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1.
The structure and ontogeny of stomata in vegetative and floralorgans of three species of Kalanchoe is described. The matureanisocytic stomata are mono-cyclic or completely or incompletelyamphicyclic, rarely paracytic, transitional between paracyticand anisocytic and with a single subsidiary cell. The developmentof all the types is syndetocheilic or mesogenous from organto organ but the mature stomatal apparatus varies from organto organ as regards the number and arrangement of subsidiarycells. Abnormal stoma with a single guard cell and arresteddevelopment were observed on all organs. An abnormal stoma witha single guard cell develops directly from the meristemoid. 相似文献
2.
VATSAVAYA S. RAJU PIRATLA N. RAO 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1977,75(1):69-97
The structure and ontogeny of foliar stomata were studied in 50 species of 28 genera belonging to 17 tribes of the family Euphorbiaceae. The epidermal cells are either polygonal, trapezoidal, or variously elongated in different directions and diffusely arranged. The epidermal anticlinal walls are either straight, arched or sinuous. The architecture of cuticular striations varies with species. The mature stomata are paracytic (most common), anisocytic, anomocytic and diacytic. Occasionally a stoma may be tetracytic, cyclocytic or with a single subsidiary cell. The ontogeny of paracytic stomata is mesogenous dolabrate or trilabrate, mesoperigenous dolabrate; that of diacytic stomata is mesogenous dolabrate, whereas that of anisocytic stomata is mesogenous trilabrate; rarely an anisocytic stoma may be mesoperigenous. Hemiparacytic stomata are mesoperigenous unilabrate; tetracytic stomata are mesoperigenous dolabrate and anomocytic stomata perigenous. Abnormalities encountered include four types of contiguous stomata, stomata with a single or both guard cells aborted and persistent stomatal initials. Cytoplasmic connections between the guard cells of two adjacent stomata or the guard cell of a stoma and an adjacent epidermal/subsidiary cell, or both types occurring in a species, were noticed. The stomatal development, distribution, diversity and basic stomatal type with reference to systematics are discussed. 相似文献
3.
The epidermal structure and ontogeny of stomata in 19 speciesof Centrospermae and two of Polygonales are described. The cellsof the epidermis are polygonal, isodiametric, or elongated invarious directions and arranged irregularly. The anticlinalepidermal walls are thick, sinuous, straight, or arched. Eleventypes of glandular and eglandular trichomes have been observed.Six types of stomata: anomocytic, paracytic, stomata with asingle subsidiary cell, diacytic, anisocytic, and transitionalbetween diacytic and paracytic, have been noticed in the speciesinvestigated. The ontogeny of anomocytic stomata is haplocheilicor perigenous, while that of the other five types is syndetocheilicor mesogenous. Abnormal stomata with a single guard cell, unequalguard cells, aborted guard cells, and arrested development arecommon. Groups of stomata are also frequent but contiguous stomataare rather rare. 相似文献
4.
The present work embodies epidermal structure, structure and ontogeny of stomata in five genera embracing sixteen species of the Capparidaceae namely Cleome (8 species) Capparis (5 species), Cadaba (1 species), Crataeva (1 species) and Maerua (1 species). The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric or elongated arranged irregularly, with evenly or unevenly thickened, sinuous, straight or arched anticlinal walls. Two main types of trichomes: glandular (four types) and eglandular (five types) are noticed. The stomatal types include cyclocytic, triacytic, staurocytic, tetracytic, anomocytic, anisocytic, paracytic and with a single subsidiary cell. The ontogeny of stomata with a single subsidiary cell is perigenous or mesoperigenous, of paracytic mesoperigenous or mesogenous, of anisocytic is mesoperigenous or mesogenous, while that of the other types is perigenous. Abnormalities observed are: single guard cell; aborted guard cells; complete or incomplete division of guard cells; contiguous stomata; giant stomata and cytoplasmic connections. The present observations do not support the separation of Cleomaceae from the Capparidaceae. 相似文献
5.
Epidermal structure and development of stomata in 15 speciesof the Malvaceae and two of Bombacaceae are described. The cellsof the epidermis are polygonal, isodiametric, or elongated withthick, straight, arched, or sinuous anticlinal walls and containchloroplasts and abundant druses of calcium oxalate. Cuticularstriations radiating from the guard cells or hair bases arenoticed. Six types of glandular and non-glandular trichomesare seen. The mature stomata are anomocytic, anisocytic, andparacytic in the members investigated of both the families.The ontogeny of anisocytic and paracytic stomata is syndetochelicor mesogenous, while that of anomocytic is haplocheilic or perigenous.An abnormal stoma with a single guard cell is also observed.An increase in number of subsidiary cells in anisocytic stomatais due to the division of the subsidiary cells. 相似文献
6.
S. RAJA SHANMUKHA RAO N. RAMAYYA 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1977,74(1):47-56
In Hibiscus , stomata are anisocytic, anomocytic, paracytic and tetracytic, the first type being the most frequent and occurring in all plant parts in the ten species studied, whereas the others are scarce and have a limited organographic distribution. The stem, petiole, pedicel, staminal tube, ovary and style are stomatiferous; the leaf-blade, stipule, bracteole and sepals are amphistomatic and petals hypostomatic in the species investigated.
The stomatal types are often homoplastic, the anisocytic being either mesogenous trilabrate or mesoperigenous dolabrate, the anomocytic, mesoperigenous dolabrate or mesogenous trilabrate, and the tetracytic, mesoperigenous dolabrate or mesoperigenous trilabrate. But the typical paracytic stomata (with the subsidiaries completely enclosing the poles) are constantly mesogenous dolabrate and therefore probably indicate mesogenous dolabrate development. Although several patterns of stomatogenesis are encountered in any specific organ, only one of them is found to be dominant. A new subcategory of stomatal ontogeny, mesoperigenous trilabrate, is proposed in Hibiscus. No significant stomatal variation involving reduction in the divisive capacity of the meristemoid has been observed from the vegetative to floral parts; and stomata functioning as hydathodes have not been noticed in the latter, thus indicating that florogenic factors have no effect on the stomata. 相似文献
The stomatal types are often homoplastic, the anisocytic being either mesogenous trilabrate or mesoperigenous dolabrate, the anomocytic, mesoperigenous dolabrate or mesogenous trilabrate, and the tetracytic, mesoperigenous dolabrate or mesoperigenous trilabrate. But the typical paracytic stomata (with the subsidiaries completely enclosing the poles) are constantly mesogenous dolabrate and therefore probably indicate mesogenous dolabrate development. Although several patterns of stomatogenesis are encountered in any specific organ, only one of them is found to be dominant. A new subcategory of stomatal ontogeny, mesoperigenous trilabrate, is proposed in Hibiscus. No significant stomatal variation involving reduction in the divisive capacity of the meristemoid has been observed from the vegetative to floral parts; and stomata functioning as hydathodes have not been noticed in the latter, thus indicating that florogenic factors have no effect on the stomata. 相似文献
7.
Stomatal structure, ontogeny in vegetative and floral organs of 9 genera and 12 species of Cucurbitaceae are described. The stomatal types conform to aperigenous, monoperigenous, diperigenous, hemipara-mesoperigenous and para-mesoperigenous types of Fryns-Claessens & Van Cotthem (1973). Stomatal abnormalities such as contiguous stomata, single guard cells with or without pore, one and a half stomata, degeneration of one or both the guard cells, cytoplasmic connections between guard cells of neighbouring stomata and a guard cell of a stoma and an adjacent epidermal cell, and division of guard cells are described. Stomata index, frequency of stomata, epidermal cells, size of guard and epidermal cells and organwise distribution of stomata are given. Stomatal studies does not support the view that the Cucurbitaceae are related to the Passifloraceae. The inclusion of 9 genera and 12 species studied in the tribe Cucumerineae is justified. 相似文献
8.
Stomata on the cotyledons of Morphactin EMD 7301 and EMD 7311 treated seedlings may be anisocytic, anomocytic, paracytic, diacytio, transitional forms and haplocytic. In spite of this diversity, the most frequent type is anisocytic on both surfaces. The stomatal ontogeny may bo perigenous, mesogenous and mesoperigenous. Morphactin EMD 7301 and EMD 7311 increase the size of cotyledons in all concentrations accompanied by an increase in the number of stomata on the adaxial surface in 100, 150, 250 ppm of EMD 7301. The effect of morphactin is promotive to the size of stomata in all concentrations, but it retards the stomatal density and number of epidermal cells. This may be due to an increase in the size of the epidermal cells. The substrates, however, have no effect on the morphology and ontogeny of the stomata; probably they are inherent chracters. 相似文献
9.
The presence of 10 types of normal stomata along with 4 subtypes, one intermediate type between stephanocytic and hemiparacytic and some abnormal stomatal structures both in the vegetative and floral organs of Canella winterena (L.) Geartn. (Canellaceae) is reported here. The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric in surface view with straight anticlinal walls. The stomata are amphibrachyparacytic, anomocytic, anisocytic, brachyparacytic, brachyparatetracytic, cyclocytic, hemiparacytic, laterocytic, holoparacytic, stephanocytic, one intermediate type between stephanocytic and hemiparacytic, etc. Abnormalities like contiguous stomata, different types of twin stomata and cytoplasmic bridge between adjacent stomata, stomata with single guard cell, single guard cell with pore juxtaposed with normal stoma are also found. The presence of giant stomata is a significant finding. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
10.
The structure and ontogeny of stomata on cotyledons and hypocotyls and the trichomes on hypocotyl are accounted for in eighteen species of Caesalpiniaceae. Trichomes are eglandular, bi- rarely tri-celled, smooth walled or walls wavy with cuticular striations or tubercles. Anomocytic, haplocytic, paracytic, diacytic, transitional, tetracytic, tricytic and cyclocytic stomata occur in different combinations even on the same surface of the cotyledon. In all, there are fourteen combinations. Inspite of the diversity, the most frequent type is anomocytic in most of the species and paracytic in some species of Cassia and Delonix (abaxial) but rarely it is haplocytic or anisocytic. In hypocotyls it is anomocytic. Ontogenetically anomocytic, tetracytic and cyclocytic stomata are perigenous, whereas other types are mesogenous or mesoperigenous. There is an increase in the number of subsidiary cells by their division or the neighbouring perigenes assuming their shapes. About eight such types are described. A pair of stomata has a common subsidiary cell. Twelve types of guard cell and stomatal approximation abnormalities are described. A range in the number, size and shape of the nuclei in guard cell are recorded. Megastomata (giant stomata) are observed in Parkinsonia and Tamarindus. The taxonomic significance of the stomata is also discussed. 相似文献
11.
The structure and development of stomata in eight species ofCrotalaria belonging to the family Papilionaceae are described.The study is mostly confined to the leaves but it has also beenmade on the floral organs of C. mysorensis, C. retusa, C. sericea,and C. triquetra. The stomata may be paracytic, anisocytic,anomocytic, diacytic, or with one subsidiary cell. The differenttypes occur individually or they are placed side by side evenon the same surface of an organ. In general the paracytic typeis by far the commonest, followed by anisocytic and anomocyticones. Diacytic stomata and those with one subsidiary cell arerelatively rare. Different types of stomata in various organsof the same plant develop mesogenously. The present investigationalso indicates that the inconstancy of stomata in the familyis due to (a) their diversity and (b) an increase in the numberof subsidiary cells either by their division or by the neighbouringperigenes becoming subsidiary cell-like. 相似文献
12.
The ontogeny and structure of stomata in 22 genera and 51 speciesof the Polemoniales are described. Five main types of stomatanoticed are: anisocytic, anomocytic, diacytic, paracytic, andstomata with a single subsidiary cell. Three modes of stomataldevelopment: syndetocheilic or mesogenous, haplocheilic or perigenous,and meso-perigenous or syndeto-haplocheilic are observed. Abnormalitiesseen are: stomata with single guard cells, arrested developmentand contiguous stomata variously oriented. Contiguous stomataresult from adjacently placed meristemoids or readjustment duringmaturation. Stomata with a single guard cell are formed as aresult of degeneration of one of the guard cells before or afterpore formation. The stomatal apparatus varies in different organsof a plant in form, number, orientation and arrangement of thesubsidiary and also the surrounding cells. Three lines leadingto Polemoniales, Boraginales, and Solanales are distinet. 相似文献
13.
The present investigation describes the ontogeny of normal andabnormal stomata for three species of the Araliaceae. The maturestomata are mostly anisocytic, occasionally paracytic, and rarelyanomocytic. Several aberrent patterns of stomatal developmenthave been noticed in anisocytic stomata and a few in paracyticones. The ontogeny of anisocytic and paracytic stomata conformsto the syndetocheilic or mesogenous type, while that of anomocyticis haplocheilic or perigenous. 相似文献
14.
The epidermal structure and development of stomata in vegetativeand reproductive organs of Ephedra foliata and Gnetum ula isdescribed. The epidermal cells are polygonal, isodiametric,or elongated with thick or thin straight, arched, or slightlysinuous anticlinal walls. The cuticle is thin or thick. Papilla-likeunicellular outgrowths are present in Ephedra foliata. The maturestomata are orientated parallel to the longitudinal axes orirregularly. The mature stomata are anomocytic, paracytic, witha single subsidiary cell, cyclocytic, and actinocytic. Arresteddevelopment, contiguous stomata, and stomata with aborted guardcells have been observed. The ontogeny of stomata on differentorgans of these two plants is typically haplocheilic or perigenousbut the stomatal apparatus varies from organ to organ. 相似文献
15.
Morphogenetic effects of various growth substances on the cotyledonary stomata of brinjal and tomato
The effect of different growth substances on the development of normal and abnormal stomata are presented. Anomocytic, paracytic,
anisocytic and stoma with a single subsidiary cell are observed. Abnormal developments like persistent stomatal cells, degeneration
of guard cells, unusual thickening, unequal guard cells, single guard cells and size and shape of the pore are noticed in
various growth substances. The growth substances also affect the stomatal frequency, stomatal index, epidermal frequency and
size of guard and epidermal cells in both the plants. The highest meristematic activity is found in MOR 100 ppm in brinjal
and in GA 25 ppm in tomato. The largest size of stomata is found in COL 25 ppm in brinjal and in MH 50 ppm in tomato. The
same growth substance responds differently in the two plants. 相似文献
16.
Action of growth regulators on the cotyledonary stomata ofCucumis sativus L.: Structure and ontogeny
Anomocytic stomata and stomata with single subsidiary cells are commonly observed Sometimes a stoma appears anisocytic. Double cytoplasmic connections between nearby stomata and division of guard cells with persistent or degenerating nuclei are seen in GA. One or more divisions of guard cells, displaced guard cells and single guard cells with or without pore are noticed in SUC. Formation of single guard cells is a common feature in TIBA. Paracytic stomata, one and a half stomata and persistent stomatal initials are seen in SUL. COUM seems to be not inhibitory inCucumis sativus. In COL stomata with unequal guard cells, unequal stomatal cells with thickening in between but without intervening pore, stoma with double pores, persistent stomatal initials which may be solitary or in groups with varying shapes and with one or two nuclei of different shapes are noticed. The growth regulators affect the frequency of stomata, epidermal cells; stomatal index; size of guard and epidermal cells. 相似文献
17.
Paracytic, anisocytic, anomocytic, transitional forms, tetracytic, cyclocytic stomata and partly and completely amphicyclic
forms are found, often on the same surface, in nine combinations. The most frequent type is paracytic. A few morphological
variations in the basic types and eight types of abnormalities in stomata are recorded. The stomatal ontogeny may be mesogenous,
mesoperigenous or perigenous. Trichomes are multicellular glandular club-shaped and unicellular eglandular. The taxonomic
significance of stomata is indicated. 相似文献
18.
The structure and development of stomata in 19 species of thefamily Caesalpiniaceae are described. The study is mostly confinedto the leaves, but observations have also been made on othervegetative and floral organs of some species Stomata may beparacytic, anisocytic, anomocytic, and with one subsidiary cell.Occasionally a stoma is diacytic, cyclocytic, or actinocytic.Different types occur individually or may be found side by sideeven on the same surface of an organ. The most prevalent typein all the genera is paracytic except in Caesalpima where itis anomocytic. The development of an anomocytic stoma is perigenous,but those with subsidiary cells are largely mesogenous; rarelyparacytic stomata are mesoperigenous. In spite of diversityof stomata, different types of stomata have similar patternsof development in different organs of the same plant. The presentinvestigation also indicates that the inconstancy of stomatain the family is due to (a) their diversity and (b) an increasein the number of subsidiary cells either by their division orby the neighbouring perigenes becoming subsidiary cell-like. 相似文献
19.
Structure and ontogeny of stomata and trichomes have been studied in 23 species and 3 varieties of theUrticales. Stomata are anomocytic, more rarely paracytic; anisocytic and sometimes helicocytic and transitorial types are found inUrticaceae andDorstenia, rarely inArtocarpus. The ontogeny of anomocytic and actinocytic stomata is perigenous, of paracytic either mesogenous or perigenous, of anisocytic either mesogenous or mesoperigenous, and of helicocytic and transitional types mesogenous. Among trichomes eglandular unicellular (wide spread), bicellular or uniseriate filiform (Cannabis); glandular capitate with uni- or bicellular (Moraceae, Ulmaceae, Cannabaceae), uniseriate filiform (Ulmaceae) or multiseriate stalk (Cannabis); sunken glands (Artocarpus); uniseriate glandular with uniseriate stalk (Celtis), and stinging emergences (Urticaceae) have been observed. It is concluded that theUrticales represent a natural order with four families:Ulmaceae, Moraceae, Urticaceae andCannabaceae which are distinct but interrelated with each other. 相似文献
20.
中国蓼属头状蓼组植物叶表皮微形态及其分类学意义 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用光学显微镜对中国蓼属头状蓼组17种7变种植物的叶片下表皮微形态进行了观察研究,结果表明,其叶片下表皮微形态特征分为4种类型:(1)气孔器类型为无规则型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁波状或深波状;(2)非典型不等型,偶有无规则型,表皮细胞多边形或不规则形,垂周壁弓形、波状或深波状;(3)平列型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁深波状;(4)平列型兼有非典型不等型,表皮细胞不规则形,垂周壁波状。根据其叶片下表皮气孔器类型,结合该组植物形态、习性等特征,将中国蓼属头状蓼组植物划分为4个系,即掌裂叶系、多年生系、蓼子草系以及一年生直立系。 相似文献