蚊虫连续石蜡切片制备及染色

本研究利用塑化石蜡进行了吸血前后白纹伊蚊整个蚊虫的石蜡包埋、制片及 HE染色 ,获得了染色清晰 ,组织完整的连续石蜡切片 ,并讨论了有关蚊虫石蜡包埋及制片染色的一些注意事项。为进一步利用免疫组化、原位 PCR等技术研究虫媒病毒在蚊虫体内的分布规律提供了可能     

一种用于DAPI染色的方法--Steedman's wax包埋切片法

以植物的胚珠和子房为实验材料,介绍一种用Steedman's wax 包埋对组织切片中的细胞核进行DAPI染色的方法.Steedman's wax 作为一种低熔点多酯蜡,具有与石蜡相似的性质,切片方法同常规石蜡切片,适合于切成厚度大于5 μm的连续切片.Steedman's wax包埋的切片能成功地进行DAPI染色.与用压片法和Technovit 7100或GMA包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色相比,用Steedman's wax 包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色具有廉价、操作简便、可进行连续切片、图象清晰等优点,特别在植物细胞程序化死亡(PCD)的研究中及细胞核DNA含量测定方面,有着较大的应用价值和潜能.     

一种用于DAPI染色的方法Steedman＇s wax包埋切片法

以植物的胚珠和子房为实验材料,介绍一种用Steedrnan‘s wax包埋对组织切片中的细胞核进行DAPI染色的方法。Steedrnan‘s wax作为一种低熔点多酯蜡,具有与石蜡相似的性质,切片方法同常规石蜡切片,适合于切成厚度大于5μm的连续切片。Steedrnan‘s wax包埋的切片能成功地进行DAPI染色。与用压片法和Technovit 7100或GMA包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色相比,用Steedrnan‘s wax包埋切片法进行的DAPI染色具有廉价、操作简便、可进行连续切片、图象清晰等优点,特别在植物细胞程序化死亡(PCD)的研究中及细胞核DNA含量测定方面,有着较大的应用价值和潜能。     

果蝇胚胎石蜡切片制作方法的改良

探索一种不用在卵壳上手工打孔、适用于果蝇胚胎石蜡切片制作的方法。实验前期对果蝇胚胎进行渗透化处理,后期用琼脂糖、明胶、石蜡3种包埋辅佐剂对胚胎进行聚集、包埋、切片,最后进行HE及PASM染色。渗透化处理后的胚胎用琼脂糖或石蜡聚集并包埋后所制切片HE染色均显示胚胎形态结构正常,背景干净,而琼脂糖聚集法所制切片PASM染色背景呈灰色,明胶聚集法所制切片HE染色和PASM染色背景均显杂色且胚胎出现形变。3种包埋辅佐剂中,琼脂糖和石蜡均适于果蝇胚胎结构的保存,石蜡聚集法所制切片2种染色背景均无杂色,因此最适合做包埋辅佐剂。渗透化处理和石蜡聚集法结合后的改良方法适合于大样本且高脂含量的果蝇胚胎石蜡切片的制备。     

碱性磷酸酶钙-钴法染色的不同包埋方法比较

目的探讨石蜡切片、冰冻切片及碳蜡(聚乙二醇)包埋切片在碱性磷酸酶染色中的应用,综合分析几种组织处理方法的优缺点,以便在病理诊断及科研工作中能找到更适合的碱性磷酸酶染色方法。方法取新鲜乳腺组织及肝组织,每份标本各取3块组织,根据包埋方法的不同,分为3组:石蜡切片碱性磷酸酶染色、冰冻切片碱性磷酸酶染色、碳蜡包埋切片碱性磷酸酶染色。结果 3组切片均可见黑色碱性磷酸酶的存在,其中肝组织内显示碱性磷酸酶呈黑色,沿胆小管分布;乳腺组织内显示碱性磷酸酶呈黑色沉淀弥漫分布于乳腺间质中。结论碳蜡包埋切片在碱性磷酸酶染色中,具有冰冻切片和石蜡切片的优点,并弥补了常规冰冻切片和石蜡切片染色的缺点和局限性,在病理诊断及科研工作中具有一定的应用价值。     

树脂包埋半薄切片在视神经组织学和免疫组织化学研究中的应用

目的探讨半薄切片在视神经组织学和免疫组织化学研究中的应用,寻找一种视神经形态学研究和疾病诊断的有效方法。方法健康Sprague-Dawley大鼠视神经分别行树脂包埋制成半薄切片与石蜡包埋制成石蜡切片,分别采用HE、甲苯胺蓝染色及髓鞘碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein,MBP)免疫组织化学方法染色,光学显微镜下观察并比较半薄切片与石蜡切片染色结果的差异。结果石蜡切片HE和甲苯胺蓝染色均显示视神经髓鞘不着色,MBP免疫组织化学染色示MBP阳性着色较重,着色较紊乱,髓鞘着色不清晰。半薄切片HE及甲苯胺蓝染色均显示髓鞘呈环形,着色清晰,颜色对比鲜明;MBP免疫组化染色结果可见髓鞘呈环形,非特异性染色不明显,阳性对比显著,可清晰显示髓鞘结构。结论半薄切片在视神经组织学和免疫组织化学研究中优于石蜡切片,可用于视神经疾病的诊断和研究。     

三种不同脂肪染色方法的比较

目的探讨碳蜡(聚乙二醇)包埋技术、冰冻切片及饿酸染色在脂肪染色中的应用,综合比较几种方法的优缺点,以便在病理工作及科研工作中能找到更适合的脂肪染色方法。方法取新鲜脂肪组织及肝组织,每份标本各取3块组织,分为A、B、C三组:A组和B组标本分别进行碳蜡包埋切片和常规冰冻切片,油红O法染色;C组以饿酸浸染组织块后进行石蜡包埋切片及眦复染。结果 A组切片脂肪滴呈红色,细胞核呈蓝色;B组切片脂肪滴呈红色,细胞核呈蓝色;C组切片脂肪滴呈黑色。结论饿酸染色和碳蜡包埋技术在脂肪染色中,具有冰冻切片和石蜡切片的优点,弥补了常规冰冻切片脂肪染色的缺点和局限性,在病理检验及科研中具有一定应用价值。     

屋尘螨Ⅰ类变应原Der p1的体内定位

对过敏性疾病主要过敏原屋尘螨Dermatophagoides pteronyssinusⅠ类变应原（Der p1）进行了抗原定位研究。选用经表达和纯化的Der p1抗原蛋白,按常规方法免疫小鼠,分离血清获抗重组Der p1的抗体（Ⅰ抗）,用抗鼠IgG荧光抗体为Ⅱ抗,屋尘螨经石蜡切片,在荧光显微镜下对其特异性变应原的定位进行观察。HE染色显示屋尘螨消化系统占据大部分体腔。组织免疫荧光发现屋尘螨Ⅰ类变应原主要定位于螨的中肠组织及肠内容物,而螨的生殖系统、排泄系统等脏器以及几丁质甲壳均呈阴性反应。据此认为屋尘螨Ⅰ类变应原存在于螨的肠内容物和中肠组织中。     

一种冰冻切片漂片法免疫反应后再用石蜡切片的方法

本文采用组织冰冻切片５０μｍ进行双重标记的免疫组织化学漂片染色后,将其贴在塑料包埋盒内,脱水,经石蜡包埋切为１－３μｍ的薄片贴于载玻片上,干燥后脱水透明封片,最后进行切片观察,免疫阳性产物被准确定位于所观察的细胞或纤维上,得到满意的结果。为免疫组织化学形态学研究工作提供了新的手段。     

盐生肉质草本植物海马齿叶片石蜡切片简易方法

海马齿是海边盐生肉质草本植物,由于叶片的肉质化,传统石蜡切片制作路线不能制作出结构完整,效果较好的切片.本实验以传统的石蜡切片方法为基础,在固定方法选择,脱水时间控制,包埋温度,染色等方面做了适合海马齿叶片特点的改良,固定方法采用戊二醛固定液固定24 h,并洗脱;脱水每级梯度时间为1 h,包埋温度在100℃,染色方法采用固绿染色法.结果表明:采用这种改良的方法可以制作出染色清晰,组织结构完整的海马齿叶片切片.这对其它肉质化植物的石蜡切片制作有着借鉴作用.     

芝加哥天蓝法在甲屑真菌检测中效果的评估

目的 探讨芝加哥天蓝染色法对甲真菌病患者标本检测效果.方法 收集皮肤科门诊确诊的甲真菌感染患者标本160例,同时用KOH湿片法、荧光染色法和芝加哥天蓝染色法对真菌进行镜下形态学观察,并比较真菌检出率.结果 芝加哥天蓝染色法和荧光染色法对真菌的形态结构清晰易辨.芝加哥天蓝染色法、荧光染色法和KOH湿片法的检出率分别为60...     

改良革兰染色法在显示石蜡切片真菌中的应用

目的建立真菌的病理切片改良革兰染色法。方法选取确诊真菌感染的组织蜡块,切若干空白片,通过苏木素-伊红染色（HE）、高碘酸-无色品红染色（PAS）、六胺银染色（GMS）、改良革兰染色后,比较改良革兰染色法的染色效果。结果改良革兰染色法的染色效果好,该法具有易操作、染色效果稳定等优点。结论改良革兰染色法能够清晰地显示出组织切片中的真菌,并且染色效果稳定,在检测组织中的真菌时可发挥重要的辅助诊断价值,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Correlation Between Iron Staining of Infant Livers And Amount of Iron Estimated Chemically

172 liver samples from infants were analysed chemically for iron concentration, and histochemically for the presence of iron staining. A closer correlation was found between the amount of iron estimated chemically, and the presence of diffuse cytoplasmic staining than with the presence of granular staining. At levels of less than 5 mg/100 gm there was neither granular nor cytoplasmic staining present. Cytoplasmic staining was found in all sections from livers with an iron concentration of more than 30 mg/100 gm. Granular staining was not always seen above a level of 30 mg/100 gm, and some sections from livers with iron concentrations as high as 41 and 58 mg/100 gm, showed only cytoplasmic staining.     

Cellular and subcellular localization of calcium in gravistimulated corn roots

Summary Antimonate staining procedures and energy dispersive X-ray microanalytical techniques were used to determine the patterns of localization of calcium in nonstimulated and gravistimulated corn roots. In horizontally positioned roots within the region of the developing bend there was a change in the staining from that principally localized within cells of the stele to asymmetric staining within the vacuoles of the cortical cells along the upper root surface. There was little staining in the walls. The pattern observed is quite different from that seen in gravistimulated coleoptiles. Staining of mitochondria, plastids and Golgi stacks was seen in most cell types, but no asymmetry of staining was observed. In the rootcap where graviperception is thought to occur, there was little staining of any cellular organelles.     

Differential expression of acetylcholinesterase in the brainstem, ventrobasal thalamus and primary somatosensory cortex of perinatal rats, mice, and hamsters

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is transiently expressed by thalamocortical axons in the rat, and staining for this enzyme has been used extensively to study the development of thalamocortical projections. In the present study, patterns of AChE staining were compared in the trigeminal brainstem, thalami and primary somatosensory cortices of perinatal rats, mice, and hamsters. As previously reported, the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of rats showed dense AChE staining from P-0 at least through P-8. The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) contained heavy AChE staining at least through P-60. In the cortex, there was also dense AChE staining which was organized somatotopically in patches similar to those observed with other methods such as cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining. However, by adulthood, AChE staining revealed a negative image of the CO staining pattern in lamina IV. In the mouse and hamster, there was dense AChE staining inVPL from P-0 through adulthood, but VPM was much less heavily stained for this enzyme. Moreover, the staining in VPL of mice was markedly reduced after transection of axons that travel to the thalamus in the medial lemniscus, suggesting that much of it was contained in these afferent fibers. In the cortices of both perinatal and adult mice and hamsters, AChE staining yielded a negative image of the somatotopically organized patches demonstrable with CO staining. This negative image was apparent by P-2 in the mouse and P-4 in the hamster. These results document a dramatic species difference with respect to the expression of AChE in the thalami and cortices of developing rodents. The differences between the patterns observed in rats vs mice and hamsters probably reflect the fact that cortical AChE in the latter species is not contained in thalamocortical afferents arising from either VPM or VPL.     

Bassam和Sanguinetti银染方法在SRAP和TRAP标记中的比较研究

银染作为一种重要的DNA染色方法,对分子标记检测有重要影响.SRAP标记和TRAP标记是两种较为新型的分子标记,近年来得到了广泛应用,尤其在缺少遗传图谱的物种中应用价值更大.以普通烟草种(Nicotiana tabacum L.)烤烟和香料烟品种作为供试材料,对Bassam和Sanguinetti两种银染方法,在标记检测效率、成本及染色效果等方面进行了研究,并对其在SRAP标记和TRAP标记中的应用进行了探讨.结果表明,Sanguinetti银染法比Bassam银染更为简便、经济,染色照片的色阶图说明Sanguinetti染色方法的背景与扩增带区分明显,能够清楚地读带;且该方法能够扩增出很好的SRAP和TRAP标记谱带.因此,推荐在SRAP和TRAP标记检测中采用Sanguinetti银染方法.     

高碘酸-硝酸银染色法鉴定糖蛋白

对传统的糖蛋白染色方法(高碘酸-Schiff法)进行了改进。蛋白质的氧化采用高碘酸法,染色时采用硝酸银染色法。此方法灵敏度是高碘酸-Schiff法的100倍,而且比高碘酸-Schiff法节省16~18h。     

The Effect of Ph on Silver Staining of Nucleolus Organizer Regions

The effect of pH on silver staining of the nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) of human chromosomes has been investigated between pH 6.5 and 12.0. Nonvolatile mixtures of ethanolamine and ethanolammonium nitrate replaced the ammonia of standard procedures. The optimal NOR staining obtained at pH 3.5 by the silver staining procedure of Howell and Black served as a standard; this procedure stained all ten NORs in 90% of mitoses. Similar NOR staining was found in 75% of mitoses stained at pH 11.7 or 11.8, but only in 10-15% of mitoses stained between pH 11.6 and 10.0. Between pH 10.0 and 9.0 NOR staining was incomplete, and between pH 8.5 and 6.5 there was no NOR staining.     

Postembedding staining of Brunner's gland with lectin-ferritin conjugates

Postembedding staining of intracellular carbohydrates of rat Brunner's gland cells embedded in Epon and acrylamide was carried out with Ricinus communis agglutinin-ferritin, concanavalin A-ferritin, and wheat germ agglutinin-ferritin conjugates. Th Golgi vacuoles and mucous granules were stained with these conjugates. In each staining, the tissues embedded in acrylamide were stained more strongly than those embedded in Epon. The staining intensity of wheat germ agglutinin-ferritin was the strongest among the three conjugates and the staining intensity of Ricinus communis agglutinin-ferritin was stronger than that of concanavalin A-ferritin in both embedding methods. Free ferritin showed almost no binding to these structures and staining with the conjugates was inhibited by the addition of appropriate competitive sugars to the staining solutions. Osmium-postfixed tissues were not stained well with the conjugates. Washing of the sections with bovine serum albumin solution after staining was an essential step in the present method to reduce the nonspecific adsorption of the conjugates. The present method was very simple and had good reproducibility.     

黑斑蛙嗅器和犁鼻器的组化及超微结构特征

嗅感受器主要感知外界环境中化学信号分子.本文采用银染、NADPH-组化染色和电镜技术来观察黑斑侧褶蛙(Petophylax nigromaculatus)的嗅器和犁鼻器的功能差异及细胞组成.银染法可对嗅上皮和犁鼻上皮的细胞进行分类及区分.其中,支持细胞胞核深染成黑色,嗅细胞胞核银染为花斑状.细胞计数显示,犁鼻上皮的嗅神经细胞含量百分比显著高于嗅上皮.组化结果显示,黑斑侧褶蛙嗅上皮和犁鼻上皮对NADPH-d表达模式差异显著,前者表达明显高于后者.电镜结果显示,黑斑侧褶蛙嗅上皮和犁鼻上皮的支持细胞由两种类型的细胞组成,分别为纤毛型和颗粒型支持细胞.