结石取净率均高于URL组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1d IL-6、TNF-α、ET-1以及CRP水平均较术前升高,但RLU组低于URL组(P0.05)。两组患者术后1d BUN、Scr水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),两组患者术后1d NGAL水平较术前升高,但RLU组低于URL组(P0.05)。RLU组术后并发症发生率低于URL组(P0.05)。结论:RLU对上尿路结石患者的炎症刺激和肾功能影响更小,且可有效提升手术成功率、结石取净率,降低并发症发生率,有利于患者术后恢复。     

微创经皮肾穿刺碎石术（MPCNL）治疗上尿路结石的临床分析

目的：探讨微创经皮肾穿刺碎石术（MPCNL）用于治疗尿路结石的临床效果。方法：选取120例单侧上尿路结石病患者,随机分为两组,每组60人。一组应用微创经皮肾穿刺碎石术（MPCNL）进行一期单通道上尿路取石,另一组采用开放手术治疗。比较并分析两组患者的临床疗效。结果：应用MPCNL治疗的60名患者中,结石清除的有55名,清除率为91．17％,手术时间平均为77分钟,住院时间平均为5-3天。术中平均出血100mL,术后发生大出血者一例,经输血后好转,术后发热者38例,发热比例为63-3％,尿液转清时间平均为2．5天。应用开放式手术的60名患者中,结石清除的有39例,清除率为65．0％,平均手术之间为112分钟,住院时间平均为18．1天,术中平均出血380mL,术后发生大出血者9例,经输血后好转,术后发热者43例,发热比例为71．2％,尿液转清时间平均为8．6天。结论：MPCNL方法治疗上尿路结石的效果明显比开放式手术好,具有清除率高、手术时间短、术后并发症少、术后感染少以及患者恢复快的优点。     

Hyperglobulinaemic Renal Tubular Acidosis: A Report of Nine Cases

Of nine women with hyperglobulinaemic renal tubular acidosis four presented with acidosis and five had the “incomplete” form of the disorder. Seven patients had nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, but none had the Fanconi syndrome. Investigation showed abnormal immunoglobulins and autoantibodies in all nine patients. Diseases coexisting with renal tubular acidosis were Sjögren''s syndrome, hyperglobulinaemic purpura, autoimmune liver and thyroid disease, diffuse pulmonary fibrosis, and a peripheral neuropathy. It is suggested that this type of renal tubular acidosis might be due to an autoimmune process.