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《昆虫学报》2016,(11)
【目的】橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis是世界性分布的危害果蔬的重要检疫性农业害虫,目前已对包括新烟碱类在内的多种杀虫剂产生了抗性。本研究在克隆鉴定橘小实蝇烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(n AChR)α9亚基基因c DNA的基础上,对其分子特性和系统发育进行生物信息学分析,并检测了该基因在橘小实蝇不同发育阶段及成虫不同组织中的表达模式,为进一步研究其潜在功能及在抗药性中的作用奠定基础。【方法】通过高通量测序技术对橘小实蝇进行转录组测序,对高质量序列拼接组装、基因鉴定及同源性比对分析,预测橘小实蝇烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体候选基因。采用RTPCR和RACE(rapid-amplification of c DNA ends)技术克隆该基因的c DNA全长序列,利用生物信息学分析软件分析其基本生物信息;以α-tubulin为内参基因,利用q PCR研究该基因mRNA在橘小实蝇不同发育阶段及成虫头、胸、腹等组织中的表达模式。【结果】根据预测的基因序列,设计特异性引物进行RACE扩增,从橘小实蝇中克隆获得一条烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体基因的全长序列,c DNA全长1 486 bp,完整开放阅读框1 281 bp,编码426个氨基酸,推测其蛋白质分子量为49.1 k D,理论等电点6.56。该基因经序列比对命名为Bdα9,Gen Bank登录号为JQ178254。氨基酸同源性及系统进化树分析显示,该基因的编码蛋白具有n AChRα亚基的典型特征,并与Agα9和Dmβ3聚类在一起,与其他昆虫n AChRα9亚基具有22%~27%的氨基酸序列一致性。q PCR结果表明,Bdα9mRNA在橘小实蝇整个发育阶段均有表达,成虫期的表达量显著高于卵、2龄幼虫、3龄幼虫和蛹期;Bdα9在橘小实蝇成虫头部中表达量最高,且显著高于胸部和腹部中的表达量。【结论】鉴定了橘小实蝇烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体基因Bdα9,明确了该基因在橘小实蝇不同发育阶段及成虫不同组织中的表达模式。根据q PCR的结果,推测Bdα9可能在橘小实蝇成虫期具有重要功能。 相似文献
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应用寄生蜂和不育雄虫防控田间橘小实蝇 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
食品安全已成为当今社会广受关注的问题。尽管国内的一些学者就阿里山潜蝇茧蜂[Fopius arisanus(Sonan)]和橘小实蝇SIT技术分别开展了不同程度的研究,然而关于应用该蜂和不育雄虫对橘小实蝇[Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)]进行田间联合防治的研究还未见相关报道。为此,为探讨天敌昆虫和雄性不育技术对橘小实蝇的田间综合治理(IPM)技术,开展了阿里山潜蝇茧蜂和橘小实蝇不育雄虫的田间释放试验:首先应用性引诱剂降低田间野生雄虫数量;而后,释放橘小实蝇不育雄虫,进一步降低田间橘小实蝇种群数量;最后,释放阿里山潜蝇茧蜂对田间残余的橘小实蝇卵进行追踪寄生,以达到持续控制的目的。通过监测整个防控期田间橘小实蝇的种群数量以及果实受害率和防治效果作为评价指标评价该防治方法的综合防治效果。结果表明:应用阿里山潜蝇茧蜂、橘小实蝇不育雄虫并配合引诱剂的综合措施对橘小实蝇的种群数量有明显控制作用,田间总体防治效果可达90%左右。此外,提出完善橘小实蝇田间防控措施的建议,并提出该研究的不足以及有待进一步开展研究的方向。 相似文献
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【背景】橘小实蝇是重要的检疫性害虫,发生危害严重。有关低温对橘小实蝇成虫羽化的影响尚未见报道。【方法】通过设置不同温度(8、4、0和-4℃)及处理时间(12、18和24 h),研究了橘小实蝇羽化率和羽化时间的变化。【结果】随着温度的降低,橘小实蝇羽化率和羽化时间显著降低和延长。羽化率可从正常温度(28℃)下的100.0%降低至6.7%(0℃);羽化时间可从正常温度(28℃)下的9.0 d延长至12.5 d(0℃)。当温度为-4℃时,橘小实蝇不能正常羽化。【结论与意义】橘小实蝇的耐寒性较差。本研究可为该虫适生区划定提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为明确广东橘园生境的实蝇种类及优势种的季节动态,2016年在肇庆市怀集县、韶关市始兴县和潮州市潮安区各选择一处橘园开展实蝇监测并分析实蝇昆虫的多样性特征及优势种的季节动态。本次监测共诱集到7属15种实蝇。其中,怀集县橘园的物种丰富度最高,所获得的15种实蝇在该地均有发现,橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis为怀集县橘园的优势种。此外,值得关注的是,怀集县橘园还监测到柑橘专性害虫蜜柑大实蝇B.tsuneonis,蜜柑大实蝇的此次发现在广东省为首次报道。始兴县橘园监测到实蝇7种,其多样性、优势度和均匀度指数在3个橘园中最高,南瓜实蝇Bactrocera tau和橘小实蝇是该橘园的优势种。潮安区橘园监测到5种,其所有多样性指数在3个橘园中最低,橘小实蝇占绝对优势。监测结果表明橘小实蝇、南瓜实蝇、瓜实蝇和具条实蝇是广东橘园生境的常见种。橘小实蝇与南瓜实蝇是橘园生境的优势种,橘小实蝇与南瓜实蝇的成虫全年均可发生。 相似文献
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【背景】橘小实蝇是热带、亚热带水果的重要害虫,在海南发生严重。【方法】利用橘小实蝇性诱剂进行田间诱捕,以诱到的雄成虫为指标,通过定期调查,获得了海南儋州地区4种样地橘小实蝇成虫的种群动态,并进一步通过相关分析,研究了芒果园橘小实蝇种群动态与温度和降雨量的相关性。【结果】儋州地区橘小实蝇种群周年发生,冬季种群数量较低,夏季种群数量较高。橘小实蝇种群高峰期发生于6月,其中芒果园达327.6头,蔬菜地为182.8头,办公区为150.0头,植物园为209.6头。在芒果园中,随着温度的升高,橘小实蝇的种群数量呈指数增长,其相关系数R=0.799;而与降雨量的相关系数较低,为0.367。【结论与意义】本研究可为儋州地区制定橘小实蝇综合防治策略提供理论依据。 相似文献
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不同生境中橘小实蝇种群动态及密度的差异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示不同生境条件对橘小实蝇种群动态及密度的影响,通过设置橘小实蝇诱捕器,对2008-2009年福州地区不同生境条件下的橘小实蝇种群动态进行了监测。结果表明:(1)各寄主的转色成熟期是该果园橘小实蝇发生的高峰期。(2)在瓜果的成熟期,果园内橘小实蝇的种群数量要高于果园周边丛林的种群数量;成熟期过后,果园内部的种群数量小于果园周边丛林。(3)山谷生境橘小实蝇种群数量明显高于山脊生境,沿河生境则要明显高于非沿河生境。(4)城区的橘小实蝇的发生期早于乡村,且发生量要大于乡村。 相似文献
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Four morphologically cryptic species of the Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly complex (B. dorsalis s.s., B. papayae, B. carambolae and B. philippinensis) are serious agricultural pests. As they are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic techniques, we examined the potential for geometric morphometric analysis of wing size and shape to discriminate between them. Fifteen wing landmarks generated size and shape data for 245 specimens for subsequent comparisons among three geographically distinct samples of each species. Intraspecific wing size was significantly different within samples of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis s.s. but not within samples of B. papayae or B. philippinensis. Although B. papayae had the smallest wings (average centroid size=6.002 mm±0.061 SE) and B. dorsalis s.s. the largest (6.349 mm±0.066 SE), interspecific wing size comparisons were generally non-informative and incapable of discriminating species. Contrary to the wing size data, canonical variate analysis based on wing shape data discriminated all species with a relatively high degree of accuracy; individuals were correctly reassigned to their respective species on average 93.27% of the time. A single sample group of B. carambolae from locality 'TN Malaysia' was the only sample to be considerably different from its conspecific groups with regards to both wing size and wing shape. This sample was subsequently deemed to have been originally misidentified and likely represents an undescribed species. We demonstrate that geometric morphometric techniques analysing wing shape represent a promising approach for discriminating between morphologically cryptic taxa of the B. dorsalis species complex. 相似文献
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H W Steinbusch R Nieuwenhuys A A Verhofstad D Van der Kooy 《Journal de physiologie》1981,77(2-3):157-174
The nucleus raphe dorsalis of the albino rat has been studied in the following three ways: (1) the cell mass was subjected to a detailed cytoarchitectonic analysis, based upon Nissl-stained material; (2) serotonin--as well as the noradrenaline--immunoreactive neurons present in the area of the nucleus raphe dorsalis were plotted; (3) following large injections of the fluorescent dye propidium iodide into the caudatoputamen complex, the cells in the nucleus raphe dorsalis projecting to this complex were labeled and subsequently stained with an antibody against serotonin. Cytoarchitectonic analysis showed that three cell types are present within the confines of the nucleus raphe dorsalis: small, medium and large. Moreover, differences in concentrations of cell bodies made it possible to subdivide the nucleus raphe dorsalis into four regions. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the borders of the serotoninergic cell groups B6 and B7 of DAHLSTROM and FUXE do not coincide with those of the nucleus raphe dorsalis. Serotonin-immunoreactive perikarya in the nucleus raphe dorsalis were categorized as medium and large neurons; noradrenaline-immunoreactive neurons in the nucleus raphe dorsalis do all belong to the category--large neurons. With the combined use of immunofluorescence and fluorescent retrograde tracing, it was found that the projection from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the caudatoputamen complex originates from serotoninergic as well as non-serotoninergic cells, both of which can be categorized as being medium-sized neurons. The data presented in this paper provides a guide for further studies of afferent and efferent connections of the nucleus raphe dorsalis and for electrophysiological experiments on its constituent neurons. 相似文献
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D. C. A. SHEARMAN A. S. GILCHRIST D. CRISAFULLI G. GRAHAM C. LANGE M. FROMMER 《Molecular ecology resources》2006,6(1):4-7
The dorsalis complex contains some of the most economically important fruit fly pests of the Asia–Pacific regions, including Bactrocera dorsalis, Bactrocera papayae and Bactrocera carambolae. These species are morphologically indistinct and genetically very similar. We describe the development of 12 microsatellite markers isolated from a representative of the dorsalis complex, B. papayae. We show the potential utility of the B. papayae microsatellites and a set of microsatellites isolated from Bactrocera tryoni as population and species markers for the dorsalis complex. 相似文献
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MK Schutze MN Krosch KF Armstrong TA Chapman A Englezou A Chomic SL Cameron D Hailstones AR Clarke 《BMC evolutionary biology》2012,12(1):130-15
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Bactrocera dorsalis s.s. is a pestiferous tephritid fruit fly distributed from Pakistan to the Pacific, with the Thai/Malay peninsula its southern limit. Sister pest taxa, B. papayae and B. philippinensis occur in the southeast Asian archipelago and the Philippines, respectively. The relationship among these species is unclear due to their high molecular and morphological similarity. This study analysed population structure of these three species within a southeast Asian biogeographical context to assess potential dispersal patterns and the validity of their current taxonomic status. RESULTS: Geometric morphometric results generated from 15 landmarks for wings of 169 flies revealed significant differences in wing shape between almost all sites following canonical variate analysis. For the combined data set there was a greater isolation-by-distance (IBD) effect under a 'non-Euclidean' scenario which used geographical distances within a biogeographical 'Sundaland context' (r2 = 0.772, P < 0.0001) as compared to a 'Euclidean' scenario for which direct geographic distances between sample sites was used (r2 = 0.217, P < 0.01). COI sequence data were obtained for 156 individuals and yielded 83 unique haplotypes with no correlation to current taxonomic designations via a minimum spanning network. BEAST analysis provided a root age and location of 540kya in northern Thailand, with migration of B. dorsalis s.l. into Malaysia 470kya and Sumatra 270kya. Two migration events into the Philippines are inferred. Sequence data revealed a weak but significant IBD effect under the 'non-Euclidean' scenario (r2 = 0.110, P < 0.05), with no historical migration evident between Taiwan and the Philippines. Results are consistent with those expected at the intra-specific level. CONCLUSIONS: Bactrocera dorsalis s.s., B. papayae and B. philippinensis likely represent one species structured around the South China Sea, having migrated from northern Thailand into the southeast Asian archipelago and across into the Philippines. No migration is apparent between the Philippines and Taiwan. This information has implications for quarantine, trade and pest management. 相似文献
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Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was discovered on Tahiti Island in July 1996. Eradication programs were conducted from 1997 to 2001, but failed. From 1998 to 2006, B. dorsalis was recovered from 29 different host fruit from the five Society Islands: Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Tahaa, and Huahine. Analysis of coinfestation patterns by B. dorsalis, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), and Bactrocera kirki (Froggatt) suggested B. dorsalis had displaced these two species and become the most abundant fruit fly in coastal areas. To suppress B. dorsalis populations, a classical biological control program was initiated to introduce the natural enemy Fopius arisanus (Sonan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) into French Polynesia from Hawaii. Wasps were released and established on Tahiti, Moorea, Raiatea, Tahaa, and Huahine Islands. In guava, Psidium guajava L., collections for Tahiti, F. arisanus parasitism of fruit flies was 2.1, 31.8, 37.5, and 51.9% for fruit collected for 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Based on guava collections in 2002 (before releases) and 2006 (after releases), there was a subsequent decrease in numbers of B. dorsalis, B. tryoni, and B. kirki fruit flies emerging (per kilogram of fruit) by 75.6, 79.3, and 97.9%, respectively. These increases in F. arisanus parasitism and decreases in infestation were similar for other host fruit. Establishment of F. arisanus is the most successful example of classical biological control of fruit flies in the Pacific area outside of Hawaii and serves as a model for introduction into South America, Africa, and China where species of the B. dorsalis complex are established. 相似文献
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The Mexican carabid species Pseudaptinus (Thalpius) nobilis Liebke is documented from the United States for the first time based on two specimens captured in southeastern Texas. A new taxonomic key distinguishes the 10 members of subgenus Thalpius known in North America, including Mexico. Pseudaptinus (Thalpius) dorsalis, which is found to be highly variable in its dorsal coloration, is compared to similar Pseudaptinus (Thalpius) hoegei. Geographic ranges are extended for several species. 相似文献
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Following unilateral iontophoretic application of HRP into the optic tectum of Salamandra salamandra, retrogradely HRP-filled cells were found bilaterally in the pretectum, tegmentum isthmi, the reticular formation, pars medialis, and in the nucleus vestibularis magnocellularis. The area octavo-lateralis projects only to the caudal part of the tectum. Ipsilateral projections were noted from the dorsal gray columns of the cervical spinal cord, the dorsal tegmentum, the thalamus dorsalis pars medialis, thalamus dorsalis, pars anterior (to the rostral one-third of the tectum), the thalamus ventralis (in its entire rostro-caudal extent), and the preoptico-hypothalamic complex. Retrogradely filled cells were identified in deeper layers of the contralateral tectum. There are two telencephalic nuclei projecting ipsilaterally to the tectum via the lateral forebrain: the ventral part of the lateral pallium, and the posterior strioamygdalar complex. 相似文献
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[卡其].肯拜尔鸭和北京鸭胰脏和胰管的比较解剖 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究共观察[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭(Khaki Campbell)45只,北京鸭[Pekin duck(Anas domestica L.)]41只,比较了两种鸭胰叶和胰管的形态结构。结果如下:[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭和北京鸭的胰脏都分为背侧胰叶,腹侧胰叶和脾胰叶。除有背侧胰管和腹侧胰管外,还观察到自背侧胰叶尾端发出另一胰管入十二指肠,并命名为第一胰管。[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭和北京鸭的背侧和腹侧胰管入肠类型均可分为三种:背、腹侧胰管以左、右向排列;背侧胰管在前,腹侧胰管在后;腹侧胰管在前,背侧胰管在后。此外,[卡其]·肯拜尔鸭出现多条胰管入肠的例数多于北京鸭。 相似文献
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I Beveridge 《Journal of helminthology》1979,53(3):229-244
Hypodontus macropi M?nnig, 1929, is redescribed and its taxonomic affinities discussed. H. macropi is recorded for the first time from Wallabia bicolor, Macropus robustus, M. fuliginosus, M. dorsalis, M. agilis and Thylogale billardierii. The method of attachment of the parasite and gross and histopathological changes associated with it are described. Free living larval stages are described. Experimental infestations were attempted but were not successful. Hypodontus thetidis Johnston and Mawson, 1939, is made a synonym of H. macropi. 相似文献