大垫尖翅蝗配子发生过程中c-kit蛋白特异性表达

应用免疫组织化学和生物统计分析相结合的方法,对大垫尖翅蝗Epacromius coerulipes (Ivan.)配子发生过程中c-kit蛋白特异表达特点和动态进行研究.结果表明:(1)精子发生过程中,精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和成熟精子中均有不同程度的c-kit蛋白表达,精巢末端还有较粗大的阳性颗粒分布;(2)卵子发生过程中,第1～6阶段卵母细胞中有不同程度的c-kit蛋白特异性表达,但随着卵黄发生的开始逐渐消失;(3)滤泡细胞、输卵管和受精囊的腺细胞中有c-kit蛋白颗粒的存在.     

花胫绿纹蝗和疣蝗配子发生时原癌基因c-kit特异性表达比较研究

应用免疫组织化学和生物统计分析相结合的方法,对花胫绿纹蝗Aiolopus tamulus (Fabricius)和疣蝗Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg)配子发生过程中原癌基因c-kit特异表达进行了比较研究。结果表明：（1）精子发生过程中,精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞和成熟精子中均有不同程度的c-kit蛋白表达,精巢末端还有较粗大的阳性颗粒分布;（2）卵子发生过程中,第1～6阶段卵母细胞中有不同程度的c-kit蛋白特异性表达,但随着卵黄发生的开始逐渐消失;（3）2种蝗虫配子发生过程中c-kit表达存在种间差异。     

网翅蝗科三种蝗虫卵子发生时c-kit蛋白表达和比较

为探讨c-kit蛋白在蝗虫卵子发生过程中的表达和调控机制,应用免疫组织化学和统计分析等方法对网翅蝗科(直翅目,蝗总科)3种蝗虫卵子发生过程中8个代表性阶段c-kit蛋白表达进行观测和比较,3种蝗虫分别为:绿牧草蝗 Omocestus viridulus(Linnaeus),素色异爪蝗Euchorthippus unicolor(Ikonn.)和条纹异爪蝗Euchorthippus vittatus Zheng.结果显示蝗虫卵子发生第1～6阶段卵母细胞中有不同程度c-kit蛋白特异性表达,但随着卵黄发生的开始逐渐消失,而且3种蝗虫卵子发生过程中c-kit蛋白表达存在种间差异.以上结果提示c-kit蛋白在卵子发生中的表达暗示它参与和调控卵母细胞增殖与分化,此外c-kit蛋白表达种间差异说明在它的调控下不仅导致蝗虫卵子发生进程的迥异而且可能参与维系种间生殖隔离等机制.     

小翅负蝗雌性的记述

首次记述了小翅负蝗Atractomorpha micropennaZheng,1992的雌性。     

短额负蝗配子发生过程中蓖麻凝集素受体的分布

利用凝集素细胞化学方法对短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar配子发生过程中蓖麻凝集素（Ricinus communis agglutinin-Ⅰ,RCA-Ⅰ）受体分布进行了定位研究,旨在认识昆虫配子发生过程中β-半乳糖复合物的分布规律及意义。结果表明： 在短额负蝗精子发生过程中,RCA-Ⅰ在各期生精细胞膜上均有明显的阳性反应,变形期及成熟期精子头部为中强度阳性反应。卵子发生中,各阶段卵母细胞均为阳性反应,在卵母细胞生长期阳性反应达峰值,随着卵黄颗粒的逐渐形成,阳性反应逐渐减弱,成熟卵子中卵黄膜上重新出现中强度阳性反应。结果提示短额负蝗配子发生过程中β-半乳糖复合物的高度表达和修饰变化与其配子发生密切相关。     

新疆异痂蝗属一新种：直翅目：蝗总科：斑翅蝗科

本文描述采自新疆北部异痂蝗属ＢｒｙｏｄｅｍｌｌａＹｉｎ１新种一小异痂蝗Ｂｒｙｏｄｅｍｅｌｌａｅｌｅｇａｎｓ,以下核实 特征而显著区别于该属其他种：（１）雄性型很小,体长在２３ｍｍ以下;（２）前胸背板背面沿后缘具１褐黄色带。     

山西省异爪蝗属二新种（直翅目：网翅蝗科）

本文记述在晋南地区采到的异爪蝗属二新种,黑条异爪蝗Euchorthippus nigiliineatus sp.nov.及曲线异爪蝗Eochorthippus sinucarinatus sp.nov.     

短额负蝗卵子发生过程中糖复合物的动态分布

以生物素标记的凝集素(UEA-I、SBA、PNA)为探针,利用凝集素组织化学方法对短额负蝗(Atracto-morphasinensis)卵子发生过程中滤泡细胞和卵母细胞内糖复合物的分布进行了定位研究。结果表明,在卵子发生的各期滤泡细胞和卵母细胞中没有UEA-I受体的表达,SBA和PNA受体以不同的分布模式呈阶段性表达。两者首次出现于卵母细胞生长期,随后PNA受体消失,SBA受体大量表达;在卵黄形成期前期SBA受体和重新出现的PNA受体表达于卵黄颗粒形成部位,卵黄形成期后期两者均为阴性表达;成熟卵子中两种受体又以不同程度重新出现于卵黄膜。两种受体在滤泡细胞内均大量表达。提示,N-乙酰半乳糖胺和半乳糖-β-(1,3)半乳糖胺复合物的修饰和变化与卵母细胞的发育、卵黄物质的形成及滤泡细胞的增殖分化密切相关,卵黄膜上的糖复合物可能与精卵识别有关。     

中国异痂蝗属一新种(直翅目,斑翅蝗科)

记述采自新疆北部地区异痂蝗属1新种,即黑翅异痂蝗Bryodemalla nigripennis sp.nov.,新种区别于属内所有已知种为:1)前胸背板沟后区两侧具3条侧隆线;2)后翅除基部淡红色外其余部分全黑色;3)后足股节外侧上下隆线均具细齿。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

Genetic diversity of six populations of Atractomorpha sinensis and Atractomorpha peregrina in Shanxi Province, China

Ten enzymes (AAT,CK,G3PDH,HEX,IDH,LDH,MDH,ME,PGI,PGM)were examined using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis to estimate the levels of genetic variation within and among six natural populations of two grasshopper species Atractomorpha sinensis and A.peregrina from Shanxi,China.The collecting sites were geographically distant from each other from south to north:Quwo district,Linfen city;Xiangyuan county,Changzhi;Jinyuan district,Taiyuan city;Yuanping county,Xinzhou city and Fanshi county of Xinzhou.A.sinensis showed 43 alleles at 16 loci but A.peregrine showed 39 alleles at 15 loci (ldh-1 was deficient).The zymograms showed that some common alleles were shared at several loci in these two species (Aat-1-b,Aat-2-b,G3pdh-a,Ck-1-b and Ldh-b).However,Hex-1-a,Hex-2-a,Hex-3-a,Idh-2-b,Mdh-2-b,Mdh-1-f Pgi-b,Pgm-b had common alleles in A.sinensis and Hex-1-b,Hex-2-b,Hex-3-b,Idh-2-a,Mdh-2-a,Mdh-1-d,Pgi-a,Pgm-c were of high frequency in A.peregrine instead.Most of the observed genotype frequencies were found to significantly deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both species.A tendency of clinal distribution of allele frequency was observed at three loci.The frequency of the moderately migrating allele Me-c (0.318-0.740)in A.peregrina,Hex-1-a (0.800-1.000)and Ldh-b (0.487-0.750)in A.sinensis demonstrated increased frequency from north to south.Such tendency suggests that the allele frequency in these three loci may be correlated with the species'geographic distributions.A.sinensis showed higher genetic diversity than A.peregrina as indicated by higher mean number of alleles per locus (A=1.9-2.3 in A.sinensis and 1.7-2.2 in A.peregrina),percentage of polymorphic loci (56.3%-68.8%in A.sinensis and 43.8%-56.3%in A.peregrina),and the observed heterozygosities (Ho=0.072-0.096 in A.sinensis and 0.070-0.107 in A.peregrina).The observed heterozygosities of the six populations were all noticeably lower than the Hardy-Weinberg expectations,mostly due to heterozygote deficiency in the populations of both species.The overall mean Fsr were small (FST=0.045,P＞0.05 in A.sinensis populations and 0.087,P＞0.05 in A.peregrina populations).Nei's genetic identity (I)estimates indicate low intraspecific (＞0.95)but higher interspecific (0.377-0.447)genetic diversity.The cluster analysis based on modified Roger's genetic distance (D)showed that the two species were divided into two branches.Both species are of limited dispersal capacity and a moderate geographical barrier might significantly restrict the gene exchange among populations,resulting in accumulation of local genetic differentiations.The A.sinensis populations used in this study were separated from each other by 155.2 to 271.4 km and the A.peregrina populations were separated from each other by 78.8 to 174.9 km with observable physical barriers.The aUozyme data showed only minimal genetic differentiation at population level,most likely as a result of gene exchange.It is reasoned that natural factors and human agricultural activities might have facilitated migration and dispersal for the two species.     

山西省六个负蝗种群的遗传多样性

用等位酶电泳分析方法对短额负蝗(A tractom orpha sinensis)和奇异负蝗(A tractom orpha p ereg rina)各3个自然种群10种酶(AAT,CK,G 3PD,HEX,IDH,LDH,M DH,M E,PG I,PGM)进行检测。结果显示:两种负蝗在某些基因座上共享常见的等位基因,如A a t-1-b、A a t-2-b、G 3p d-a、Ck-1-b和Ldh-b;除个别基因座在部分种群符合H ardy-W e inberg平衡外,两种负蝗的大多数基因座的基因型频率显著偏离H ardy-W e inberg平衡。此外,奇异负蝗M e-c(0.318~0.740)、短额负蝗H ex-1-a(0.800~1.000)及Ldh-b(0.487~0.750)等位基因频率呈现出由北向南递增的趋势,表明M e和H ex、Ldh基因座上的等位基因频率与地理分布存在一定的相关关系。短额负蝗平均每个基因座的等位基因数(A)为1.9~2.3、多态基因座百分率(P)为56.3%~68.8%、平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.072~0.096;而奇异负蝗的相应值依次为A=1.7~2.2,P=43.8~56.3%,Ho=0.070~0.107。从A、P和Ho3个参数可知,短额负蝗遗传多样性明显高于奇异负蝗。6个负蝗种群的平均观察杂合度均明显低于H ardy-W e inberg平衡预期值,表明6个负蝗种群均出现了杂合体缺乏现象。短额负蝗3种群I值为0.971~0.996,奇异负蝗3种群I值为0.982~0.995,短额负蝗与奇异负蝗I值为0.379~0.451,表明种内遗传相似度明显高于种间,从种间I值可知奇异负蝗和短额负蝗属于近缘种。根据R oger's遗传距离进行的聚类分析表明,两种负蝗可分为两支,且两种负蝗的遗传距离与地理距离均存在明显的相关趋势。两种负蝗的平均FST值都不显著偏离0值(奇异负蝗FST=0.087,p>0.05,短额负蝗FST=0.045,p>0.05),表明该两种负蝗种群间的分化不明显。     

Temporal expression of c-kit in spermatogenesis of two grasshopper species

Two species of grasshoppers, Calliptamus abbreviatus （Ikonn.） and Shirakiacris shirakii （I. Bol.）, were collected randomly in the Siping area of Jilin Province, China. By using immunohistochemical methods and statistical analysis, we observed and compared the temporal expression of c-kit protein in four representative stages of spermatogenesis of the two grasshoppers, namely： spermatogonia; primary spermatocyte; secondary spermatocyte; and mature sperm. Results showed that there was c-kit positive temporal expression at each stage of spermatogenesis, but there were different positive expression levels： （i） weak positive expression of c-kit protein appeared in spermatogonia and the positive granules were thinner; （ii） strong positive expression of c-kit protein existed in primary spermatocyte and positive granules became biggest among all developmental stages; （iii） c-kit positive expression stayed stronger in secondary spermatocyte while positive granules became thinner; （iv） there was a strong positive expression of c-kit and thinner positive granules in mature sperm, which distributed on head and tail; （v） the biggest c-kit positive granules had been found massing at the end of spermary; and （vi） significant differences of c-kit positive expression existed in spermatogenesis between two species of grasshoppers. The results indicated that c-kit protein may play a crucial role in spermatogenesis and even retain the physiological action of sperms and fertilization in grasshoppers.     

短额负蝗的营养成分与利用评价

本文分析了短额负蝗AtractomorphasinensisBolivar的营养成分 ,包括蛋白质、氨基酸、总糖、粗脂肪、脂肪酸及维生素B1,B2 ,C和E。此种昆虫粗蛋白含量为 2 2 4 5 %～ 32 5 9% ,粗脂肪含量为 2 87%～4 91 % ,总糖为 0 0 95 %。在分析其营养价值的基础上 ,进行了开发利用评价。     

短额负蝗精子发生过程中SBA受体的动态分布

用常规组织学方法观察短额负蝗Atractomorpha sinensis Bolivar精子发生过程中生精细胞的显微结构,并以大豆凝集素(soybean agglutinin,SBA)为探针利用凝集素细胞化学方法研究该过程中N-乙酰半乳糖复合物的分布变化。结果表明,短额负蝗精子发生经历了精原细胞增殖期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精子细胞形成期和精子成熟期5个时期,在这5个时期中各期生精细胞的大小、形态、核染色体等变化明显。在整个精子发生过程中,N-乙酰半乳糖复合物出现于精原细胞期,并于精母细胞期发生明显的修饰和变化,精子形成期和成熟期没有N-乙酰半乳糖复合物的表达。提示,N-乙酰半乳糖复合物的修饰和变化与短额负蝗生精细胞的生长和分化密切相关。     

盐生植物翅碱蓬的内生真菌多样性分析

【目的】对辽宁省盘锦市双台子河口国家自然保护区的盐生植物翅碱蓬(Suaedaheteroptera Kitag.)的内生真菌进行研究。【方法】利用传统分离方法对翅碱蓬的根、茎、叶组织进行分离和纯化,根据形态学和理化特征,并结合rDNA-ITS序列分析对菌种进行鉴定。【结果】共分离得到内生真菌49株,这些内生真菌分属于13个属,其中小丛壳菌属(Glomerella)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、毛盘孢属(Colletotrichum)和枝孢属(Cladosporium)为优势菌属。翅碱蓬的内生真菌分布具有一定的组织特异性,两种不同生境中的翅碱蓬内生真菌群落丰富度差异较小,相似度较高,但在某些种属上存在特异性。【结论】翅碱蓬体内含有丰富的内生真菌资源,其内生真菌具有很高的宿主特异性,而且其分布受生境影响。     

类c-kit原癌蛋白在多伊棺头蟋胚后精子发生中的表达和定位

为了了解类c-kit原癌蛋白在多伊棺头蟋Loxoblemmus doenitzi Stein胚后精子发生中的表达、定位及可能的调控作用,采用常规免疫组织化学方法进行了相关研究。结果表明：处于减数分裂中期Ⅰ至末期Ⅱ的初级精母细胞的细胞膜上有类c-kit原癌蛋白阳性颗粒;精巢或受精囊内成熟精子头部也具有类c-kit原癌蛋白阳性颗粒。结果反映了类c-kit蛋白对于维持动物精子发生过程中减数分裂、精子成熟及受精能力具有特殊功能。