不同氮素水平下超高产夏玉米冠层的高光谱特征

为明确超高产夏玉米冠层高光谱特性,对不同生育期、不同氮肥处理下普通玉米与超高产夏玉米冠层高光谱特性进行了比较;对超高产夏玉米冠层高光谱反射率及其衍生的植被指数与干物质积累、叶绿素含量间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,不同生育期,超高产夏玉米近红外波段的高光谱反射率均大于普通玉米,且在生育后期变化缓慢。开花期与灌浆期之间,出现"红边平台"现象,生育后期红边位置"蓝移"变化量显著小于普通玉米。随着施氮量的增加,超高产夏玉米冠层高光谱反射率及红边位置变化不大,而红边幅值与红边面积呈逐步增大趋势。在相关性分析中,由950、760、810、870nm构成的各类植被指数及红边幅值、红边面积与超高产夏玉米干物质积累量间的相关性最好,红边位置λred可用于估算叶绿素总量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素的含量。不同氮肥下,超高产夏玉米冠层高光谱特征与普通玉米相比具有较大差异,研究结果能为超高产夏玉米生理特性的研究提供支持。     

烟蚜为害特征的高光谱比较

利用手持式高光谱仪测定不同蚜量为害后烟草冠层光谱反射率的变化,同时使用叶绿素计测量叶绿素含量。结果表明,烟草光谱呈现标准植被光谱曲线,烟蚜Myzuspersicae(Sulzer)为害造成烟草光谱反射率下降,近红外波段反射率下降更为明显。和健康烟株相比,轻度(单株顶尖和上部5片叶蚜量≤15头)、中度(15头<单株顶尖和上部5片叶蚜量≤50头)、重度(单株顶尖和上部5片叶蚜量>50头)危害在绿光波段反射率分别下降12%,27%,52%,在近红外波段分别下降15%,20%,38%。对反射率曲线进行微分分析,健康烟株、轻度、中度和重度为害后的一阶导数最大值分别为0.031,0.022,0.026和0.019,其值随着蚜量增加而下降,对应的波长重度为害为718.45nm,其它为716.91nm,红边位置向长波方向移动1.46nm。蓝光、绿光、红光和近红外4个波段反射率和叶绿素含量SPAD值存在良好的线性回归关系,相关系数都达到极显著,绿光波段反射率对叶绿素含量的回归关系尤为显著;同时SPAD值越大,光谱反射率越高。该研究对于应用遥感技术大面积监测烟草生产中病虫害的发生,确定防治适期以及适宜的防治措施具有重要的应用前景。     

芦苇粉大尾蚜虫害下芦苇叶绿素高光谱反演估算

叶绿素含量是表征芦苇虫害胁迫状态的一个重要指示因子。选取遭受芦苇粉大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni)虫害的芦苇(Phragmites australis)作为研究对象,用便携式地物光谱仪ASD FieldSpec 4测定其叶片反射率光谱,同时用SPAD-502 Plus叶绿素测量仪测定其叶绿素相对含量(SPAD),分析健康和虫害芦苇叶片高光谱反射率与叶绿素含量间的相关关系,采用一元线性回归和偏最小二乘法回归方法,建立芦苇叶绿素含量红边位置和全波段高光谱反演估算模型。结果表明:健康芦苇叶片反射率高于虫害叶片,两种叶片叶绿素含量与高光谱的相关性存在显著差异,尤其在绿光波段和近红外波段部分区域(1400~2500nm)表现明显;全波段高光谱估算模型具有较高的准确性,健康叶片回归模型的决定系数(R2)为0.965,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.813,预测偏差比率(RPD)为3.940;虫害叶片回归模型的R2为0.966,RMSE为0.989,RPD为3.855;异地验证结果进一步表明,通过高光谱数据全波段反演能较好地估算芦苇粉大尾蚜虫害下芦苇叶绿素相对含量,这也预示着利用高光谱全波段数据估算虫害植被叶绿素相对含量是可行的。     

黄土高原不同种植密度下春小麦冠层和叶片高光谱反射特征

2006年4-8月,通过大田试验,测定了7个密度梯度下3个品种的春小麦冠层、叶片在不同生育期的高光谱反射率.结果表明:孕穗期,不同密度的春小麦冠层和叶片光谱差异明显,波形相似,其冠层光谱反射率在可见光区随密度增大降低,在近红外区反射率随密度增加升高;乳熟期,不同种植密度春小麦冠层光谱在可见光区的差异比近红外区小;不同密度的叶片光谱在可见光区和近红外区的变化在不同生育期表现出一致性,但随密度变化的规律性不明显;不同生育期的冠层光谱表现为乳熟期的反射率高于孕穗期;叶片光谱表现为乳熟期较孕穗期在近红外光区反射率大大降低;不同品种春小麦的冠层和叶片光谱存在一定差异;孕穗期,不同品种的冠层光谱在可见光区差异较小,差别主要表现在短波红外和近红外区;成熟期,不同品种冠层光谱的差异小;不同品种叶片光谱在近红外区的差异显著;春小麦红边存在双峰现象,从孕穗期到乳熟期,红边位置蓝移,红边幅值降低,红边面积减小;红边幅值的变化可用于估产,红边位置的变动可指示生育阶段.     

UV-B辐射胁迫下杨梅幼苗的高光谱响应

设置UV-B滤光减弱、UV-B辐射增强和自然光(对照)3组模拟大田试验,比较了不同UV-B辐射处理下,亚热带典型木本植物杨梅幼苗的叶绿素含量、光谱反射率及光谱特征参数,研究UV-B辐射变化对亚热带森林树种的影响.结果表明:增强UV-B辐射可降低杨梅幼苗的叶绿素含量,而降低辐射则会显著促进叶绿素的增加,并且这种胁迫反应于光谱反射率中.3种不同梯度UV-B辐射作用下,可见光部分光谱反射率间的差异主要集中在绿光反射峰及红边附近,同时红边所在波长位置“红移”.UV-B辐射对杨梅的胁迫在时间上具有积累性.用反高斯模型参数R0、λ0、λp、Rs、6指示杨梅受UV-B胁迫,以Rs最显著.不同UV-B辐射水平下植物叶片光谱反射率上的差异,可通过较窄波段光谱反射率或特定波长光谱反射率所构建的植被指数加以有效区分.     

水稻冠层高光谱特征变量与叶片叶绿素含量的相关性研究

为了探讨水稻冠层光谱对叶片叶绿素含量的响应规律,以双季早稻为材料,设置不同施氮量处理的田间试验,测定水稻冠层光谱和叶片叶绿素含量,计算基于冠层反射光谱的特征变量,研究水稻冠层高光谱特征变量与叶片叶绿素含量之间的关系。结果表明:施用氮肥对反射光谱有明显的影响,在可见光范围内,不施氮处理的反射率高于施氮处理,尤其在波长550 nm左右的绿峰处显著增加,在近红外区反射率随施氮量的增加而增加;与叶绿素含量相关性较好的光谱位置参数是红边位置和红谷反射率,随着叶绿素含量的增加,红谷反射率降低,红边位置向长波方向移动;比值植被指数R800/R550、R750/R553和R990/R553,以及色素比值指数PSSRa、PSSRb与chla、chlb、chl(a+b)呈极显著正相关,可以作为水稻冠层叶片叶绿素监测的特征变量。     

烤烟冠层光谱参数与叶片叶绿素含量的相关分析

为了明确烤烟冠层光谱参数与叶片叶绿素含量的相关性,测定了不同氮肥施用量条件下烤烟冠层光谱特征和烤烟鲜烟叶片叶绿素a(Chl-a)、叶绿素b(Chl-b)、类胡萝卜素(Cars)含量,并对光谱参数与叶绿素含量进行了相关分析和回归分析。结果表明:随着氮肥施用量增加,团棵期和旺长期鲜烟叶片的Chl-a、Chl-b和Cars含量均增加,可见光波段反射率降低、近红外波段反射率增加;而打顶期叶片的3种色素含量和光谱特征的变化规律不明显。可见光460～670nm范围内,460nm反射率与叶片叶绿素含量呈显著正相关,其他波段反射率与叶片叶绿素的含量呈显著负相关;近红外780～1260nm范围内,所有波段与叶片叶绿素含量的都呈显著正相关,1480nm反射率与叶片叶绿素含量呈显著负相关。反映Chl-a、Chl-b、Cars含量与光谱参数——比值植被指数(ratio vegetation index,RVI)定量关系的最佳回归方程分别为幂函数、幂函数和指数函数:Chl-a=0.250RVI(730,550)1.511,Chl-b=0.049RVI(730,550)1.841,Cars=0.0998e0.379RVI(730,550)。     

亚热带典型常绿阔叶树种叶片叶绿素含量与其高光谱特征间的关系

叶绿素在植物的生理生态过程中非常重要.利用高光谱数据,揭示光谱反射率上特征光谱与叶绿素含量间的关系将有助于理解叶绿素光谱反射特征的规律.选取了6种亚热带常绿阔叶树种,抽取一定数量的叶片样品,分别测量了叶片的光谱反射率及其叶绿素含量,并建立了光谱反射率曲线上的红边位置附近的光谱反射率和叶绿素总量间的回归模型.结果显示:对所研究的树种而言,红边位置处一窄波长范围内的平均光谱反射率与叶绿素总量间的相关性普遍较高,回归效果显著.从高光谱遥感的角度结合植物的生理生态特点分析了其机理.建立的有关红边位置处的光谱反射率与叶绿素总量间的回归模型普遍具有较高的拟合度,其应用前景较好.     

基于光谱变化特征的小麦叶片不同功能期监测研究

为了探讨小麦叶片不同功能期光谱变化特征与叶绿素含量之间的关系,以4个小麦杂交组合基因型为试验材料,对不同生长发育期的旗叶进行光谱和叶绿素测量,并采用线性外推法计算其红边位置.结果表明：在近红外区（750 nm～850 nm）和可见光区（500 nm～600 nm）处,从抽穗期到扬花期小麦旗叶光谱反射率呈现上升趋势,到灌浆期开始下降.其叶绿素含量也是先上升,进入灌浆期后开始下降.建立旗叶4个不同功能期4月25日、5月1日、5月6日和5月11日叶绿素含量与其红边位置线性回归模型,其R2分别为0.5893、0.8842、0.9379和0.7258,均达极显著水平,表明此模型可用于叶片叶绿素含量无损监测.     

土壤镉污染对水稻叶片光谱反射特性的影响

水稻移栽于添加不同量镉(50、100、200和400 ppm)的土壤上,叶片反射光谱特性发生变化:可见光区反射率增加,其中550—680nm波段反射率的增加更突出;反射光谱的一次微分图和二次微分图上叶绿素吸收边缘明显蓝移。这些变化以分蘖期最为显著。镉害水稻可见光区反射特性的变化与叶片中叶绿素含量的降低相一致。初步确定几个波段可用于区分镉毒害的和正常的水稻的光谱反射特性。     

Dynamic changes in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in Nicotiana tabacum infested by Bemisia tabaci (Middle East–Asia Minor 1) nymphs

Bemisia tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) is a worldwide pest. To determine whether MEAM1 nymphs produce the same symptoms in different host plants, we measured the plant growth and chlorophyll content of tobacco and cotton plants that were infested by MEAM1 nymphs. Furthermore, to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in photosynthesis caused by MEAM1 nymphs, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll a fluorescence of local and systemic tobacco leaves were assayed at 8, 11, 14, and 20 days after MEAM1 adult removal, which represent the stages of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar nymphs, respectively. The results showed that MEAM1 nymph infestation reduced the plant height and internode length of tobacco at 14 and 20 days, as well as the dry weight of infested and systemic tobacco leaves. However, MEAM1 nymph infestation did not affect the plant height or internode length of cotton. Also, the dry weight and chlorophyll and carotenoid content of infested and systemic leaves of cotton plants were not influenced by MEAM1 nymph infestation. However, the contents of chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids in infested tobacco leaves decreased over time; the chlorophyll a content of systemic tobacco leaves decreased at 11, 14, and 20 days. The chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in infested and systemic leaves of cotton plants were not influenced by MEAM1 nymph infestation. In addition, the Pn of infested tobacco leaves decreased at 14 and 20 days, while the Pn in systemic tobacco leaves decreased after 11 days. The greatest decrease in performance index on absorption basis (PI _ABS ) of infested and systemic tobacco leaves occurred on day 14. The fluorescence intensity at 2 ms (J peak) and 300 μs (K peak) increased on day 14, which indicates that 3rd instar nymphs caused serious damage to the primary photochemical reactions and donor side of PSII. These results suggest that MEAM1 nymph infestation had different effects on tobacco and cotton plants. The infestation caused spatial and temporal changes in photosynthesis in tobacco plants. The lower chlorophyll a content may have been related to the lower net photosynthetic rate of systemic and infested tobacco leaves. The decreased stability of the oxygen-evolving complex and the reaction center of PSII and the decrease in electron transport were the main reasons for the decrease in the level of photosynthesis in tobacco leaves caused by MEAM1 nymphs during various stages of infestation.     

枫香秋季变色期叶色变化及其生理基础

为探究秋季枫叶呈色的关键生理因素,该文以转色期叶色为绿色、黄色和红色的枫香单株为试材,研究了L^*、a^*、b^*值变化与叶片色素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白质含量变化的相关性。结果表明:(1)在变色期,3种色彩枫香叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素均大量降解,花色素苷不同程度积累。(2)绿色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素始终保持较高含量,花色素苷含量上升4.2倍,叶片内色素含量比值始终保持稳定; 黄色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量最低,花色素苷含量上升4.4倍,b^*值与叶绿素含量极显著负相关,与类胡萝卜素含量显著负相关,与花色素苷/类胡萝卜素含量比值极显著正相关; 红色叶单株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量略高于黄色叶单株,花色素苷含量上升27.2倍,a^*值与叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量极显著负相关,与花色素苷含量显著正相关,与色素含量比值无显著相关性。(3)红色叶单株具有较高的可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白质含量。因此,在枫香叶片变色期,保持较高的叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,维持色素含量比值稳定使叶片呈现绿色; 叶绿素和类胡萝卜素的大量降解,以及花色素苷/类胡萝卜素含量比值的升高使叶片呈现黄色; 叶绿素的降解和花色素苷的大量合成使叶片呈现红色。     

褐飞虱侵害对水稻叶片、根SOD活性及丙二醛含量的影响

以分蘖期水稻协优963、TN1为供试材料,研究褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens(St(a)l)侵害后水稻叶片、根超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量变化情况.结果表明:协优963、TN1叶片SOD活性变化不明显;15和30头/株侵害协优963后3、6、9d根SOD活性分别显著下降了88.4%和7...     

褐飞虱侵害后不同水稻品种根及叶片脱落酸含量的变化

为了解褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens （Stål）侵害后水稻耐虫性与植物体内源激素关系,应用酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA）研究褐飞虱若虫侵害分蘖期超级培矮64S/E32和TN1,灌浆期协优963和TN1后根及叶片脱落酸（abscisic acid, ABA）含量变化.结果表明：褐飞虱侵害分蘖期超级培矮64S/E32和TN1后3 d,叶片ABA含量显著上升,ABA含量根冠比（根ABA/叶片ABA）显著下降;侵害后6 d,超级培矮64S/E32叶片ABA含量显著下降,根冠比显著上升;但TN1叶片ABA含量在褐飞虱侵害后3 d和6 d显著上升,根冠比显著下降.褐飞虱侵害灌浆期协优963与分蘖期超级培矮64S/E32变化一致,TN1在褐飞虱侵害后3 d叶片ABA含量显著上升,根冠比显著下降;侵害后6 d,叶片ABA含量、ABA含量根冠比均显著上升.由ABA含量变化百分比可见,分蘖期ABA含量变化幅度较灌浆期大;耐虫品种变化幅度较感虫品种大,持续期较感虫品种短;叶片变化幅度较根部大.褐飞虱侵害后,两种不同生育期两种抗性不同的水稻品种比较,耐虫品种叶片ABA含量先上升（3 d）后下降（6 d）,ABA含量根冠比先下降（3 d）后上升（6 d）;感虫品种叶片ABA含量持续上升（3 d和6 d）,分蘖期ABA含量根冠比持续下降（3 d和6 d）,灌浆期ABA含量根冠比先下降（3 d）后上升（6 d）;耐、感虫水稻品种根部变化规律不明显.这些差别表明不同水稻（耐虫和感虫）品种受褐飞虱侵害后体内ABA含量变化规律不同.本研究结果对深入阐明水稻耐虫品种的机制具有重要参考价值.     

管氏肿腿蜂雌性抚育中幼虫转移行为的启动和节律

为深入理解肿腿蜂雌性抚育的行为学特征, 在室内连续观察了雌性管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani对子代幼虫的转移行为, 旨在明确雌蜂在子代蜂幼虫发育到哪一阶段时启动转移行为, 以及幼虫转移行为是否有节律。以黄粉虫Tenebrio militor蛹期在24 h内的蛹体为寄主, 根据子代蜂幼虫发育进程将其划分为低龄幼虫（1-2龄）、 高龄幼虫（3-4龄）、 老熟幼虫(自然脱落)和吐丝幼虫（开始吐丝结茧）等4个时期, 采取人工剥离（早期幼虫）或自然脱离（晚期幼虫）的方法处理子代蜂幼虫, 观察雌蜂对所表现出的行为反应; 然后以子代蜂高龄幼虫为对象, 连续观察雌蜂的30次幼虫转移行为过程。结果表明： 雌蜂对所有发育时期子代蜂幼虫均用触角拍打进行探测; 但不转移低龄幼虫, 只转移其他阶段幼虫, 转移老熟幼虫和吐丝幼虫的瞬间概率分别是转移高龄幼虫的4.09倍和7.69倍。雌蜂转移高龄、 老熟和吐丝幼虫的比例分别为96%, 100%和100%, 没有显著差异（P≥0.05）; 对高龄幼虫、 老熟幼虫和吐丝幼虫转移耗时平均分别为27.96, 34.04和32.49 s, 没有显著差异（P≥0.05）; 平均转移距离依次为4.19, 7.18和 9.43 mm, 对吐丝幼虫的转移距离显著大于高龄幼虫（P<0.05）, 但在高龄和老熟幼虫之间没有显著差异（P≥0.05）。对雌蜂连续30次幼虫转移行为的趋势和节律分析表明： 幼虫转移前探测的幼虫数总体上随幼虫转移次序增加而减少, 在间隔1次和2次之间存在显著自相关, 幼虫转移耗时在间隔1次之间存在显著自相关, 但幼虫转移距离未表现出明显的节律。本研究结果说明, 管氏肿腿蜂雌性抚育中的幼虫转移行为只在子代蜂幼虫发育到较高龄期时启动, 且幼虫转移中的某些行为特征具有节律性。     

南美斑潜蝇为害对黄瓜体内主要营养物质、 次生代谢物质及叶绿素含量的影响

南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard)是一种危害多种蔬菜和观赏植物的多食性害虫。本研究采用蒽酮比色法、 考马斯亮蓝法、 磷钼酸 磷钨酸比色法、 索氏回流法及丙酮法, 分别测定了南美斑潜蝇1~3龄幼虫不同为害程度（系统受害、 轻度受害和重度受害）对黄瓜叶片内可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白质、 单宁、 黄酮及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明： 南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害后, 黄瓜叶片中可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素的含量随着为害程度的增强而显著降低（P<0.01）, 最大降幅分别为62%, 35%和40%; 单宁和黄酮的含量随着为害程度的增强而显著上升（P<0.01）, 最高升幅分别为26%和53%; 并且具有系统性影响。结果提示, 南美斑潜蝇幼虫为害导致寄主植物营养物质含量下降、 光合作用降低, 而次生代谢物质含量上升, 从而对植食者产生诱导抗性。本研究结果为进一步揭示南美斑潜蝇与其寄主植物相互作用关系及其机理提供了有益的参考。     

Changes of zeatin riboside content in rice plants due to infestation by Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

The effect of Nilaparvata lugens (St?l) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), infestation on the content of zeatin ribosides (ZR) in rice plants was investigated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hydroponics experiments were conducted on 'Zhendao 2' rice, in which plants were subjected to N. lugens infestation at three nonhopperburn-causing densities (15, 30, and 60 nymphs per hill) for 2, 4, 6, and 8 d and at one hopperburn-causing density (240 nymphs per hill) for 2, 4, and 6 d, respectively. When rice plants were infested at the nonhopperburn-causing densities, ZR content in leaves varied significantly with the infestation density. Compared with the control plants, ZR content in rice leaves decreased significantly after infestation by 60 nymphs per hill for 2 d, but it tended to increase due to prolonged infestation at all the nonhopperburn-causing densities. In contrast, ZR content in rice roots significantly reduced after the plants being infested at the density of 15 nymphs for 2 d and at all densities for prolonged duration, except for the plants infested by 60 nymphs for 6 and 8 d, in which the ZR content increased or did not change significantly. However, infestation at the hopperburn-causing density caused significant reduction in ZR content in rice roots, regardless of infestation duration, and in rice leaves from the plants subjected to 2-d infestation. These results are discussed in relation to the possible physiological reaction of rice plants to N. lugens infestation and the resultant severe damage or hopperburn.     

Role of cyanide-resistant respiration during light-induced attraction of predators to herbivore-infested leaves

The present work showed that spider mite-infested leaves placed in the light were more attractive to predatory mites than the infested leaves placed in the dark; furthermore, an increase in the light intensity enhanced this attractiveness. However, the increase of the light intensity did not change the attractiveness of the uninfested leaves to predatory mites. The capacity of cyanide-resistant respiration and the photosynthetic rates of both the infested and uninfested leaves increased with increasing light intensities, whereas the photosystem (PS) II chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence decreased. The increase of the capacity of cyanide-resistant respiration in the infested leaves was more dramatic than that in the uninfested leaves, whereas the values of photosynthetic rates and Chl fluorescence were lower in the infested leaves than those in the uninfested leaves. Treatment of the infested and uninfested leaves with 1 mM salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM, an inhibitor of cyanide-resistant respiration) decreased photosynthetic rates and caused further reductions in PSII fluorescence, especially under a higher light intensity. In contrast, the effects of SHAM on PSII fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic rates of the infested leaves were more dramatic than on those of the uninfested leaves. The treatment with SHAM did not significantly change the attractiveness of the infested or uninfested leaves to the predatory mites under all of the light intensities tested. These results indicated that cyanide-resistant respiration was not directly associated with the light-induced attraction of predators to plants, but it could play a role in the protection of photosynthesis. Such role might become relatively more important when photosynthesis is impaired by herbivores infestation.     

Changes in photosynthetic and transpiration rates of cotton leaves infested with the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii: Unrestricted infestation

The influence of aphid, Aphis gossypii, feeding on photosynthesis and transpiration in cotton plants was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Four population densities of 0, 5, 10, and 25 aphids were used to infest individual cotton leaves. Gas exchange rates were determined for single attached cotton leaves after 9, 18, and 27 days of aphid infestation. Aphid feeding changed photosynthetic rates and transpiration rates. These changes were proportional to the number of aphids and the length of infestation period. Photosynthetic rates were significantly reduced in infested leaves with 25 aphids over 18 days, whereas significant reduction in photosynthetic rates was recorded within 27 days in infested leaves with 5, 10, and 25 aphids in comparison to their respective control. Initial population of 10 aphids increased significantly the transpiration rate of infested leaves over 9 and 27 days. Leaves of plants with 25 aphids had significantly greater transpiration rate than the control at all times.     

蕾期土壤盐度降低后棉花叶片的生理功能恢复

试验于2011—2012年在江苏南京江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所试验田进行,采用盆栽方法,以鲁棉研37号和苏棉22号为供试材料,设置土壤盐度降低试验(初始土壤含盐量为0.2%,棉花进入二叶期后每7d加入混合盐1次,每次增加0.1%,使土壤含盐量逐渐达到0.5%,蕾期进行盐度降低处理,使土壤含盐量降低到0.2%左右),研究蕾期土壤盐度降低后棉花叶片的生理代谢动态特征。结果表明:土壤盐度降低后,棉花叶片叶绿素(Chl)、类胡萝卜素(Car)含量和Chl/Car升高;净光合速率和气孔导度升高,且分别在土壤盐度降低后第14天和7天接近于低盐对照;土壤盐度降低后棉花叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,MDA含量在土壤盐度降低后第14天接近于低盐对照;土壤盐度降低后棉花叶片中可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量降低,且接近于低盐对照。上述结果表明土壤盐度降低后,棉花叶片生理功能逐渐恢复,进而实现棉花生长发育的恢复补偿。棉花叶片生理功能在土壤盐度降低后的恢复能力存在品种间差异,鲁棉研37号较苏棉22号叶片生理功能表现出更强的恢复能力。